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GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  OL  MICHIGAN. 


UPPER  PENINSULA 

1869-1873 


VOL.  II. 

Appendices  to  Part  I.,  Vol.  I.— Iron-Bearing  Rocks 

(Economic) 

BY 

T.  B.  BROOKS 


PUBLISHED  BY  AUTHORITY  OF  THE  LEGISLATURE 
OF  MICHIGAN 

UNDER  THE  DIRECTION  OF  THE 

BOARD  OF  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


NEW  YORK 
JULIUS  BIEN 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

Appendix  A.  Lithological  Descriptions,  etc.,  of  259  Specimens  of  the  Huronian 
and  Laurentian  Rocks  of  the  Upper  Peninsula,  by  Alexis  A. 

Julien 1 

“ B.  Catalogue  of  the  Michigan  State  Collection  of  the  Huronian  Rocks 

and  Associated  Ores,  by  T.  B.  Brooks  and  A.  A.  Julien 199 

“ C.  Microscopic  Determinations  and  Descriptions  of  78  .Specimens  of 

Huronian  Rocks  and  Ores,  by  Charles  E.  Wright 213 

“ D.  Relating  to  the  Discovery  of  Iron-ores  by  United  States  Surveyors. . . 233 

“ E.  Notes  on  Rocks  exposed  along  the  shore  of  Lake  Superior  near 

Marquette,  from  MSS.  left  by  Dr.  Houghton 239 

“ F.  Iron-ore  Dock,  with  Illustration  (PI.  XX.),  at  L’Anse,  Mich.,  by 

Jacob  Houghton  and  Charles  H.  Palmer,  Jun 247 

“ G.  Statistics  of  Population  of  the  Upper  Peninsula,  from  the  Census  of 

1870 ’ 251 

“ H.  Magnetic  Analyses  and  Color  of  Powder  of  Marquette  Ores,  by 

F.  B.  Jenney 257 

“ I.  Synopsis  of  the  Mining  Laws  of  Michigan,  by  Charles  D.  Lawton. . . 261 

“ J.  Metallurgical  Qualities  and  Richness  of  Lake  Superior  Ores,  and 

Cost  of  Lake  Freights,  by  H.  B.  Tuttle 277 

“ K.  The  Lamination,  Plication,  and  Faulting  of  Banded  Ore  and  Jasper 

(Mixed  Ore),  with  Illustrations  (Figs.  19  to  29) 283 

Index 293 


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https://archive.org/details/upperpeninsula182186mich 


APPENDIX  A. 


LITHOLOGY. 

BY 


ALEXIS  A.  JULIEN. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

Prefatory  Letter I 

Comparative  Tables  of  Numbers,  I.  and  II 7,  16 

Introduction 19 

Descriptive  Lithology 55 

A.  SIMPLE  ROCKS. 

I.  Calcareous  Rocks. 

Limestone  (No.  101) 19 

Dolomite,  granular  (Nos.  102-106) 19 

“ talco-siliceous  (Nos.  107-113) 19 

II.  Quartzose  Rocks. 

Conglomerate  (Nos.  1 14-122) 20 

Breccia  (Nos.  1 23-125) 20 

Quartzyte  (Nos.  126-143) 21 

Quartz-Schist  (Nos.  144-157) 21 

Siliceous  Schist  (Nos.  158-165) 22 

Jasper-Schist  (Nos.  166-173) 23 

III.  Silicate  Rocks. 

Amphiboly te  (see  under  Dioryte). 

Amphibole-Schist  (see  under  Dioryte). 

Hornblende-Schist  (see  after  Hornblende-Gneiss). 

Anthophyllite-Schist  (Nos.  174-178) 24 

Chloritic  Schist  (Nos.  179-188) 24 

Argillyte  [Greenstone- Ash,  etc.]  (Nos.  189-210) 26 

“ [Laurentian]  (Nos.  187,  188,  and  21 1-220) 26,  40 

“ Slate  (Nos.  221-223) 28,  30 

Talcose  Schist  (Nos.  224-227) 30 

IV.  Iron-ore  Rocks. 

Magnetite-Schist  (Nos.  228-236) 31 

Hematite-Schist  (Nos.  237-244) 32 

Limonite- Schist  (No.  245) 34 

V.  Carbonaceous  Rocks. 

Carbonaceous  Slate  (Nos.  246-251) 34 


VI 11 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

B.  MIXED  CRYSTALLINE  ROCKS. 

OLDER  FELDSPATHIC  ROCKS. 

ORTHOCLASE  ROCKS. 

VI.  Granite  (Nos.  252-254) 34 

PLAGIOCLASE  ROCKS. 

VII.  Gneiss. 

Common  Gneiss  (Nos.  255-260) 35 

Hornblende-Gneiss  (Nos.  261-270) 36 

Hornblende-Schist  (Nos.  271-274) 37 

Chloritic  Gneiss  (Nos.  275-296) 37 

Talcose  Gneiss  (Nos.  297-299). 38 

VIII.  Mica-Schist  (No.  301) 39 

Mica-Slate  (No.  300) 40 

IX.  Greenstones 41 

Dioryte  (Nos.  302-318) 43 

Amphibolyte  (Nos.  319-320) 45 

Magnesian  Dioryte  [Serpentine]  (Nos.  321-323) 46 

Chloritic  Dioryte  (No.  324) 46 

Dioryte- Wacke  (No.  325) 47 

Dioryte-Schist  (Nos.  326-330) 47 

Amphibole-Schist 48 

Dioryte-Greenstone  (Nos.  331-334) 48 

Micaceous  Greenstone-Schist  (Nos.  335-337) 49 

Schalstone  (No.  338) 50 

Aphanyte-Schist  (No.  339) 50 

Chlorite-Potstone  (Nos.  340-341) 50 

X.  Trappean  Dioryte  (Nos.  342-350) 51 

Dioryte- Porphyry  (No.  351) 52 

Dioryte-Wacke  (Nos.  352-353) 52 

YOUNGER  FELDSPATHIC  ROCKS. 

XI.  Dioryte-Aphanyte  (Nos.  354-357) 52 

C.  FRAGMENTAL  ROCKS. 

XII.  Sandstone-Schist  (Nos.  358-360) 55 

Mineralogical  Notes 187 


T.  B.  Brooks, 


State  Geologist  in  Charge  of  Survey  of  Lake  Superior  Iron 
Region : 

Sir — I hereby  submit  my  preliminary  report  on  the  five 
hundred  specimens  from  the  Iron  Region,  selected  by  you 
from  your  large  collection  to  represent  the  lithological  character 
of  the  rocks  and  ores  of  the  Huronian  formation  in  that  dis- 
trict. 

The  subject  of  their  lithology  has  already  been  briefly  and  popu- 
larly treated,  for  the  benefit  of  the  explorer  and  miner,  in  Chapter 
III.  of  your  own  report.* 

However,  you  have  desired  me  to  make — first , a detailed  de- 
scription of  the  same  specimens  ; secondly , a series  of  provisional 
names  ; and  finally , such  a lithological  examination  and  classifica- 
tion as  time  should  permit. 

The  great  number  of  the  specimens — the  variety  and  frequently 
novel  character  of  the  rocks  they  represent — their  commonly  fine- 
grained texture — and  the  short  time  at  my  disposal  for  this  investi- 
gation, have  effectually  precluded  my  report  from  any  claim  to 
being  exhaustive.  So  that  although  over  fifty  microscopic  sections 
have  been  made  and  hastily  examined  of  all  the  principal  fine- 
grained varieties,  and  this  essential  branch  of  the  work  has  not 
been  neglected,  nor  such  chemical  examinations  as  seemed  abso- 
lutely necessary  to  confirm  the  most  doubtful  results  ; all  these  have 
been  only  begun,  and  no  mention  will  be  made  of  them  in  this 
report.  I make  this  omission  the  more  readily,  on  account  of  the 
careful  microscopic  investigation,  on  another  collection,  reported 
in  Appendix  C,  by  Mr.  Charles  E.  Wright,  in  association  with 
Profs.  Kreischer  and  Von  Cotta,  of  Freiburg;  all  interested  in  this 
subject  may  refer  to  that  report,  in  which  are  given,  I believe,  the 


* Vol.  I.,  page  82. 


2 


APPENDIX  A. 


first  published  results  on  microscopic  sections  of  Lake  Superior 
rocks.  With  most  of  the  compact  rocks  I have  been  compelled  to 
rely  mostly  on  their  coarser  transition  varieties,  observed  in  the 
field  during  a visit  to  that  region  in  the  summer  of  1866.  Conse- 
quently the  careful  examination  of  the  microscopic  texture  of  the 
-finer- grained  crystalline  varieties  : the  identification  of  the  minerals, 
which  I will  provisionally  class  under  the  names  Amphibole,  Chlo- 
rite, Mica,  and  Feldspar  : the  determination  of  the  exact  nature 
and  relations  of  the  remarkable  processes  of  alteration  to  which 
these  minerals  have  been  subjected,  and  of  the  interesting  series 
of  transition-rocks,  which  have  been  the  result : and  the  whole  sub- 
ject of  the  origin  both  of  the  rocks  and  ores,  must  be  deferred  to 
some  other  time  and  channel. 

My  present  aim,  therefore,  in  accordance  with  your  expressed 
desire,  is  but  a provisional  one,  viz.,  to  give  a somewhat  popular 
description  of  such  characteristics  of  the  common  varieties  as  may 
be  easily  discerned  (with  a very  few  exceptions)  in  the  field,  with 
the  use  of  such  simple  means  as  a pocket  lens  (loupe),  a knife,  and 
a magnet : and  also  to  propose  a temporary  nomenclature  and 
classification  for  the  present  use  of  your  Report. 

The  descriptions  begin  with  that  characteristic  of  the  fresh  fracture 
— color — which  is  usually  most  quickly  apparent  : and  then  proceed 
with  the  general  hardness,  texture,  and  structure  of  the  rock  : its 
constituent  minerals,  their  physical  characteristics,  and  their  pro- 
portion (approximately  estimated  by  the  eye  in  tenths)  : the  frac- 
ture, streak  (in  a fine-grained  rock),  and  magnetic  character  : the 
joints,  seams,  and  veins  : and  the  nature  of  the  weathered  surface. 
Where  the  depth  of  weathering  is  not  stated,  a merely  superficial 
stain  is  meant.  I have  made  no  determinations  of  specific  gravity, 
on  account  of  the  full  series  given  in  your  Report.  In  regard  to 
nomenclature,  although  anxious  to  avoid  novelty  in  the  present 
inchoate  state  of  my  work  and  of  American  Lithology,  I venture  to 
adopt  entirely  and  throughout  the  changes  in  mineralogical  nomen- 
clature proposed  by  Prof.  J.  D.  Dana  (e.g.  Amphibole  in  place 
of  Hornblende,  Sphalerite  in  place  of  Blende,  etc.)  ; and  also 
his  suggestion* — the  necessity  of  which,  and  of  its  immediate 


System  of  Mineralogy,  page  xxxiv. 


APPENDIX  A. 


3 


adoption,  I believe  every  lithologist  will  approve, — that  the 
termination  yte  should  be  substituted  for  itet  to  distinguish  rocks 
from  minerals,  with  the  exception  of  granite  and  syenite  (and, 

I also  understand,  dolomite).  The  result  of  this  last  change  is 
the  introduction  into  my  report  of  the  unfamiliar  terminations 
of  Quartzyte,  Novaculyte,  Argillyte,  Dioryte,  Amphibolyte,  and 
Aphanyte.  But,  as  generally  happens  in  working  up  a new 
region,  I have  also  been  reluctantly  compelled,  even  for  my  tempo- 
rary object,  to  propose  some  slight  modifications  of  names  long 
accepted  (eg.  Anthophyllite-Schist,  Feldspathic  Argillyte,  Mica- 
ceous Greenstone-Schist,  etc.),  for  the  reasons  stated  in  the  In- 
troduction. The  choice  and  use  of  my  compound  names, 
chiefly  schists,  have  been  founded  on  the  following  principles, 
which  I believe  to  be  generally  admitted,  though  not  always 
consistently  adhered  to.  First — The  generic  name,  of  the  schis- 
tose form  of  a rock  possessing  a distinctive  name,  or  of  a rock 
chiefly  composed  (more  than  half)  of  any  one  mineral,  is  formed 
by  simply  prefixing  the  name  of  the  rock  or  of  the  mineral  to 
the  word  “schist”  ( eg . Dioryte-Schist,  not  Diorytic  Schist,  and 
Chlorite-Schist,  not  Chloritic  Schist).  Secondly — The  name  of 
a variety,  produced  by  a large  proportion  (less  than  half)  of 
another  mineral,  is  distinguished  by  an  adjective  termination  (eg. 
Chloritic  Dioryte-Schist) ; but  when  the  chief  constituents  of  the 
rock  have  not  been  certainly  made  out,  but  one  mineral  imparts 
a distinctive  character,  then  the  name  of  the  latter  is  prefixed, 
with  an  adjective  termination  (eg.  Chloritic  Schist,  Talcose  Schist, 
etc.,  where  the  chief  constituent  may  be  Feldspar,  Quartz,  or  an 
Argillyte). 

In  regard  to  classification,  I have  adopted  in  the  main,  as  at  least 
best  adapted  to  my  present  purpose,  that  system  employed  in  the 
works  on  Petrography,  etc.,  by  Zirkel  and  Credner,  rather  than 
those  of  other  authors.* 


* The  following  are  works  on  Lithology,  etc.,  to  which  references  are  made  in  this 
report  merely  by  the  author’s  name  : 

Bischof,  G.  Chemical  and  Physical  Geology.  3 vols.  London,  1858. 

Blum,  J.  R.  Handbuch  der  Lithologie  oder  Gesteinlehre..  Erlangen,  i860. 

Cotta,  B.  Von.  Rocks  classified  and  described.  Lawrence’s  edition.  London, 
1866. 


4 


APPENDIX  A. 


My  chief  departures  from  that  system  have  been  in  grouping  Am- 
phibolyte  and  Serpentine  under  Dioryte,  Hornblende-Schist  under 
Hornblende-Gneiss,  the  Greenstone-Ashes  together  with  Argillyte, 
and  a series  of  peculiar  rocks  (made  up  of  Feldspar  and  Chlorite) 
under  Dioryte,  because,  in  each  of  these  cases,  the  first-mentioned 
is  certainly  a transition  form  of  the  second. 

The  object  of  the  examination  has  been  purely  the  lithological 
character  of  the  Huronian  rocks  ; but  about  fifty  specimens  are 
also  included  from  a few  classes  of  the  Laurentian  rocks,  especially 
the  Gneisses  and  Mica-Slates,  which  happen  to  be  closely  allied 
in  composition  to  the  Huronian  rocks,  and  intimately  associated 
with  them  on  the  borders  of  the  Marquette  region.  Specimens  are 
also  described  which  represent  a few  boulders  from  unknown  beds 
which  may  yet  be  discovered  in  the  course  of  exploration. 

The  numbers,  from  i to  ioo,  refer  to  the  series  of  which  many 
duplicates,  almost  complete,  have  been  widely  distributed,  of  the 
specimens  of  which  only  brief  descriptions  were  therefore  consid- 
ered necessary,  and  of  which  a table  is  given  in  Appendix  B. 

The  numbers,  ioi  to  360,  refer  to  the  descriptions  given  in  this 
report,  and  are  adopted  throughout  the  chapter  above  mentioned. 
The  specimens  were  furnished  me  from  your  private  collection  of 
over  2,000  specimens,  which  have  an  independent  numbering  ; but 
when  any  of  these,  not  included  in  the  above  360,  shall  be  referred 
to,  they  are  distinguished  by  numbers  which  commence  above  600. 
About  thirty  additional  full  descriptions  have  been  omitted,  and  a 
large  number  of  others  greatly  condensed,  in  order  to  abbreviate 
this  Report.  To  prevent  confusion,  and  also  to  facilitate  reference 


Credner,  H.  Elemente  der  Geologie.  Leipzig,  1872. 

“ “ Article. — “ Die  Vorsilurischen  Gebilde  der  ‘ Oberen  Halbinsel  von  Michi- 

gan’in  Nord-Amerika.”  Zeits.  der  D.  geol.  Gesell.,  XXI.  Band, 
1869. 

Dana,  J.  D.  System  of  Mineralogy.  New  York,  1869. 

Foster  and  Whitney.  Report  on  the  Geology  of  the  L.  S.  Land  District.  Part  II. 
Washington,  1851. 

Jukes,  J.  B.  Student’s  Manual  of  Geology.  Edinburgh,  1862. 

Kenngott,  A.  Elemente  der  Petrographie.  Leipzig,  1868. 

Naumann.  Lehrbuch  der  Geognosie.  Vol.  II.  Leipzig,  1862. 

Senft,  F.  Lehrbuch  der  Mineralien  und  Felsartenkunde.  Jena,  1869. 

Zirkel,  F.  Lehrbuch  der  Petrographie.  2 vols.  Bonn,  1866. 


APPENDIX  A. 


5 

to  any  desirous  to  consult  your  collection,  comparative  tables  of 
both  series  of  numbers  are  also  appended. 

Finally,  I would  call  your  attention  to  the  first  organic  remains 
yet  discovered  in  the  formation — the  imperfect  fucoidal  impres- 
sions which  I have  observed,  in  the  course  of  this  examination,  in 
the  Carbonaceous  Shale  (No.  251)  and  in  Hematite-Ochre  (No.  67). 
They  will  be  hereafter  submitted  to  some  competent  authority  for 
examination.  My  acknowledgments  are  due,  for  the  loan  of 
specimens,  to  Prof.  J.  S.  Newberry,  of  the  School  of  Mines,  Colum- 
bia College,  and  Prof.  M.  W.  Harrington,  of  the  University  of 
Michigan. 

I remain,  very  respectfully, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

Alexis  A.  Julien. 

School  of  Mines,  Columbia  College, 

New  York,  July,  1S73. 


COMPARATIVE  TABLES  OF  NUMBERS. 


I. 


Number. 

Specimen. 

Name. 

IOI 

984 

Ferruginous  Crystalline  Limestone. 

102 

1231 

White  Saccharoidal  Dolomite-Marble. 

103 

1233 

Grayish  Saccharoidal  Dolomite-Marble. 

104 

877 

Fine-grained  Greenish-white  Dolomite. 

105 

1242 

Fine-grained  Gray  Dolomite-Marble. 

106 

795 

Coarse  Red  Dolomite. 

107 

796 

Banded  Dolomite-Marble. 

108 

797 

Rosy  Siliceous  Dolomite. 

109 

798 

Mottled  Dolomite-Marble. 

no 

799 

Talco-Siliceous  Dolomite. 

1 1 1 

800 

808  . 

| Rosy  Talcose  Dolomite. 

1 12 

809 

Mottled  Dolomite. 

1 13 

8ll 

Rosy  Talcose  Dolomite. 

1 14 

688 

Black  Quartz-Conglomerate. 

n5 

715 

Gray  Quartz-Conglomerate. 

1 1 6 

716 

Mottled  Quartz-Conglomerate. 

11 7 

717 

Chloritic  Quartz-Conglomerate. 

718' 

719 

1 18 

720 

> Greenish  Quartz-Conglomerate. 

72 1 1 
727  ) 


* The  numbers  in  the  first  column  are  those  attached  to  the  descriptions,  merely  for 
their  arrangement  in  this  report ; those  from  1 to  100  are  given  in  Appendix  B.  The 
numbers  in  the  second  column  are  those  attached  to  the  specimens  from  the  collection  of 
T.  B.  Brooks ; a few  loaned  from  the  collection  of  the  School  of  Mines,  Columbia  Col- 
lege, by  the  kindness  of  Prof.  J.  S.  Newberry,  have  been  designated  by  the  letter  “ S ”, 
and  a few,  from  my  own  collection,  by  the  letter  “ J 


8 


APPENDIX  A. 


Number. 

Specimen. 

Name. 

I 19 

J- 

Kaolinic  Hematite-Breccia. 

120 

875 

Red  Jasper-Conglomerate. 

1 2 1 

878 

Brown  Jasper-Conglomerate. 

122 

1085 

Micaceous  Conglomerate-Schist. 

123 

693 

Ouartzose  Feldspar-Breccia. 

124 

1487 

Schistose  Jasper-Breccia. 

125 

1490 

Drusy  Jasper-Breccia. 

126 

990 

Grayish-white  Quartzyte. 

127 

991 

Conglomeritic  Feldspathic  Quartzyte. 

128 

803 

Reddish-brown  Quartzyte. 

129 

1251 

Light-brown  Quartzyte. 

130 

1471 

| Flesh-colored  Quartzyte. 

1472 

907 

) 

131 

909 

> Smoky-gray  Quartzyte. 

1243 

) 

132 

1459 

Greenish-gray  Quartzyte. 

133 

812 

Rosy-gray  Quartzyte. 

134 

8l6 

Slaty-gray  Quartzyte. 

135 

1473 

Brownish-gray  Quartzyte. 

136 

1476 

Bluish-gray  Quartzyte. 

137 

901 

Manganiferous  Smoky  Quartzyte. 

138 

939 

977 

| Feldspathic  Quartzyte. 

139 

1478 

Jaspery  Quartzyte. 

140 

1479 

Magnetic  Jaspery  Quartzyte. 

141 

1477 

Chalcedonic  Quartzyte. 

142 

1225 

Reddish  Hematitic  Quartzyte. 

143 

993 

Ochrey  Cellular  Quartzyte. 

144 

902 

Banded  Quartz-Schist. 

145 

903 

Banded  Quartz-Schist. 

146 

1232 

Greenish  Quartz-Schist. 

147 

1092 

Chloritic  Quartz-Schist. 

148 

/ Calcareous  Quartz-Schist. 

802  ) 

149 

891 

Opaline  Quartz-Schist. 

150 

j. 

Talcose  Quartz-Schist. 

151 

734 

Magnetic  Quartz-Schist. 

APPENDIX  A. 


9 


Number. 

Specimen. 

Name. 

152 

740 

Magnetic  Quartz-Schist. 

153 

999 

Magnetic  Quartz-Schist. 

154 

1227 

Hematitic  Quartz-Schist. 

155 

1236 

Hematitic  Quartz-Schist. 

156 

994 

Ferruginous  Quartz-Schist. 

157 

883 

Limonitic  Quartz-Schist. 

1484 1 

158 

1493 

1499 

Green  Banded  Siliceous  Schist. 

1 

1500  J 

159 

1508 

Argillaceous  Siliceous  Slate. 

l60 

806 

Greenish  Siliceous  Schist  (Novaculyte). 

804 

) 

l6l 

00 

0 

0 1 

> Greenish-drab  Siliceous  Slate  (Novaculyte). 

807 

) 

162 

1509 

Banded  Talco- Siliceous  Slate. 

163 

1458 

Ferruginous  Siliceous  Slate. 

I64 

1503 

Ferruginous  Siliceous  Slate. 

165 

747 

Hematitic  Siliceous  Schist. 

166 

1485 

Banded  Jasper-Schist. 

167 

i486 

Banded  Jasper-Schist. 

168 

1491  } 

[ Banded  Jasper-Slate. 

1492  ) 

169 

1510 

Banded  Jasper-Slate. 

170 

1506 

Green  Jasper-Slate. 

171 

690 

Magnetic  Jasper-Slate. 

172 

1480 

Hematitic  Jasper-Schist. 

173 

1488 

Hematitic  Jasper-Schist. 

174 

1088 

Brown  Anthophyllitic  Quartz-Schist. 

175 

1090  } 

1091  J 

Brown  Anthophyllite-Schist. 

1093  \ 

176 

1094  v 

Brown  Anthophyllite-Schist. 

1095  ) 

1 77 

1098 

Brown  Anthophyllite-Schist  (passing  into  Ma; 

III61 
1155  > 

tite-Schist). 

178 

Magnetic  Anthophyllite-Slate. 

10 

APPENDIX  A. 

Number. 

Specimen. 

Name. 

179 

72  9 

Pseudomorphous  Chlorite-Schist. 

180 

730 

Pseudomorphous  Chlorite-Schist. 

l8l 

73i 

Pseudomorphous  Chlorite-Schist. 

182 

820 

Dark-green  Chlorite-Schist. 

183 

828  1 

829  i 

> Green  Calcareous  Chloritic  Schist. 

184 

1097 

Garnetiferous  Chlorite-Schist. 

185 

1130 

Green  Chlorite-Schist. 

186 

1 148 

Porphyritic  Chlorite-Schist. 

IS/ 

1543  1 

1544  ! 

| Chloritic  Feldspathic  Schist. 

188 

1545 

Green  Calcareous  Chloritic  Schist. 

I89 

692 

Micaceous  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

190 

794 

Brown  Chloritic  Argillyte. 

IQI 

810 

Brown  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

192 

814 

Banded  Chloritic  Argillyte. 

193 

815 

Banded  Chloritic  Argillyte. 

194 

881 

Micaceous  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

195 

882 

Greenish-gray  Shale. 

I96 

906 

Siliceous  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

197 

908 
917  > 

Greenish-gray  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

198 

918  | 

919  . 

> Banded  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

920 

199 

921 

922  . 

> Greenish  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

200 

982 

Gray  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

201 

992 

Green  Speckled  Argillyte. 

202 

998 

Brownish-gray  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

203 

IIOI 

Magnetic  Feldspathic  Slate. 

204 

1 102 

Micaceous  Feldspathic  Slate. 

205 

1 109 

Amygdaloidal  Amphibole-Schist. 

206 

1138 

Greenish  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

20  7 

1238 

Micaceous  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

208 

1240 

Chloritic  Argillyte. 

209 

1249 

Chloritic  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

210 

1250 

Micaceous  Siliceous  Slate. 

APPENDIX  A. 


Number.  Specimen.  Name. 

21 1 1368  Iron-gray  Argillaceous  Mica-Slate. 

212  1369  Gray  Feldspathic  Schist  (Siliceous). 

213  l379  Banded  Magnetic  Mica-Slate. 

214  1380  Banded  Magnetic  Siliceous  Schist. 

215  1390  Greenish  Feldspathic  Schist  (Siliceous). 

216  1466  Feldspathic  Siliceous  Schist  (Micaceous) 

217  1467  Feldspathic  Siliceous  Schist  (Micaceous) 

1474  ) 

218  ^ Green  Feldspathic  Schist  (Siliceous). 

219  1523  Decomposed  Chloritic  Schist. 

220  | Green  Feldspathic  Schist  (Siliceous). 

968  *\ 

969  / 

221  970  >Bluish-gray  Argillyte-Slate. 

971  \ 

983/ 

222  ^97$  } Bluish-gray  Argillyte-Slate. 

223  ^979  i Pyritiferous  Argillyte-Slate. 

224  1104  Talcose  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

225  1241  Talcose  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

226  1081  Magnetic  Talc-Schist. 

227  S.  Porphyritic  Talc-Schist. 

228  738  Tabular  Magnetite-Schist. 

229  7 28  Fine-grained  Magnetite-Schist. 

230  1502  Black  Magnetite-Slate. 

231  737  Chloritic  Magnetite-Schist. 

232  733  Chloritic  Magnetite-Schist. 

233  1512  Green  Magnetite-Schist. 

234  7 36  Quartzose  Magnetite-Schist. 

235  1230  Quartzose  Magnetite-Schist. 

236  735  Ochrey  Magnetite-Schist. 

23 7 689  Specular  Iron-Schist. 

238  1234  Quartzose  Hematite-Schist. 

239  I235  Quartzose  Hematite-Schist. 

240  1237  Quartzose  Hematite-Schist. 


12 


APPENDIX  A. 


Number. 

Specimen. 

Name. 

241 

1429 

Ochrey  Quartzose  Hematite-Schist. 

242 

872 

Calcareous  Ochrey  Siliceous  Schist. 

243 

995 

Ochrey  Calcareous  Hematite. 

244 

896 

Kaolinic  Ochre-Schist. 

245 

890 

Brown  Limonite-Schist. 

246 

879 

Carbonaceous  Slate. 

247 

904 

Carbonaceous  Shale. 

248 

880 

Quartzose  Carbonaceous  Shale. 

249 

898 

Quartzose  Carbonaceous  Slate. 

250 

899 

Graphitic  Shale. 

251 

900 

Graphitic  Shale. 

252 

S. 

Coarse  Red  Granite. 

253 

1228 

Ferruginous  Granite. 

254 

74i 

Fine-grained  White  Granite. 

255 

746 

Fine-grained  Black  Gneiss. 

256 

1248,  B. 

Fine-grained  Black  Gneiss. 

257 

1252  | 

1253  * 

► Fine-grained  Grayish-Black  Gneiss. 

935  j 

1 

258 

936 

>-  Coarse  Reddish  Gneiss. 

937  ' 

1 

259 

947 

Grayish-white  Gneiss. 

260 

1548 

Mottled  Gneiss. 

1224  ' 

26l 

1226 

y Black  Hornblende-Gneiss. 

1229  . 

262 

949 

Black  Hornblende-Gneiss. 

263 

742 

Coarse  Altered  Hornblende- Gneiss. 

264 

744 

Altered  Hornblende-Gneiss. 

265 

954 

Altered  Hornblende-Gneiss. 

266 

1086 

Chloritic  Hornblende- Gneiss. 

267 

1087 

Hornblende-Gneiss. 

268 

1361 

Banded  Hornblende-Gneiss  (Epidotic), 

269 

1362  ) 

_ c Chloritic  Hornblende-Gneiss. 

2 70 

1370 

Altered  Hornblende-Gneiss. 

271 

1089 

Black  Hornblende-Schist. 

272 

946 

Chloritic  Hornblende-Schist. 

APPENDIX  A. 


13 


Number. 

Specimen. 

Name. 

273 

948 

Chloritic  Hornblende-Schist. 

274 

950 

Chloritic  Hornblende-Schist. 

275 

1393 

Greenish  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

276 

867 

Chloritic  Gneiss. 

277 

O 

00  00 

!■  Epidotic  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

278 

938 

Chloritic  Gneiss. 

279 

941 

Red  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

280 

942 

Red  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

281 

951 1 

953  ! 

1 Porphyritic  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

282 

952 

Greenish  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

283 

955 

Coarse  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

284 

956 

Fine-grained  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

285 

1128 

White  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

286 

1367 

Fine-grained  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

287 

1375 

Banded  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

288 

1377 

Chloritic  Gneiss. 

289 

1378 

White  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

290 

291 

1381  | 
1383  1 

i39i 

j-  Banded  Chloritic  Gneiss. 
Decomposed  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

292 

1392 

Decomposed  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

293 

1398  j 

1399  ! 

j-  Banded  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

294 

1400 

Red  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

295 

1402 

Chloritic  Gneiss. 

296 

1546  ; 

1547 

j-  White  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

297 

940 

Talcy  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

298 

944 

Talcy  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

299 

945 

Talcy  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

300 

1389 

Brownish-gray  Mica-Slate. 

301 

No.  61. 

Staurolitiferous  Mica-Schist. 

302 

743 

Altered  Porphyritic  Dioryte. 

303 

1103 

Black  Dioryte. 

304 

1244 

Green  Dioryte. 

305 

1246 

Green  Altered  Dioryte. 

APPENDIX  A. 


14 


Number. 

Specimen. 

Name. 

306 

1409 

Black  Porphyritic  Dioryte  (Micaceous). 

307 

1427 

Black  Dioryte. 

308 

1432 

Altered  Porphyritic  Dioryte  (Magnetic) 

309 

1454 

Fine-grained  Gray  Dioryte. 

310 

1498 

Fine-grained  Blackish-green  Dioryte. 

311 

1501 

Fine-grained  Black  Dioryte. 

312 

1504 ; 
1505  ' 

> Greenish  Altered  Dioryte. 

1549 : 

1 

313 

1550 

>•  Fine-grained  Black  Dioryte. 

1551 J 

1 

3H 

1720  ■ 
1721 : 

| Quartzose  Porphyritic  Dioryte. 

315 

1723 

Quartzose  Porphyritic  Dioryte. 

316 

1724) 
1725  i 

► Epidotic  Porphyritic  Dioryte. 

317 

1733 

Porphyritic  Dioryte. 

318 

1734 

Quartzose  Porphyritic  Dioryte. 

319 

J. 

Coarse  Green  Amphibolyte. 

320 

745 

Coarse  Green  Amphibolyte. 

321 

876 

Black  Serpentine. 

322 

1245 

Green  Magnesian  Dioryte  (Serpentine). 

323 

1247 

Black  Magnesian  Dioryte  (Serpentine). 

1530  ] 

1 

324 

to 

>-  Chloritic  Dioryte. 

1539  j 

1 

325 

1428 

Chloritic  Dioryte-Wacke. 

326 

818  j 
823  ! 

>•  Chloritic  Dioryte-Schist. 

327 

1099 

Blackish-green  Dioryte-Schist. 

328 

1384 

Greenish  Dioryte-Schist. 

329 

1385 

Greenish  Dioryte-Schist. 

330 

1401 

Greenish  Dioryte-Schist. 

331 

821 

Calcareous  Dioryte-Greenstone. 

1527  • 

| 

332 

1528 

>■  Fine-grained  Dioryte-Greenstone. 

1529 . 

) 

333 

819 

Epidotic  Dioryte-Greenstone. 

APPENDIX  A. 


15 


Number. 

Specimen. 

Name. 

334 

s. 

Dioryte-Greenstone. 

335 

826 

Micaceous  Greenstone-Schist. 

336 

82  7 

Micaceous  Greenstone-Schist. 

337 

1096 

Micaceous  Greenstone-Schist. 

338 

1 100 

Schalstone. 

339 

824  i 
825 : 

J-  Green  Aphanyte-Schist. 

340 

817 

1494 

Greenish-gray  Chlorite-Potstone. 

) 

34i 

•»  1 

y Green  Chlorite-Potstone. 

1497  > 

1 

342 

884 ; 
885  ! 

t Black  Trappean  Dioryte. 

343 

886 

Black  Trappean  Dioryte. 

344 

888 

Trappean  Dioryte. 

345 

889 

Altered  Trappean  Dioryte. 

346 

905 

Speckled  Trappean  Dioryte. 

347 

912 

Black  Trappean  Dioryte. 

348 

913 

Brown  Trappean  Dioryte. 

349 

915 

Brown  Trappean  Dioryte. 

350 

996] 
997  ! 

j-  Compact  Green  Trappean  Dioryte. 

35i 

911 

Green  Porphyry. 

352 

887 

Brown  Wacke. 

353 

914 

Speckled  Wacke. 

354 

1 no 

Black  Dioryte- Aphanyte. 

355 

1382 

Black  Dioryte-Aphanyte. 

356 

S. 

Black  Dioryte-Aphanyte. 

357 

S. 

Green  Dioryte-Aphanyte. 

358 

732 

Arenaceous  Sandstone-Schist. 

359 

739 

Magnetic  Arenaceous  Sandstone-Schist. 

360 

923 

Chloritic  Sandstone-Schist. 

II. 


This  Table  is  inserted  to  facilitate  reference  to  the  numbers  of 
my  descriptions , given  on  the  right  hand  of  each  pair  of  parallel 
columns , from  the  numbers  of  the  specimens  in  Brooks's  Collection , 
given  consecutively  in  the  left-hand  column. 


Specimen. 

Number. 

Specimen. 

Number. 

Specimen. 

Number. 

Specimen. 

Number. 

688 

I 14 

799 

I IO 

880 

248 

936 

258 

689 

237 

800 

I I I 

88l 

194 

937 

258 

690 

171 

801 

148 

882 

195 

938 

278 

692 

I89 

802 

148 

883 

157 

939 

138 

693 

123 

803 

128 

884 

342 

940 

297 

715 

I 15 

804 

l6l 

885 

342 

94i 

279 

716 

1 1 6 

805 

l6l 

886 

343 

942 

280 

717 

11 7 

806 

160 

I 887 

352 

944 

298 

718 

1 18 

807 

l6  I 

888 

344 

945 

299 

719 

1 18 

808 

I I I 

889 

345 

946 

272 

720 

1 18 

809 

I 12 

890 

245 

947 

259 

721 

1 18 

810 

191 

891 

149 

948 

273 

727 

1 18 

811 

1 13 

896 

244 

949 

262 

728 

229 

812 

133 

898 

249 

950 

274 

729 

179 

814 

192 

899 

250 

95i 

' 281 

730 

180 

815 

193 

1 900 

251. 

952 

282 

73i 

181 

816 

134 

9°  1 

137 

953 

28l 

732 

358 

817 

340 

902 

144 

954 

265 

733 

232 

818 

326 

903 

145 

955 

283 

734 

151 

819 

333 

904 

247 

956 

284 

735 

236 

820 

. 182 

905 

346 

968 

221 

736 

234 

821 

33i 

906 

196 

969 

221 

737 

231 

823 

326 

907 

131 

970 

221 

738 

228 

824 

339 

908 

197 

97i 

221 

739 

359 

825 

339 

909 

131 

974 

222 

740 

152 

826 

335 

9ii 

35i 

975 

222 

74i 

254 

827 

336 

912 

347 

976 

223 

742 

263 

828 

183 

9i3 

348 

977 

138 

743 

302 

829 

183 

9H 

353 

979 

223 

744 

264 

867 

276 

9i5 

349 

982 

200 

745 

320 

870 

277 

917 

198 

983 

221 

746 

255 

872 

242 

918 

198 

984 

101 

747 

165 

874 

277 

9i9 

198 

990 

126 

794 

190 

875 

120 

920 

199 

99i 

127 

795 

106 

876 

321 

921 

199 

992 

201 

796 

107 

877 

104 

922 

199 

993 

143 

797 

108 

878 

121 

923 

360 

994 

156 

798 

109 

879 

246 

935 

258 

995 

243 

APPENDIX  A. 


1 7 


Specimen. 

Number. 

Specimen. 

Number. 

Specimen. 

Number. 

Specimen. 

Number. 

996 

350 

1233 

103 

1398 

293 

1502 

230 

997 

350 

1234 

238 

1399 

293 

1503 

I64 

998 

202 

1235 

239 

1400 

294 

1504 

312 

999 

153 

1236 

155 

1401 

330 

1505 

312 

1081 

226 

1237 

240 

1402 

295 

1506 

170 

1085 

1 22 

1238 

207 

1409 

306 

I 508 

159 

1086 

266 

1240 

208 

1427 

307 

1509 

162 

1087 

267 

1241 

225 

1428 

325 

1510 

169 

1088 

174 

1242 

105 

1429 

241 

1512 

233 

1089 

271 

1243 

131 

1432 

308 

1523 

219 

1090 

175 

1244 

304 

1454 

309 

1527 

332 

1091 

175 

1245 

322 

1458 

I63 

1528 

332 

1092 

147 

1246 

305 

.1459 

132 

1529 

332 

1093 

176 

1247 

323 

1466 

2l6 

1530 

324 

1094 

176 

1248(B) 

256 

1467 

217 

1531 

324 

1095 

176 

1249 

209 

1471 

130 

1532 

324 

1096 

337 

1250 

210 

1472 

130 

1533 

324 

1097 

184 

1251 

129 

1473 

135 

1534 

324 

1098 

1 77 

1252 

257 

1474 

218 

1535 

324 

1099 

327 

1253 

257 

1475 

218 

1536 

324 

1 100 

338 

1361 

268 

1476 

I36 

1537 

324 

1 101 

203 

1362 

269 

1477 

141 

1538 

324 

1 102 

204 

1363 

269 

1478 

139 

1539 

324 

1103 

303 

1367 

286 

1479 

140 

1540 

220 

1 104 

224 

1368 

21 1 

1480 

172 

1541 

220 

1 109 

205 

1369 

212 

1484 

158 

1543 

187 

1 1 10 

354 

1370 

270 

1485 

166 

1544 

187 

1 1 1 6 

178 

1375 

287 

I486 

I67 

1545 

188 

1128 

285 

1377 

288 

1487 

124 

1546 

296 

1130 

185 

1378 

289 

1488 

173 

1547 

296 

1138 

206 

1379 

213 

1490 

125 

1548 

260 

1 148 

186 

1380 

214 

1491 

168 

1549 

313 

H55 

178 

1381 

29O 

1492 

168 

1550 

313 

1224 

261 

1382 

355 

1493 

158 

1551 

313 

1225 

142 

1383 

290 

1494 

341 

1720 

3H 

1226 

261 

1384 

328 

1495 

341 

1721 

314 

1227 

154 

1385 

329 

1496 

341 

1723 

315 

1228 

253 

1389 

300 

1497 

341 

1724 

316 

1229 

261 

1390 

215 

1498 

310 

1725 

316 

1230 

235 

1391 

291 

1499 

158 

1733 

317 

1231 

102 

1392 

292 

1500 

158 

1734 

318 

1232 

146 

1393 

275 

1501 

311 

2 


INTRODUCTION. 


(Note. — The  numbers  from  i to  ioo  are  found  in  Appendix  B.) 

A.  SIMPLE  ROCKS. 

I.  Calcareous  Rocks. 

(See  Vol.  I.,  page  109.) 

Granular  Limestone. — Only  one  specimen  occurs  (No.  101), 
which  is  a grayish-white,  coarsely-granular  limestone,  containing 
very  little  magnesia,  but  intermingled  with  much  Siderite.  The 
concretionary  arrangement  of  the  latter  within  the  grains  of  Calcite 
will  be  further  studied.  Weathers  with  a brownish-red,  roughly- 
pitted  surface. 

Granular  Dolomite. — The  specimens  from  one  locality  represent 
a fine-grained  white  saccharoidal  Marble  (No.  102),  sometimes 
abounding  in  crystals  of  Tremolite  (No.  103).  Weathers  rather 
evenly  to  a yellowish-brown.  A Silurian  variety,  from  Presqu’isle, 
is  of  a grayish-white  color,  and  is  rich  in  particles  of  Serpentine 
(No.  104). 

Talco-Siliceous  Dolomite. — The  purest  form  is  a rare  variety, 
made  up  of  coarse,  cleavable,  red  masses  of  the  pure  mineral 
(No.  11).  After  solution  in  heated  hydrochloric  acid,  the  coloring 
matter  of  the  rock  remains  as  an  insoluble  red  powder  of  very 
small  amount,  whose  composition  has  not  yet  been  determined. 
More  common  varieties  consist  of  alternations  of  reddish-white 
and  brownish-red  Dolomite  (No.  107),  generally  rich  either  in  films 
and  bunches  of  Quartz  (Nos.  9,  66,  and  105),  or  in  flakes  of  Talc 
(No.  106),  or  in  both  (Nos.  in  and  1 1 3),  and  pass  into  a still  com- 
moner form,  in  which  the  two  minerals  are  disseminated  in  thicker 
films  and  layers  (Nos.  no  and  112),  finally  predominating  so  as  to 


20 


APPENDIX  A. 


pass  into  a fine-grained  schistose  Quartzyte,  with  peculiar  cleavage, 
of  feldspathic  appearance  (No.  148).  The  association  in  the  same 
rock  of  two  minerals  of  such  different  hardness  as  Dolomite  and 
Quartz  of  course  produces  a remarkably-ribbed,  weathered  surface, 
the  siliceous  layers  sometimes  projecting  an  inch  or  more,  and 
which  is  very  beautiful  where  the  Quartz  laminations  are  very  thin, 
parallel,  closely  aggregated,  and  bent  into  zigzag  forms  (No.  108). 
The  color  of  the  weathered  surface  is  usually  mottled  with  brown 
and  cream  color.  A rare  variety  occurs,  mottled  with  hard  brown- 
ish-red rhombs  of  Dolomite,  ^ to  y2  inch  across,  and  resembling 
a Feldspar  in  appearance,  abundantly  disseminated  throughout 
both  the  Dolomitic  and  Quartzose  layers,  making  a fine  contrast 
when  the  general  color  is  light,  and  often  projecting  above  the 
weathered  surface  (No.  109).  All  the  limestones  were  examined 
before  the  spectroscope  for  Barium,  Strontium,  Lithium,  etc.,  with- 
out finding  any  trace. 


II.  Quartzose  Rocks. 

Quartz-Conglomerate.—  The  ordinary  varieties  of  this  rock,  which 
is  a coarse  conglomeritic  form  of  Quartzyte,  often  of  a schistose 
structure,  consist  chiefly  of  pebbles  of  all  sizes,  up  to  several 
inches  in  diameter  (1  to  2 feet  at  the  Keystone  Company’s  mine), 
chiefly  of  smoky  and  milky  Quartz,  and  more  rarely  of  Chalcedony 
and  Jasper  (Nos.  114  and  1 1 9) . The  pebbles  often  consist  mostly 
(No.  1 16)  of  soft  white  arenaceous  Quartz,  exactly  like  that  of  No. 
7,  sometimes  intermingled  with  fragments  of  Chlorite-Schist  (No. 

1 1 5),  or  embedded  in  a fine-grained  aggregate  of  Quartz  and  Chlo- 
rite (Nos.  1 17  and  118).  A little  Pyrite  is  almost  always  dissemi- 
nated. In  some  cases  the  matrix  abounds  in  Mica  (No.  51)  or  in 
Mica  and  Micaceous-Iron  (No.  122).  The  weathered  surface  is  un- 
changed in  color,  but  always  greatly  roughened,  where  a softer 
constituent,  like  Chlorite,  has  been  worn  away.  In  a Silurian 
variety  from  Presqu’isle,  the  pebbles  consist  chiefly  of  brownish- 
red  Jasper  (Nos.  120  and  121)  ; weathered  surface  uneven. 

Quartz-Breccia. — This  is  a common  rock,  which  in  general 
consists  chiefly  of  angular  flat  fragments  of  brownish-red  or  of 
greenish  Jasper  (No.  125),  often  having  a schistose  structure  (No. 


APPENDIX  A. 


21 


124),  more  or  less  intermingled  with  similar  fragments  of  smoky 
Quartz  and  Hematite  and  passing  into  a Hematite-Breccia  sufficiently 
rich  for  an  ore  (No.  119).  An  interesting  variety,  from  a boulder, 
is  a Quartzose  Feldspar-Breccia  (No.  123).  Most  of  these  Conglom- 
erates and  Breccias  pass  through  their  finer-grained  varieties 
directly  into  the  ordinary  Quartzytes. 

Quartzyte .* — This  rock  occurs  in  great  variety,  both  as  to  color, 
texture,  and  composition.  The  color  is  generally  light  shades  of 
white,  ranging  through  greenish  (Nos.  21  and  132),  brownish  (Nos. 
8,  129,  and  135),  slaty  (No.  134),  grayish  (No.  126),  reddish 
(Nos.  128  and  130),  bluish  (No.  136),  rosy  (No.  133),  smoky  (Nos. 
131  and  137),  and  purplish  (No.  128)  ; but  sometimes  still  darker, 
even  black  (No.  127).  The  texture  is  rarely  so  compact  as  to  dis- 
guise its  granules  (No.  136),  but  the  latter  are  generally  plainly 
revealed  on  a fresh  fracture  (Nos.  130  and  134),  and  especially  on 
the  weathered  surface  (Nos.  126  and  128).  Though  nearly  always 
composed  of  grayish-white  and  glassy  Quartz,  often  milky  and 
smoky  (No.  135),  some  varieties  consist  chiefly  of  Jasper  and  Chal- 
cedony, with  enough  Magnetite  to  render  them  magnetic  (Nos. 
139,  140,  and  141).  It  is  sometimes  mixed  with  a few  fragments 
of  Feldspar  (Nos.  127,  131,  and  138),  Argillyte  (Nos.  133  and  138), 
Pyrolusite  (No.  137),  Calcite  (Nos.  13 1 and  136),  Talc  (No.  133), 
Magnetite  and  Micaceous-Iron  (Nos.  50  and  142),  Ochre  (Nos.  8, 
128,  135,  and  143),  and  rarely  Hornblende  (No.  127),  Garnet,  Actino- 
lite,  and  Mica  (Nos.  129  and  142),  and  perhaps  Kaolin  (No.  126). 
A little  Pyrite  is  also  commonly  disseminated.  A sub-schistose 
structure  is  often  more  or  less  apparent  (Nos.  130,  132,  and  133), 
passing  into  that  of  the  next  rock. 

When  Talc  is  present  in  some  quantity,  the  rock  sometimes 
graduates  into  Talcose  Schists — as  on  the  Lake  shore  east  of  the 
Chocolate  River.  Weathers  usually  with  only  a superficial  loss  of 
lustre  and  a little  lighter  color,  the  constituent  grains  being  some- 
times brought  out  prettily  by  the  glacial  polish.  See  also  Nos. 
1027,  1029,  1041,  1042,  and  1056  of  Appendix  C. 

Quartz- Schist. f — A very  common  rock,  of  finer  grain  than  most 


* See  Vol.  I.,  page  106. 


f See  Vol.  I.,  page  97. 


22 


APPENDIX  A. 


of  the  Quartzytes,  and  with  less  variations  in  color.  Some  varieties 
are  banded  and  contain  a little  Ochre  and  Pyrolusite  (Nos.  144  and 
145),  while  others  contain  a green  mineral,  as  yet  undetermined 
(No.  146),  Semi-Opal  and  Pyrolusite  (No.  149),  Dolomite,  as  stated 
in  connection  with  the  calcareous  rocks  (No.  148),  Talc  (Nos.  74 
and  150),  and  Garnets  (No.  23).  A peculiar  variety  (No.  147) 
seems  to  be  a pseudomorphous  aggregate  of  arenaceous  Quartz, 
Chlorite,  and  Mica,  with  a brown  mineral.  Most  commonly,  how- 
ever, the  schistose  structure  is  produced  by  a greater  or  less  inter- 
mixture of  Magnetite  (Nos.  15,  19,  23,  and  52),  or  of  Micaceous- 
Iron,  often  in  triangular  scales  (Nos.  32,  33,  36,  and  37),  or  of  Mag- 
netite and  Micaceous-Iron,  in  which  either  the  former  predominates 
(Nos.  1 5 1,  152,  and  153),  or  the  latter  (Nos.  16,  154,  and  155),  asso- 
ciated with  a little  Mica  or  Chlorite  : and  in  other  cases  of  Limonite 
(No.  26),  of  Limonite-Ochre  (No.  157),  or  of  Calcite,  Hematite,  and 
Limonite-Ochre  (Nos.  57  and  156),  or  Talc  (No.  74).  By  the  pre- 
dominance of  such  minerals,  all  these  varieties  pass  into  the  Iron 
ores.  Compare  Nos.  1040  and  1069,  and  Nos.  1045,  1064,  1066, 
1075,  and  1076,  of  Appendix  C.  No.  16  is  a Micaceous-Iron  Quartz- 
Schist,  which  passes  into  a Mica-Schist  containing  Feldspar,  and  is 
therefore  allied  to  Itabirite  ; but  it  differs  from  that  rock  in  the  con- 
centration of  the  Micaceous-Iron  in  somewhat  parallel  films  or  seams, 
in  the  predominance  of  the  Quartz,  and  in  the  absence  of  the  various 
minerals  which  are  necessary  (Specular-Iron  and  Magnetite)  or  ac- 
cessory (Talc,  Chlorite,  Actinolite,  etc.)  constituents  of  Itabirite. 
An  Ochrey  Quartz-Schist,  of  very  cellular  structure,  also  occurs  at 
the  Foster  mine,  in  which  the  chief  constituent — Quartz — is  almost 
entirely  stalactitic,  and  the  cavities  are  lined  or  filled  with  more  or 
less  Ochre  of  coppery  color  and  lustre.  When  chiefly  Quartzose, 
weathers  like  Quartzyte,  the  laminae  being  rendered  more  distinct 
by  the  glacial  polish  ; when  partially  made  up  of  laminae  of  other 
minerals,  weathers  unevenly  and  often  to  darker  or  ochrey  shades 
of  color.  See  also  Nos.  1035  and  1078  of  Appendix  C. 

Siliceous  Schist. — Many  varieties  of  this  rock  occur,  whose  colors 
vary  from  white,  drab  (No.  164),  green  (Nos.  158,  160,  161),  brown 
(No.  159),  and  iron-gray  (No.  165),  to  black  (No.  163).  The 
structure  is  sometimes  slaty  (Nos.  163  and  164),  often  banded  (Nos. 
158,  159,  161,  162,  and  165),  and  sometimes  characterized  by  a 


APPENDIX  A . 


23 


peculiarly  sharp  rhombohedral  cleavage  (No.  163).  Its  composi- 
tion and  physical  properties  are  varied  by  the  presence  of  Limonite 
(No.  163),  Mica  and  Chlorite  (Nos.  158  and  164),  or  Talc,  and  in 
the  last  case  becomes  a Novaculyte  (Nos.  13,  160,  and  161),  or 
passes,  by  alternating  layers,  through  No.  162  into  Talcose  Schist, 
through  No.  139  into  Argillyte,  and  through  No.  165  into  Hema- 
tite-Schist. Weathers  smoothly  (except  when  a softer  mineral  is 
present)  to  a rather  darker  brownish  shade  ; the  chloritic  variety 
( e.g . that  which  occurs  near  Lake  Fairbanks)  weathers,  to  the 
depth  of  several  inches  from  the  surface,  and  along  the  fissures,  to  a 
deep  reddish-brown.  A peculiar  variety  occurs  at  Presqu’isle  (No. 
242),  which  is  intermingled  and  colored  with  Ochre,  and  traversed 
by  an  abundance  of  thin  reticulating  seams  of  Calcite. 

Jasper- Schist. — This,  the  finest-grained  form  of  the  Quartzose 
rocks,  is  a common  and  abundant  accompaniment  of  the  ores,  and 
varies  in  texture  from  the  coarse  Conglomerates  (Nos.  120  and  121) 
and  Breccias  (No.  125)  already  mentioned,  to  the  crypto-crystalline 
schists  described  below.  A rare  form  is  a thinly  laminated  green 
slate  (No.  170)  ; but  the  structure  is  generally  banded,  and  the 
colors  consist  of  alternating  stripes  of  brownish-red,  gray,  green, 
brown,  yellow,  and  black  (Nos.  166,  167,  168,  169,  1 7 1 , 172,  and 
173).  It  sometimes  contains  a little  Mica  (Nos.  170  and  172),  Go- 
thite  (No.  168),  Chlorite  (No.  169),  and  Magnetite  (No.  17 1)  ; but 
the  most  common  form  consists  of  alternations  of  bluish-black 
crystalline  Hematite  (Martite)  and  brownish-red  Jasper,  associated 
sometimes  with  a little  Ochre  and  Kaolin  (Nos.  172  and  173). 
Weathers  smoothly  and  unchanged  in  color,  but  layers  containing 
a ferruginous  mineral  become  darkened  in  color  and  sometimes 
more  deeply  worn. 


III.  Silicate  Rocks. 

Amphiboly te. — (See  under  Dioryte.) 

Amphibole- Schist. — (See  under  Dioryte.) 

Hornblende- Schist . — (See  after  Hornblende-Gneiss.) 


24 


APPENDIX  A. 


Anthophyllite- Schist .* — This  is  a form  of  Quartz-Schist,  through 
which  is  disseminated  an  abundance  of  a brownish-gray  hydrous 
mineral,  in  tiny  silvery  scales  or  fibrous  blades,  first  identified  by 
Prof.  G.  J.  Brush  as  Anthophyllite,  and  of  which  I have  made  no 
examination.  The  Quartz  sometimes  predominates  (No.  174),  but 
usually  the  Anthophyllite  (Nos.  175  and  176).  Magnetite  is  almost 
always  present,  either  generally  dispersed  in  minute  granules  (No. 
174),  or  especially  gathered  into  certain  laminae  (Nos.  27,  175,  and 
176),  or  into  thicker  alternating  layers  (No.  177),  so  that  the  rock 
becomes  strongly  magnetic  (Nos.  177  and  178),  and  passes  into  an 
ore  of  Magnetite,  associated  with  much  Pyrolusite,  which  im- 
parts to  the  rock  a metallic  streak  (No.  59).  A little  Hematite- 
Ochre  is  also  disseminated  through  these  latter  varieties  (No.  58). 
Weathers  unevenly  to  a reddish-brown,  or,  when  rich  in  Pyrolusite, 
to  a blackish-brown,  slightly  shining.  See  also  Nos.  1027,  1032, 
1033,  and  1037,  of  Appendix  C. 

Chloritic  Schist. f — This  rock  is  developed  in  great  abundance 
and  with  several  interesting  varieties.  Its  color  is  usually  olive- 
to  blackish-green  ; its  texture  is  very  fine-grained  ; and  its  schis- 
tose structure  sometimes  approaches  that  of  a slate,  and  is  some- 
times distinct  only  on  a large  scale.  Five  marked  varieties  occur, 
which  may  be  distinguished  by  their  apparent  origin. 

First. — Chlorite-Schist,  derived  from  Hornblende-  or  Actinolite- 
Schist  by  alteration  (Nos.  179,  180,  181,  and  perhaps  184  and 
185).  Streak  light-green  to  greenish-gray.  Consists  chiefly  of 
minute  scales  of  Chlorite  ; is  sometimes  filled  with  Garnets  (Nos. 
179  and  184),  has  generally  much  Magnetite  disseminated  in  octa- 
hedra,  which  are  often  altered  into  Chlorite  (No.  179.  See  Bischof  s 
Chem.  and  Phys.  Geology , London,  1 8 5 5 > Vol.  II.,  p.  409)  or 
Martite  (No.  1 8 5)§,  and  sometimes  still  retains  the  blades  of  Am- 
phibole,  more  or  less  altered  (No.  180).  A highly  quartzose  va- 
riety (No.  76)  may  fall  within  this  division.  Its  deep  green 
color,  feeble  lamination,  and  granular  structure  (produced  by 
the  tiny  scales  of  Chlorite,  inclined  in  all  directions,  of  which 
it  chiefly  consists)  sufficiently  distinguish  this  from  the  succeeding 
varieties. 


* See  Vol.  I.,  page  114.  \ See  Vol.  I.,  page  104. 

§ See  also  Credner,  Article,  page  545. 


APPENDIX  A. 


25 


Secondly. — Chloritic  Schist,  derived  from  Chloritic  Dioryte-Schist, 
through  Aphanyte-Schist,  by  the  increased  proportion  of  Chlorite 
(Nos.  182  and  183).  Streak  greenish-white.  Consists  chiefly  of 
Feldspar,  with  rather  less  Chlorite,  and  is  always  traversed  by 
Calcite  in  more  or  less  abundant  films  and  seams.  It  may  generally 
be  distinguished  by  its  geological  association,  by  its  light  color  and 
streak  (due  to  the  predominance  of  Feldspar),  and  by  its  aphanitic 
texture  and  somewhat  irregular  scaly  cleavage.  See  also  Nos. 
1015  and  1026  of  Appendix  C. 

Thirdly. — Chloritic  Schist,  produced  in  Greenstone-Ash  or  Ar- 
gillyte,  by  the  increased  proportion  of  Chlorite  (No.  188).  Streak 
generally  greenish-white.  Consists  chiefly  of  Feldspar,  and  gen- 
erally contains  Calcite.  It  can  generally  be  distinguished  from  the 
other  kinds  by  the  transition  varieties  (Nos.  28,  208,  and  219), 
which  pass  into  the  Greenstone-Ashes,  by  its  parallel  lamination, 
dark  color,  and  the  frequent  isolation  but  parallel  arrangement  of 
its  scales  of  Chlorite. 

Fourthly. — Chloritic  Schist,  produced  in  Chloritic  Gneiss  by  the 
increased  proportion  of  Chlorite  (Nos.  186  and  187).  Streak  green- 
ish-gray. Consists  of  about  equal  quantities  of  Feldspar,  Chlorite, 
and  Quartz.  The  Quartz  may  generally  be  distinguished  by  the  lens, 
but  the  chief  difference  between  this  kind  and  the  three  foregoing 
consists  in  the  isolation  and  greater  size  of  the  individuals  of  Feld- 
spar, so  as  to  frequently  produce  a porphyritic  structure  (No. 
186). 

Fifthly. — Chloritic  Schist,  produced  in  Argillyte  by  the  presence 
of  a small  quantity  of  Chlorite  (see  Nos.  10,  190,  191,  192,  193, 
etc.,  under  Feldspathic  Argillyte,  with  which  they  are  most  nearly 
connected).  This  class  may  very  possibly  consist  only  of  aphanitic 
varieties  of  the  First  and  Third.  One  form,  which  occurs  in  great 
abundance  North  of  Teal  Lake  and  elsewhere,  seems  to  be  an  in- 
durated rock  derived  from  Chloritic  Schist  by  alteration,  exhibiting 
a coarsely  schistose  structure  on  a large  scale,  containing  a little 
Talc  (in  tiny  shining  scales)  and  filled  with  the  irregular  cracks  due 
to  contraction  (largely  occupied  by  Calcite). 

By  the  decomposition  of  all  these  varieties  of  the  Fifth  class,  and 
the  further  oxidation  of  the  Ferrous  Oxide,  the  color  partially  or 
entirely  passes  into  reddish-brown,  and  the  rock  graduates  into  a 
mottled  Chloritic  Argillyte,  an  Ochrey  Argillyte,  and  ochrey 


26 


APPENDIX  A. 


schists,  in  which  the  more  compact  and  softer  portions  sometimes 
consist  of  Red  Chalk.  All  these  varieties  may  be  best  studied  at 
Kimball’s  Cut,  on  the  Peninsular  Railroad. 

Weathers  unevenly  to  shades  of  reddish-brown,  often  mottled 
with  greenish.  See  also  Nos.  1028,  1030,  1038,  and  1052,  of  Ap- 
pendix C. 

Argillyte  * (Greenstone- Ash,  etc.). — The  fine-grained  schistose 
rocks  or  slates,  evidently  metamorphic  forms  of  mechanical  de- 
posits (Argillaceous,  Chloritic,  Talcose,  Feldspathic,  and  Siliceous 
schists),  are  very  largely  developed  and  with  many  varieties.  They 
are  naturally  divided  into  two  great  groups,  Huronian  and  Lauren- 
tian,  including  many  similar  varieties.  The  latter  are  evidently 
deposits  derived  from  the  erosion  of  the  Laurentian  Gneisses,  etc., 
and  their  discussion  will  be  taken  up  further  on  under  the  heading 
of  Mica-Slates,  although  their  descriptions  (Nos.  187,  188,  and  21 1 
to  220)  are  mostly  arranged  in  association  with  the  others. 

The  former  group,  or  Huronian,  will  be  alone  discussed  here. 
They  are  evidently  derived  from  the  erosion  of  diorytic  rocks,  and 
are  apparently  identical  with  the  fine-grained  forms  of  Greenstone- 
Ash  (Jukes,  pages  68,  81,  and  323),  or  Greenstone-Tuff  (Cotta, 
page  310,  and  Zirkel,  II.,  page  535,  the  latter  including  only  the 
European  form,  derived  from  Diabase- Greenstone). 

The  less  alterable  constituent  of  the  Diorytes,  Feldspar,  of  course 
predominates  in  most  of  the  rocks,  revealing  itself  in  chemical  anal- 
ysis by  the  presence  of  a notable  quantity  of  the  alkalies,  and  on 
microscopic  examination  of  a section,  in  exceedingly  abundant, 
irregular,  and  somewhat  angular  particles  ; but  it  has  often  subse- 
quently been  decomposed  in  a greater  or  less  degree  into  Kaolin. 
The  other  constituent,  Amphibole,  seems  to  be  of  such  a character 
as  very  rarely  to  resist  decomposition,  and  its  fragments  have 
almost  always  passed  into  Chlorite  or  Mica,  or  have  been  resolved 
into  its  elements,  Silica,  Ferric  Oxide,  etc.  The  accessory 
minerals  of  the  Diorytes,  Quartz,  Mica,  Chlorite,  and  Talc,  seem 
to  have  generally  passed  unchanged  into  these  deposits  ; the 
Magnetite  has  been  gathered,  through  its  greater  Specific  Gravity, 
into  an  iron-sand,  and  has  thus  been  concentrated  into  certain  beds, 


See  Vol.  1.,  page  hi. 


APPENDIX  A. 


27 

layers,  or  laminae  ; while  the  Pyrite  has  probably  been  generally 
decomposed  and  diffused  in  the  form  of  ochre. 

The  result  has  been  a series  of  rocks,  whose  exact  constitution 
can  of  course  be  only  determined  by  a thorough  microscopic  and 
chemical  investigation,  which  I have  as  yet  only  begun.  These  I 
will  now  divide  into  three  classes,  in  which  the  material  is  made  up 
respectively  of  Feldspar,  of  Amphibole  or  Chlorite,  or  of  amorphous 
substances  derived  from  the  decomposition  of  these  minerals. 

First , a schistose  rock,  mainly  composed  of  particles  of  Feldspar, 
but  little  altered,  with  varying  quantities  of  Mica,  Chlorite,  Talc, 
Quartz,  etc.  This  is  very  abundant,  and  has  generally  been  called 
Clay-Slate  or  Argillyte  ; but  as  its  chief  component  seems  to  have 
been  a feldspathic  rather  than  ordinary  clay,  I have  called  it  Feld- 
spathic  Argillyte.  Its  chief  characteristics  are  its  peculiar  fusibility, 
light  color,  and,  I presume,  its  content  of  the  alkalies.  (Nos.  19 7, 
198,  199,  etc.) 

The  following  varieties  are  produced  by  the  decomposition  of  the 
Feldspar,  and  by  the  presence  of  one  of  the  accessory  minerals  in 
such  proportion  or  method  of  concentration  or  arrangement  as  to 
render  it  conspicuous. 

Argillyte , or  Shale , a slaty  or  shaly  form  of  the  preceding,  in 
which  the  Feldspar  seems  to  have  been  mostly  converted  into 
Kaolin  ; so  that  the  fresh  fracture  yields  an  argillaceous  odor,  when 
moistened,  and  clings  to  the  tongue.  It  is  distinguished  by  these 
clayey  characteristics,  and,  I presume,  by  containing  but  little 
of  the  alkalies,  and  therefore  seems  to  be  a normal  Clay-Slate  or 
Argillyte. 

Siliceous  Feldspathic  Argillyte,  a schist  to  which  the  particles  of 
Quartz  impart  a peculiar  hardness  and  the  streak  partly  consists  of  a 
metallic  abrasion  from  the  knife  ; it  sometimes  passes  into  a kind  of 
Siliceous  Slate , in  which  the  Quartz  seems  to  predominate  above 
the  Feldspar,  while  the  slaty  structure  is  produced  by  the  Mica. 
The  presence  of  the  latter  mineral,  and  a slight  fusibility,  distinguish 
this  Siliceous  Schist  from  that  associated  with  the  Quartzytes. 

Micaceous  Feldspathic  Argillyte  (or,  as  above,  Micaceous  Siliceous 
Slate),  passing  into  Feldspathic  or  Argillaceous  Mica- Slate , with 


28 


APPENDIX  A. 


the  increased  proportion  of  Mica.  It  is  distinguished  from  the 
Laurentian  Mica-Slates,  described  further  on,  by  the  much  smaller 
content  of  Mica,  in  this  rock,  and  its  distribution  in  minute  isolated 
scales,  and  by  the  siliceous  character  of  the  Laurentian  variety. 

Chloritic  Feldspathic  Argillyte,  or  Chloritic  Argillyte  (see  Zirkel, 
II.,  p.  599i  Blum,  pp.  77  and  227;  Kenngott,  p.  205  ; and  Nau- 
mann,  p.  544)-  This  includes  the  fifth  variety  of  Chloritic  Schist , 
already  described  under  that  heading,  and  passes  into  the  Chlorite- 
Schist  of  the  Second  Class.  It  differs  from  the  other  varieties  in  its 
greenish  color,  and  sometimes  the  scales  of  Chlorite  are  distinct. 
Its  color  is  of  a darker  green  than  that  of  the  similar  Laurentian 
rock. 

Talcose  Feldspathic  Argillyte  (see  Zirkel,  I.,  p.  318  ; Kenngott, 
p.  205  ; and  Naumann,  p.  544),  a rare  variety,  distinguished  by  its 
soapy  feel,  but  in  which  the  Talc  never  predominates. 

Magnetic  Feldspathic  Slate , sufficiently  distinguished  by  its  mag- 
netic character,  and  which  closely  approaches  a Laurentian  variety. 

Secondly , a schistose,  often  slaty  rock,  derived  from  the  erosion 
of  Diorytes  rich  in  Amphibole — but  which  rarely  retains  any  large 
quantity  of  particles  preserving  the  form  of  that  mineral — which 
may  be  called  an  Amphibole- Schist  (No.  205). 

Generally  the  Amphibole  survives  only  in  the  form  of  Chlorite, 
associated  with  an  abundance  of  particles  of  Quartz,  and  so  this 
class  includes  the  first  and  third  varieties  of  Chlorite-Schist , already 
described  under  that  heading  (Nos.  179,  180,  208,  219,  etc.). 

Thirdly , Argillyte- SI  ate  (Nos.  221,  222,  and  223),  the  typical 
“roofing-slate,”  whose  constitution  appears  to  be  generally  amor- 
phous, even  under  the  microscope,  and  which  in  most  cases  is 
probably  made  up  of  the  ruins  of  the  minerals  of  the  preceding  two 
classes.  However,  it  often  retains  a sufficient  quantity  of  these 
minerals  unaltered  as  to  be  divided  into  Actinolitic,  Feldspathic 
(light-colored),  or  Chloritic  (greenish)  varieties.  The  name  “ Ar- 
gillyte ” is  ordinarily  taken  to  imply  a schistose  structure,  but  for 
its  slate  lithologists  employ  either  an  additional  name,  “ Clay 


APPENDIX  A. 


29 


Slate  ” (Thonschiefer),  which  however  seems  to  be  used  in  English 
very  loosely,  or  the  popular  term  “ roofing-slate, ” whose  objec- 
tionable character  is  apparent.  In  the  hope  to  simplify  the  matter, 
I propose,  with  the  approval  of  Prof.  Dana,  the  latinized  transla- 
tion of  Thonschiefer — Argillyte-Slate — as  a slight  but  sufficient  dis- 
tinction, for  the  purposes  of  this  Report. 

Feldspathic  Argillyte  and  Chlorite-Schist. — On  account  of  the 
greenish  color  of  the  Feldspar,  as  well  as  of  the  Chlorite,  of  which 
the  schists  of  the  first  two  classes  are  composed,  their  color  is  in 
most  cases  a shade  of  greenish-gray  ; but  in  others,  the  color  is 
grayish-white,  grayish-green  (Nos.  201,  206,  and  209),  brown  and 
yellow  (Nos.  190,  191,  192,  and  193),  cast-iron  gray  (No.  200), 
blackish-gray  (Nos.  203  and  204),  and  grayish-black  (No.  205). 
The  texture  is  almost  always  crypto-crystalline,  but  the  materials 
can  often  be  distinguished  by  means  of  a lens,  and  are  occasionally 
so  coarse  as  to  reveal  the  striated  facets  of  Feldspar  (No.  196),  or 
the  scales  of  Mica  (No.  207,  etc.)  distinctly  to  the  eye.  The 
structure  is  in  almost  all  cases  imperfectly  schistose.  It  is  also 
often  minutely  streaked  or  banded  (No.  189,  etc.),  in  conse- 
quence of  a fibrous  cleavage  (Cotta,  page  255).  Occasionally  an 
amygdaloidal  structure  occurs  (No.  205).  The  composition  seems 
generally  to  consist  chiefly  of  Feldspar  (No.  206,  etc.),  which  some- 
times may  be  partly  decomposed  into  Kaolin  (No.  195).  With  the 
Feldspar  a brownish-gray  Mica  is  generally  associated,  sometimes 
white,  silvery-gray,  and  black,  usually  in  minute  disseminated  scales 
(No.  210),  which  sometimes  are  very  abundant  (No.  207).  Granules 
of  Quartz  are  sometimes  associated  with  the  Feldspar  (Nos.  204, 
208,  209,  and  210),  or  are  gathered  into  separate  layers  alternating 
with  Argillyte,  and  making  a transition  form  (No.  159).  Chlorite 
often  replaces  the  Mica,  either  partially  (No.  208)  or  entirely  (Nos. 
28,  190,  192,  193,  and  199),  being  sometimes  present  in  such  quan- 
tity as  to  produce  a Chloritic  Schist.  (Compare  Nos.  1039,  1068, 
and  1072  of  Appendix  C.)  When  the  Chlorite  is  decomposed, 
another  brown  variety  results,  which  strongly  resembles  a coarse 
Clay-Slate  in  odor  when  moistened,  etc.,  but  which  contains  in  place 
of  Alumina  a considerable  proportion  of  Hematite-Ochre  (Nos.  190, 
191,  192,  193,  and  199).  A very  little  Talc  also  occurs  in  a few 
rare  varieties  (No.  201) — one  of  which  contains  a sufficient  quantity 


30 


APPENDIX  A. 


to  be  called  a Talcose  Schist  (No.  225) — and  also  in  association  with 
Chlorite  (Nos.  190  and  192).  A common  transition  variety,  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Chocolate  River,  is  a Talco-Argillaceous  Slate, 
with  siliceous  bunches,  which  passes  by  the  predominance  of  any 
one  of  its  constituents  into  a Talcose,  an  Argillaceous,  ora  Siliceous 
Schist.  Magnetite  is  disseminated  through  a few  varieties  (Nos. 
55,  203,  and  204).  Micaceous-Iron  sometimes  replaces  the  scales 
of  Mica,  either  partially  or  wholly  (No.  206).  Pyrite  and  Calcite 
(No.  194)  are  also  very  generally  disseminated,  in  minute  particles 
and  films,  and  one  variety  (from  a boulder)  contains  many  small 
bunches  of  Siderite  (No.  189).  Weathers  evenly  and  without 
change  of  color,  but,  in  the  common  chloritic  varieties,  more  or 
less  unevenly  to  brownish  shades. 

Argillyte-Slate.—  Its  color  is  the  usual  blackish-gray,  inclining  to 
bluish  and  to  greenish  (Nos.  221  and  222);  seems  to  be  chiefly 
composed  of  Quartz,  Feldspar,  and  Mica  ; and  is  sometimes  filled 
with  particles  and  films  of  Pyrite  (No.  223).  It  is  connected  through 
the  imperfectly  schistose  varieties  (Nos.  221  and  222)  with  the 
Feldspathic  Argillytes.  Weathers  rather  evenly  to  a lighter  color. 

Talcose  Schist. — The  scarcity  of  Talc  in  the  rocks  of  this  region, 
and  especially  of  its  concentration  in  beds,  makes  this  rock  of  rare 
occurrence.  Two  kinds  occur,  the  Feldspathic  (already  described) 
and  Quartzose.  In  addition  to  the  usual  greenish-gray  variety  of 
the  first  (No.  225),  mentioned  under  Feldspathic  Argillyte,  the  color 
is  sometimes  grayish-green  (No.  53),  or  brownish-gray  (No.  54). 
Other  varieties  occur,  which  differ  chiefly  in  the  dissemination  of 
Magnetite  (Nos.  54  and  226),  or  Hematite-Ochre  (No.  227)  : in  the 
last  case  porphyritic  with  Feldspar  crystals.  All  these  consist  chiefly 
of  triclinic  Feldspar*  and  Talc,  in  various  proportions,  the  Talc 
rarely  amounting  to  half.  The  most  common  form  of  the  Quartzose 
variety  is  a Siliceous  Schist  permeated  with  Talc  in  minute  scales — 
Novaculyte  (Nos.  13,  160,  and  161).  A transition  form  is  made  up 
of  alternating  talcose  and  siliceous  layers  (No.  162).  A rarer  and 


* Credner  (Article,  pages  529  and  553)  considers  it  Orthoclase,  in  a Menominee 
variety,  and  indeed  finds  that  feldspar  also  in  a Huronian  Chlorite-Schist  (page  539) — 
both  which  cases  seem  to  me  doubtful. 


APPENDIX  A. 


31 


coarser  variety  is  a thinly  laminated  white  Quartzose  Slate,  made 
up  of  laminae  and  scales  of  Quartz  and  white  Talc  (No.  74),  or  of 
Jasper  and  Talc  (near  E.  Section  line  in  S.  E.  y of  N.  E.  y of 
Section  23,  T.  47,  R.  26) : sometimes  passing  into  a talcy  Quartzyte 
(N.  W.  y of  N.  W.  y of  S.  24,  T.  47,  R.  26,  and  near  mouth  of 
Chocolate  River,  etc.),  or  into  a Talcy  Quartz-Schist  (No.  150) ; and 
sometimes,  by  an  intermixture  of  Quartz  pebbles,  into  a Con- 
glomeritic  Talc-Schist  or  a Talcose  Conglomerate  (N.  side  of  Lake 
Palmer)  ; or,  by  an  intermixture  of  pebbles  of  Dioryte-Greenstone, 
into  a Talcose  (perhaps  Chloritic  ?)  Greenstone-Conglomerate  (S. 
W.  y of  S.  W.  y of  S.  I,  T.  47,  R.  27). — See  Vol.  I.,  page  99  : 
also  Cotta,  page  310. 

By  an  intermixture  of  Feldspar  with  the  Talcose  Quartz-Con- 
glomerate above  mentioned  (N.  side  of  Lake  Palmer),  a Talcy 
Conglomeritic  Gneiss  is  produced,  or,  with  the  Talcy  Quartz- 
Schist,  a Talcose-Gneiss  (“  Protogine  Gneiss  ”),  or  Talcy  Chloritic 
Gneiss,  in  considerable  beds ; but  this  is  merely  a local  develop- 
ment, and  the  rounded  grains  or  pebbles  generally  distinguish 
these  Huronian  varieties  from  the  allied  Laurentian  gneisses  de- 
scribed further  on. 

Steatite  is  said  to  occur  at  a locality  north  of  Teal  Lake,  but 
there  is  no  specimen  in  this  collection. 

The  Talc-Schists  weather  rather  unevenly  to  darker  shades  of 
brown. 


IV.  Iron-Ore  Rocks. 

(See  also  Vol.  I..  page  85.) 

The  collection  does  not  include  any  great  variety  of  these  rocks, 
most  of  which  are  lithologically  identical  with  the  similar  ores 
from  other  regions  ; but  the  specimens  have  apparently  been 
selected  rather  from  those  which  represent  the  local  characteristics, 
and  to  these  only  the  following  remarks  will  be  specially  devoted. 

Magnetite- Schist. — The  color  of  these  rocks  is  usually  bluish- 
black  (No.  738),  sometimes  grayish-black  (No.  39),  or  brownish- 
black  (Nos.  40,  41,  and  42),  often  having  a greenish  shade  by  the 
presence  of  Chlorite  (No.  233),  or  mottled  by  grayish-white  Quartz 
(No.  234).  The  lustre  is  generally  much  less,  and  the  texture  of  a 


32 


APPENDIX  A. 


much  finer  grain,  than  in  the  ores  from  the  Adirondack  region  of 
New  York,  Northern  New  Jersey,  etc.,  but  the  granules  are  more 
perfectly  octahedral,  even  in  the  ores  of  steely  compactness. 

A crypto-crystalline,  dull  variety  also  occurs  (No.  230).  A 
schistose  structure  is  in  consequence  strongly  defined  in  most 
cases,  and  sometimes  becomes  tabular  or  slaty  (No.  228).  Films 
of  Chlorite  are  often  disseminated  (Nos.  42,  43,  231,  and  232)  : a 
Mica,  allied  to  Chlorite,  more  rarely  (Nos.  15,  233,  and  235)  : in 
one  case,  Garnet  (No.  23) : and  very  commonly,  Quartz,  in  bunches 
or  alternating  laminae,  and  thus  passing  into  Quartzyte  (Nos.  234 
and  235),  or  Quartz-Schist  (Nos.  19,  23,  and  52).  But  the  greatest 
peculiarity  depends  upon  the  extensive  process  of  alteration  to 
which  most  of  the  original  magnetic  ores  have  been  subjected,  and 
the  result  is  shown  in  a series  of  transition  varieties  between  Mag- 
netite and  Hematite.  The  present  beds  of  compact  Magnetite  have 
been  thus  affected  only  in  a small  degree,  though  many  varieties 
of  Hematite  show  evidences  of  this  method  of  origin  (Nos.  2,  5, 
43,  46,  and  49) — as  in  the  “red  ore”  of  the  Washington  mine 
(a  mixture  of  the  two  ores),  and  in  the  iridescent  seams  and  in  the 
chloride  films  which  traverse  the  Magnetite  beds  at  the  same  mine. 
The  chief  alteration  has  taken  place  in  the  more  common  schists, 
made  up  of  thin  alternations  of  fine-grained  Magnetite  with  Quartz 
(Nos.  1 5 1 , 152,  and  153),  or  Jasper  (No.  171)  : the  ferruginous 
layers  being  chiefly  (Nos.  238,  239,  and  240),  or  wholly  (Nos.  172 
and  173)  composed  of  Martite  (Dana’s  System  of  Mineralogy,  No. 
180,  A)  when  associated  with  Jasper,  and  of  Micaceous-Iron  (Nos. 
16,  33,  38,  50,  and  142),  when  associated  with  Quartz  (see  also 
under  Quartz-Schist).  Hematite-Ochre  is  sometimes  dispersed  in 
small  quantity  (No.  236)  ; and  a rare  variety  is  made  up  of  thin 
alternating  laminae  of  Actinolite  and  Magnetite  (No.  17.  See  also 
Nos.  1032,  1033,  1034,  1037,  1057,  1058,  and  1061,  of  Appendix 
C).  The  association  with  Anthophyllite  has  already  been  referred 
to,  under  the  Anthophyllite-Schists  (Nos.  174,  175,  1 77,  and  59)  ; 
and  also  the  association  with  Feldspathic  Argillyte,  under  that 
head  ; in  both  cases  only  lean,  worthless  ores  being  produced. 
Weathers  rather  evenly  to  lighter,  usually  brownish  shades.  (See 
also  Nos.  1044,  1054,  and  1059  of  Appendix  C.) 

Hematite- Schist. — This  ore  presents  the  characteristics  and  varie- 


APPENDIX  A. 


33 


ties  usual  in  other  regions  of  America.  They  may  be  arranged  as 
follows,  in  reference  to  crystalline  condition. 

First.  An  Ochrey  Hematite-Schist  (Nos.  35  and  67),  sometimes 
containing  much  Pyrolusite,  Quartz,  and  Kaolin  (Nos.  24  and  25), 
and  often  disintegrated  into  gravel  (No.  34).  Peculiar  varieties 
occur  (Nos.  25  and  34),  sometimes  rich  in  Quartz  and  Calcite  (Nos. 
242  and  243),  or  in  Kaolin  (No.  244).  Compare  No.  1074  of  Ap- 
pendix C. 

Secondly.  A Compact  Hematite-Schist,  having  a feeble  lustre 
(Nos.  5 and  68),  and  sometimes  containing  Kaolin  (No.  44).  In 
other  cases  it  contains  many  octahedra  of  Martite  (No.  5),  or  Mag- 
netite, being  a transition  variety  (No.  43)  from  a Magnetite-Schist. 

Thirdly.  A Specular-Iron  Schist,  with  decided  lustre  (Nos.  6,  38, 
45>  47)  and  237),  made  up  of  thin  scales  and  laminae  of  shining 
Specular-Iron  and  of  minute  granules  of  Quartz.  Dispersed  crystals 
of  Martite  (No.  48),  or  decomposed  Garnets  (No.  6),  sometimes 
produce  the  so-called  “ Birdseye  ore.” 

Fourthly.  A Micaceous-Iron  Schist,  with  high  lustre  (No.  46). 
This  also  sometimes  contains  octahedra  of  Martite  or  Magnetite 
(No.  49)- 

Fifthly.  A fine-grained  Martite-Schist,  made  up  almost  entirely 
of  that  mineral  with  a little  Quartz  and  Kaolin  (No.  2).  See  also 
No.  1060  of  Appendix  C. 

With  these  are  associated  two  common  transition  varieties  of 
Quartz  and  Jasper-Schist,  called  “ lean  ores.”  The  one  is  produced 
by  the  alternation  of  layers  of  Micaceous-Iron  and  Quartz,  the  latter 
usually  predominating  largely,  so  as  to  produce  a Quartz-Schist 
(Nos.  1 6,  32,  33,  36,  and  37).  Magnetite  is  generally  associated 
with  the  Micaceous-Iron,  and  sometimes  the  former  predominates 
(Nos.  1 51,  152,  and  153),  and  sometimes  the  latter  (Nos.  16,  154,  and 
1 55).  together  with  a little  Mica.  The  other  transition  variety  is 
made  up  of  layers  of  crystalline  bluish-black  Martite,  alternating  with 
others  of  brownish-red  Jasper  (Nos.  172  and  173),  or  of  grayish- 
white  Quartz  (Nos.  238,  239,  and  240),  which  passes  through  a tran- 
sition variety  (No.  241)  into  the  ochrey  schists.  A rather  infre- 
quent variety,  by  which  this  rock  is  connected  with  the  Quartz- 
Breccias,  is  a Hematite-Breccia,  sometimes  abounding  in  Kaolin 
(No.  1 19)  and  generally  schistose,  as  at  the  Jackson  mine  and  on 
the  north  side  of  Moss  Mountain.  Weathers  unevenly  to  reddish-, 
3 


34 


APPENDIX  A. 


yellowish-,  and  blackish-brown.  See  also  Nos.  1046,  1050,  1067, 
1070,  1071,  and  1073,  of  Appendix  C. 

Limonit e- Schist . — This  ore  (No.  245)  is  not  usually  developed  to 
any  great  extent,  and  its  varieties  and  mammillary  concretions 
resemble  those  from  the  other  Iron  regions.  A little  Gothite  and 
Turgite  are  associated  with  it  in  a few  localities.  It  is  connected 
with  Quartzyte  and  the  Quartz-Schists  through  the  banded  tran- 
sition varieties  (Nos.  26,  57,  and  157),  made  up  of  alternations 
of  Limonite  and  Quartz.  Weathers  smoothly,  with  a surface  cov- 
ered with  Ochre. 


V.  Carbonaceous  Rocks. 

(See  Vol.  I.,  page  1 1 5. ) 

These  slates  and  shales  (Nos.  246  and  247),  which  are  of 
rare  occurrence  and  little  variety,  have  usually  a grayish  or  brown- 
ish-black color,  dull  lustre,  and  fine-grained  texture  ; are  usually 
so  soft  as  to  soil  paper  ; receive  a high  polish  by  friction  ; and 
sometimes  contain  much  Quartz  and  Ochre,  and  a little  Mica,  in 
veins  and  seams  (Nos.  248  and  249).  The  Carbon  seems  to  consti- 
tute only  a small  part  of  the  rock,  and  more  rarely  some  of  it  occurs 
in  bright  films  of  Graphite,  so  as  to  produce  a Graphitic  Shale  (Nos. 
250  and  251).  Weathers  smoothly  and  without  change  of  color, 
graphitic  laminae  assuming  a polish.  See  also  No.  1036  of  Appen- 
dix C. 


B.  MIXED  CRYSTALLINE  ROCKS. 

OLDER  FELDSPATHIC  ROCKS. 

ORTHOCLASE  ROCKS. 

VI.  Granite. 

This  abundant  rock  in  the  Laurentian  region  is  barely  repre- 
sented in  the  collection,  and  the  only  typical  variety  (No.  252)  is  a 
very  coarse  aggregate  of  Orthoclase  and  Quartz,  with  a very  little 
Mica  ; by  the  disappearance  of  the  latter,  varieties  of  Pegmatite  and 
Graphic  Granite  are  produced,  in  considerable  abundance.  Two 


APPENDIX  A. 


35 


Huronian  specimens  are  included  in  this  group,  merely  for  tempo- 
rary convenience.  The  one  (No.  253)  is  from  a dyke  through  a 
bed  of  Iron-ore,  and  consists  of  Feldspar  (perhaps  Orthoclase), 
Quartz,  and  Micaceous-Iron  in  place  of  Mica  ; thus  corresponding 
to  the  “ Eisen  Granit  ” of  German  Lithology.  The  other  (No. 
254)  is  a fine-grained  rock,  which  is  chiefly  made  up  of  a triclinic 
Feldspar,  and  may  very  probably  turn  out  to  be  a variety  of  the 
Gneiss  of  similar  composition  described  below. 


PLAGIOCLASE  ROCKS. 

Under  this  name,  adopted  by  Breithaupt  for  the  group  of  triclinic 
Feldspars,  it  seems  best  at  present  to  follow  Credner  in  classifying 
the  Gneisses  and  Greenstones  of  this  region. 


VII.  Gneiss. 

Common  Gneiss. — This  is  a very  abundant  Laurentian  rock,  and 
is  here  represented  by  a very  few  varieties.  Its  color  generally  in- 
clines to  black,  when  its  Mica  is  prominent  (Nos.  255,  256,  and 
257)  ; and  sometimes  to  reddish  (No.  258)  or  grayish-white  (No. 
259),  by  the  predominance  of  its  Feldspar.  Its  texture  is  rather 
fine-grained,  the  grains  rarely  exceeding  ^ inch  in  diameter,  and 
its  structure  sometimes  approaches  a slate  (No.  257).  The  Feld- 
spar has  almost  always  a good  cleavage  and  lustre  ; many  of  its 
facets  are  minutely  striated  ; its  general  color  is  grayish-white,  be- 
coming reddish-brown  by  incipient  decomposition  (No.  258)  ; 
occurs  sometimes  in  small  crystals  (Nos.  258  and  259)  ; and  it 
amounts  to  from  4 to  7 parts  (tenths)  of  the  rock.  The  Quartz  is 
generally  grayish-white  and  smoky,  in  still  smaller  grains,  and 
amounts  to  from  2 to  5 parts.  The  Mica  is  generally  black  or 
blackish-brown,  but  is  rendered  soft  and  yields  a greenish-gray 
streak  by  incipient  decomposition  (No.  258),  and  amounts  to  from 
1 to  4 parts.  Pyrite  is  universally  disseminated  in  small  quantity 
(No.  256).  Epidote  occurs  in  one  specimen  (No.  259),  and  Chlorite 
(No.  257).  A peculiar  and  very  coarse  variety  (No.  7)  seems  to 
be  rich  in  Orthoclase.  Weathers  evenly  to  a lighter  color,  usually 
reddish-gray. 


36 


APPENDIX  A. 


Hornblende- Gneiss. — This  abundant  Laurentian  rock  is  repre- 
sented by  only  2 specimens  from  a Huronian  locality  (Nos.  266  and 
267).  It  is  composed  of  the  same  minerals  as  the  Gneiss  just 
described,  with  the  substitution,  in  the  unaltered  specimens,  of 
greenish-black  Amphibole  in  place  of  Mica.  Its  general  color  is 
blackish-green, — dull,  in  the  Huronian  variety,  or  sparkling,  in 
the  Laurentian, — more  or  less  speckled  (especially  in  the  Laurentian) 
with  grayish-white,  according  to  the  amount  of  Feldspar.  Its  tex- 
ture is  usually  rather  fine-grained — few  of  the  granules,  scales,  etc., 
exceeding  ^ inch  ; but  coarser  layers  are  common,  in  which  the 
diameter  of  the  grains  reaches  ^ to  ^ inch.  The  structure  is  al- 
ways decidedly  schistose,  often  banded  by  the  lighter-colored  coarser 
layers  (Nos.  263,  264,  and  270),  and  becomes  fissile  by  the  presence 
and  increase  of  scales  of  Mica  and  Chlorite.  The  Feldspar  is  exactly 
like  that  of  the  common  Gneiss  just  described,  very  rarely  greenish- 
white  in  color,  does  not  often  assume  the  reddish  tinge  by  incipient 
decomposition  (Nos.  264  and  270),  and  makes  up  from  1 (No.  266) 
to  6 parts  of  the  rock  (No.  265) ; it  especially  predominates  in  the 
Laurentian  variety,  and  is  at  once  distinguishable,  on  a fresh  frac- 
ture, while,  in  the  Huronian,  it  is  obscured  by  the  Amphibole.  The 
Quartz  makes  up  from  2 to  6 parts  of  the  rock,  and  is  often  ar- 
ranged in  parallel  flakes  (No.  266).  The  Amphibole  makes  up 
from  2 to  5 parts,  and  has  been  subjected  to  a process  of  alteration, 
whose  several  stages  are  well  illustrated  in  this  Collection  (see  es- 
pecially Nos.  261  and  269),  and  show  that  the  micaceous  gneisses 
have  been,  at  least  sometimes,  and  the  chloritic  gneisses  perhaps  al- 
ways, derived  from  this  rock.  It  very  rarely,  especially  in  the  Huro- 
nian variety,  retains  its  normal  hardness,  structure,  color,  and  streak 
(Nos.  261,  262,  and  267)  ; but  the  blades  become  soft  to  the  knife, 
with  a greenish-gray  streak  (Nos.  265  and  268),  assume  a blackish- 
green  color,  yellowish-green  translucency,  and  scaly  structure  (No. 
269),  pass  into  blackish-green  scales  of  Chlorite,  which  often  still 
retain  the  fibrous  structure  (No.  266),  and  finally  into  scales  of  a 
harder  Mica,  which  sometimes  are  greenish-black  (No.  265),  brown- 
ish-black (No.  263),  black  (No.  264),  and  grayish-white  (Nos.  264 
and  266)  : a Mica  of  two  of  these  colors  being  often  intermingled 
in  the  same  specimen  (No.  264).  A little  Pyrite  is  disseminated 
throughout  this  rock  in  minute  particles  (Nos.  262,  267,  etc.).  Epi- 
dote  abounds  in  the  more  altered  varieties  (Nos.  263,  264,  and  268), 


APPENDIX  A. 


37 


often  in  grains  inch  across  ; and  sometimes  the  presence  of 
Calcite  is  shown  by  the  effervescence  of  the  rock  when  immersed  in 
acid  (No.  268).  The  weathered  surface  is  generally  even  though 
rough,  and,  in  the  Laurentian  variety,  of  a lighter  color,  reddish  or 
brownish  (Feldspar),  while  in  the  Huronian  it  is  often  mottled  with 
blackish-green  (Amphibole).  This  rock  may  possibly  be  related  to 
some  of  the  Specimens,  Nos.  1019,  1020,  10^1,  1022,  1023,  and 
1029,  of  Appendix  C. 

Hornblende-Schist. — A less  common  variety  of  the  preceding 
rock,  represented  by  specimens  from  both  a Huronian  and  a Lauren- 
tian locality.  It  is  generally  fine-grained  (Nos.  271,  272,  and  273), 
sometimes  coarse  (No.  274),  is  chiefly  composed  of  Hornblende, 
almost  always  effervesces  slightly  in  acid,  and  contains  a little 
Chlorite,  especially  in  the  Laurentian  variety.  Only  one  variety 
occurs  in  this  collection  which  has  been  derived  from  or  is  related 
to  any  other  rock — a Greenstone-Ash  (No.  205) — but  I shall  refer, 
under  Dioryte,  to  a variety  I have  frequently  observed  in  the 
field,  derived  from  that  rock.  Weathers  unevenly,  with  a surface 
mottled  with  brown  and  green. 

Chloritic  Giieiss. — This  exclusively  Laurentian  rock  has  evidently 
resulted  by  the  complete  disappearance  of  the  Hornblende  from  the 
preceding.  Its  color  is  generally  greenish-gray  (Nos.  276,  278, 
282,  etc.),  or  grayish-white  (Nos.  285,  288,  289,  etc.),  often  brown- 
ish-red, by  the  decomposition  of  its  Feldspar  (Nos.  279,  280,  294, 
etc.),  and  sometimes  reddish-white  (Nos.  80  and  291),  olive-green 
(No.  269,  Sp.  1362),  or  greenish-black  (No.  287).  Its  texture  varies 
from  very  fine-grained  (Nos.  284,  287,  290,  etc.),  to  coarse  (Nos. 
280,  283,  etc.).  Its  structure  is  decidedly  schistose  when  the  Micas 
are  abundant  (Nos.  278,  295,  etc.),  and  also  when,  in  other  varieties, 
the  Quartz  occurs  in  parallel  flakes,  but  quite  massive  in  their 
absence  (Nos.  280,  285,  and  289),  and  is  sometimes  banded  (Nos. 
290  and  293)  or  porphyritic  (No.  281). 

The  Feldspar  is  the  chief  constituent,  being  generally  greenish- 
white  (Nos.  279  and  280),  reddish  (Nos.  8 and  282),  or  grayish-white 
(No.  281),  sometimes  light-brown  (No.  3)  ; has  almost  always  good 
cleavage,  lustre,  and  distinct  striation,  but  is  sometimes  milky- 
white  and  amorphous  (No.  288) ; and  occurs  generally  in  minute 


38 


APPENDIX  A. 


granules,  often  T*g-  to  -J  inch  in  diameter,  but  sometimes  J to  \ inch 
or  even  I inch  (Nos.  280,  281,  283,  and  288).  The  Quartz  varies  in 
amount  from  1 part,  when  it  can  be  distinguished  with  difficulty 
(No.  279),  to  2 or  3 parts,  sometimes  occurring  in  bunches  \ inch 
across  (No.  280),  but  more  commonly  in  thin  parallel  equidistant 
flakes,  which  appear  on  the  section  as  abundant  lines,  about  \ to  \ 
inch  long,  -N  inch  thick,  and  about  i to  J inch  apart.  The  mica- 
ceous constituent  is  either  a greenish-black  or  brown  (No.  284),  or 
grayish-white  Mica  (Nos.  276  and  279),  generally  softened,  so  as  to 
cut  with  nearly  the  softness  of  Chlorite,  or  it  consists  of  the  latter 
mineral  in  scales,  sometimes  fibrous  (No.  279),  or  in  films  (Nos.  2 76 
and  282),  amounting  to  nearly  3 parts  (No.  281),  or  almost  dis- 
appearing from  the  rock.  Epidote  generally  replaces  the  Chlorite 
in  the  last  case,  sometimes  being  present  to  the  extent  of  2 or  3 
parts  (Nos.  277  and  290,  Specimen  1383),  and  very  commonly  dis- 
seminated in  small  quantity  (Nos.  281,  288,  etc.),  sometimes  in 
transparent  crystals  (No.  296).  A peculiar  fine-grained  Greenstone 
occurs  as  a broad  vein  in  this  rock,  which  consists  of  Feldspar, 
Chlorite,  and  about  3 parts  of  Epidote  (No.  2 77,  note).  The  Chlorite 
is  sometimes  partly  decomposed  into  a brownish-yellow  Ochre  (No. 
291),  or  is  entirely  replaced  by  it  (No.  292).  Seams  of  Calcite  often 
traverse  the  rock  (Nos.  278,  279,  and  284) ; and  a little  Pyrite  is 
commonly  disseminated  (No.  287,  etc.).  Weathers  to  the  depth  of 

to  ^ inch,  with  an  even  surface,  generally  roughened  by  the 
greater  erosion  of  the  Chlorite,  with  a lighter  and  duller  shade  of  the 
same  color  as  the  fresh  fracture,  or  inclining  to  brownish. 

Talcose  Gneiss. — In  a rare  variety  of  the  preceding  Laurentian 
rock,  a greenish  form  of  Talc  seems  to  replace  a part  (Nos.  297, 
298,  and  299),  or  all  (No.  65),  of  the  Chlorite  in  the  green  films, 
being  distinguished  by  its  lighter-colored  silvery  scales,  greenish- 
white  streak,  and  more  greasy  feel.  It  is  possible  that  future  ex- 
ploration may  show  that  this  variety  is  far  more  abundant  than 
would  appear  from  its  representation  in  this  collection  and  from  my 
own  limited  examinations  of  the  borders  of  the  Huronian  region, 
where  the  Chloritic  Gneiss  abounds. 

The  greasy  feel  of  many  varieties,  classed  under  Chloritic  Gneiss, 
also  suggests  a magnesian  constituent — perhaps  Talc,  in  many  or 
possibly  in  all  cases.  But  at  present  it  seems  an  accidental  and 


APPENDIX  A. 


39 


rare  form,  and  for  that  reason  alone  it  seems  unwise  to  adopt  the 
name  “ Protogine-Gneiss,”  which  has  sometimes  been  applied  to 
this  rock  as  well  as  to  the  preceding.  It  is  further  to  be  considered 
that  the  name  Protogine  is  etymologically  objectionable,  especially 
if  used  beyond  the  region  in  which  it  originated ; and  that  although 
its  micaceous  constituent,  like  that  of  the  rock  under  discussion,  is 
either  a decomposed  Mica,  Talc,  Chlorite,  or  related  mineral,  the 
Talc  seems  to  be  its  most  characteristic  feature.  I have  therefore 
adopted  for  the  preceding  rock  the  name  Chloritic  Gneiss — used  by 
Zirkel,  Blum,  Credner,  and  Roth, — and  for  this  variety  the  names 
of  Talcose  Gneiss  and  Talcy  Chloritic  Gneiss.* 

By  the  disappearance  of  the  Chlorite  and  Talc  in  the  preceding 
two  rocks,  a variety  of  Pegmatite  is  sometimes  produced  ( e.g . near 
Collinsville),  but  which  is  generally  easily  distinguished  from  the 
Granitic  Pegmatite,  already  referred  to,  by  its  gneissoid  structure, 
and  often  by  the  presence  of  the  parallel  lenticular  flakes  of  Quartz. 

In  the  vicinity  of  Lake  Palmer  there  occur  several  forms  of  a 
Huronian  Talcose  Schist,  which  graduate  into  a Talcose  and  Talcy 
Chloritic  Gneiss,  entirely  distinct  from  the  above  Laurentian  rocks. 


VIII.  Mica  Schist. 

(See  Vol.  I.,  page  113.) 

This  abundant  Huronian  rock,  of  which  Formation  XIX.  chiefly 
consists  (No.  301),  is  entirely  made  up  of  small  scales  of  brownish  or 
brownish-black  Mica,  and  tiny  granules  of  grayish-white  Quartz  ; the 
former  inclining  to  bend  round  the  tiny  bunches  of  Quartz  and 
crystals  of  Staurolite,  etc.,  and  so  producing  a decidedly  bunchy 
structure  ; the  Quartz  generally  predominating,  sometimes  to  such  a 
degree  as  to  produce  almost  a micaceous  Quartzyte.  The  Quartz  is 
also  often  isolated  in  seams  and  bunches  ; sometimes  an  abundance 
of  small  Garnets,  of  scales  of  Chlorite,  or  blades  of  black  Hornblende, 
occurs  in  seams  or  distributed  through  certain  layers  ; and  else- 
where the  rock  is  remarkable  for  the  small  crystals  of  blackish- 
brown  Staurolite,  the  larger  but  imperfect  crystals  or  crystalline 


* Credner  in  his  Article  (loc.  cit.,  pages  520-524)  mentions  similar  varieties  as  oc- 
curring on  the  Menominee. 


40 


APPENDIX  A. 


masses  of  fibrous,  pink  Andalusite,  or  both,  disseminated  in  consid- 
erable abundance  throughout.  See  also  Nos.  1030  and  1031  of 
Appendix  C.  Weathered  surface  lighter  in  color,  by  the  bleach- 
ing of  the  Mica.  Again,  one  variety  of  the  micaceous  Greenstone- 
Schist,  derived  from  the  alteration  of  a Huronian  Dioryte,  seems  to 
be  so  rich  in  black  and  brown  Mica  as  to  have  been  sometimes 
styled  a Mica-Schist  (at  Republic  Mountain). 

Mica-Slate. — A large  and  important  group  of  Laurentian  Schists, 
temporarily  styled  “Gogebic  Schists”  by  Messrs.  Brooks  and 
Pumpelly  in  the  course  of  their  survey  (on  account  of  their  abun- 
dance in  the  vicinity  of  the  lake  of  that  name),  are  intimately  allied  to 
the  Huronian  Argillytes,  Chloritic  Schists,  etc.,  but  have  apparently 
been  derived  from  the  mechanical  erosion  of  the  Laurentian  Gneisses. 
Feldspar  is  never  so  prominent  a constituent  as  in  their  Huronian 
allies,  and  often  disappears  ; but,  on  the  other  hand,  Mica  and 
Quartz  generally  predominate,  frequently  attended  with  a slaty 
structure.  The  texture  of  the  rocks  is  generally  rather  coarser  than 
in  the  Huronian,  so  that  even  the  lustre  and  cleavage  of  the  Feld- 
spar may  be  generally  distinguished  by  means  of  a loupe.  The 
ordinary  varieties  are  as  follows  : 

Feldspathic  Argillyte  ; coarser  than  the  Huronian;  sometimes 
Chloritic  (No.  187)  and  always  Siliceous  (Nos.  187  and  218),  and  so 
passing  into 

Siliceous  Schist ; generally  Feldspathic  (Nos.  212,  215,  and  220), 
and  also  decidedly  Micaceous  (Nos.  216  and  217),  and  rarely  Mag- 
netic (No.  214). 

Mica-Slate  ; a micaceous  variety  of  the  Feldspathic  Argillyte  (No. 
300).  In  regard  to  this  as  well  as  its  Huronian  ally,  as  the  scales 
of  Mica  are  small,  and  as  it  is  “a  shining  slaty  rock,  smooth  in 
surface,  intermediate  between  Mica-Schist  and  Clay-Slate,”  I prefer 
this  name,  “ Mica-Slate,”  recently  proposed  for  a similar  rock  by 
Prof.  J.  D.  Dana  (Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  2,  iv.,  Nov.,  1872).  An  argil- 
laceous form  of  the  same  rock  occurs  (No.  21 1),  and  also  a siliceous 
form,  rich  in  Magnetite  (No.  213). 

Chloritic  Schist  (No.  219);  sometimes  rich  in  Calcite  (No.  188). 


APPENDIX  A. 


4 


Finally,  although  the  Hornblende-Schists  already  described  (after 
the  Hornblende-Gneisses),  are  probably  in  most  cases  produced  only 
by  a predominance  of  Hornblende  in  the  latter  rock,  others  may 
hereafter  be  found  which  are  fragmentary  deposits,  and  belong  to 
the  present  group  (No.  215). 

The  rocks  of  this  Laurentian  group  of  Schists  can  be  generally 
distinguished  from  the  Huronian  by  the  following  characteristics  : 
A slightly  coarser  texture,  with  distinguishable  particles  #f  Feld- 
spar : the  abundance  of  Mica,  and  its  concentration  in  continuous 
films,  with  the  consequent  inclination  to  a slaty  structure  (although 
the  Huronian  varieties,  Nos.  204  and  210,  are  similar):  the  almost 
universal  presence  of  particles  of  Quartz,  making  the  fresh  surface 
slightly  harder  to  the  knife,  with  a partially  metallic  streak  by 
abrasion  (although  the  Huronian  varieties,  Nos.  196  and  210,  are 
similar)  : and  the  method  of  weathering,  which  in  the  Huronian 
Argillytes  generally  produces  a surface  which  is  smooth,  darker 
than  the  fresh  fracture,  and  colored  by  brownish  Ochre,  from  the 
decomposition  of  Chlorite,  while  in  the  Laurentian  the  surface  is 
generally  lighter  colored  (except  in  the  rare  chloritic  varieties),  and 
slightly  roughened,  by  the  weathering  out  of  the  Mica  and  projec- 
tion of  minute  particles  of  Feldspar  or  of  flakes  of  Quartz. 


IX.  Greenstones. 

(See  also  Vol.  I.,  page  99,  and  Appendix  E in  this  Volume.) 

This  is  one  of  the  largest  and  most  varied  classes  of  rocks  in  the 
Huronian  region  ; but  the  commonly  fine-grained  and  often  crypto- 
crystalline texture  demands  a careful  microscopic  investigation, 
which  I have  had  as  yet  only  enough  time  to  begin.  For  the  same 
reason  no  analyses  have  yet  been  made  of  the  constituent  minerals 
— the  Feldspar  and  Amphibole — although  a few  varieties  are  suf- 
ficiently coarse  for  their  mechanical  separation  and  determination 
in  this  way.  Their  descriptions,  therefore,  and  the  following  classi- 
fication, are  offered  only  as  a provisional  attempt. 

Certain  Greenstones  occur  throughout  this  region,  interstratified 
with  the  ore-beds  in  great  abundance  (as  in  the  vicinity  of  Negau- 
nee) — whose  texture  is  fine-grained,  often  nearly  compact — which 


42 


APPENDIX  A. 


are  of  indistinct  constitution,  but  contain  a notable  quantity  of  Mag- 
netite and  Chlorite,  and  are  thereby  colored  a dark  greenish-gray, 
and  which  effervesce  slightly  in  acids.  For  these  reasons,  and  per- 
haps also  because  the  dichromatic  power  of  their  Amphibole  crystals 
is  often  very  feeble,  in  a microscopic  section  they  greatly  resemble 
the  Diabase  of  Europe,  and  have  been  called  by  that  name.  From 
my  observations  in  the  field  and  the  extensive  collection  I have 
had  thetopportunity  to  examine,  I can  hardly  believe  that  any  other 
rock  but  this  can  occur  in  the  Iron  region  to  which  Credner  has  ap- 
plied the  name  (Elemente  der  Geologie,  pages  276  and  282-285). 
This  would  be  applicable  if  used,  as  by  Dana,  for  “ a fine-grained, 
compact  hornblende-rock,  tough  and  heavy,”  but  most  authors 
(Credner,  Zirkel,  etc.)  define  it  to  consist  of  Labradorite  and 
Augite  as  the  chief  constituents.  As  will  be  explained  below,  I 
consider  all  these  Greenstones  to  have  been  derived  from  the  altera- 
tion of  Diorytes,  and,  although  compelled  at  present  to  rely  more 
on  ordinary  observations  in  the  field  than  on  microscopic  investiga- 
tion, I am  decidedly  of  opinion  that  no  Augite  occurs  in  these  rocks 
(not  even  perhaps  as  an  accessory  mineral),  and  that  there  is  no 
Diabase  whatever  in  this  region.  See  also,  in  this  connection,  Nos. 
1012  and  1025  of  Appendix  C. 

The  massive  varieties  of  Dioryte  will  first  be  given,  and  then 
the  schistose — which  are  usually  the  more  altered.  In  regard  to 
the  Huronian  Diorytes,  even  when  massive,  there  is  as  yet  no 
method  of  determining  (though  the  study  of  microscopic  sections 
may  possibly  reveal  it)  whether  any  given  Dioryte  belongs  to 
the  original  source  of  the  present  Greenstone- Ashes  (i.e.  the 
present  Argillytes,  Chloritic  Schists,  etc.)  or  is  an  indurated  form 
of  these  more  recent  fragmentary  rocks.  There  is  reason  to  sus- 
pect that  No.  210  may  belong  to  the  latter  class,  from  its  charac- 
teristics and  from  its  association  with  certain  Huronian  Chloritic 
Schists  ; but,  on  the  other  hand,  all  the  schistose  forms  of  the 
Huronian  Diorytes,  which  are  of  course  more  open  to  this  sus- 
picion (see  Jukes,  pages  82  and  323),  seem  to  have  derived  their 
schistose  structure  from  the  scales  of  Mica  and  films  of  Chlorite 
produced  by  the  process  of  alteration.  Furthermore,  there  are 
Laurentian  varieties,  sometimes  massive  (No.  324)  and  sometimes 
schistose  (No.  329),  which  may  owe  their  origin  to  the  induration 
of  the  Ashes  of  the  Laurentian  Gneisses,  etc. 


APPENDIX  A. 


43 


Dioryte. — This  occurs  both  as  a Laurentian  and  as  a Huronian 
rock,  but  in  the  latter  case  in  great  abundance  and  in  several 
varieties.  The  most  typical  and  beautiful  is  that  represented  by 
Nos.  314  to  318,  while  several  are  of  doubtful  character  and  may 
possibly  contain  Pyroxene  in  place  of  Amphibole  (Nos.  306,  308, 
and  313).  The  color  varies  from  black  (Nos.  306,  307,  etc.),  to 
greenish-black  (Nos.  302,  303,  etc.),  blackish-green  (Nos.  308,  314, 
etc.),  to  greenish-gray  (Nos.  304  and  308).  Its  texture  varies  from 
a coarse  aggregate  of  grains,  inch  or  more  across  (Nos.  30,  303, 

306,  314,  etc.),  to  a fine-grained  rock,  with  granules  less  than 
-^2  inch  across  (Nos.  307,  310,  31 1,  etc.  See  also  Nos.  ion,  1024, 
and  1017,  of  Appendix  C),  and  more  rarely  to  a Jasper-like  mass, 
which  occurs  in  seams  of  small  quantity  (Nos.  315  and  318)  ; the 
rock  is  characterized  by  a remarkable  toughness  under  the  hammer, 
often  powdering  before  fracture.  Its  structure  is  generally  com- 
pact, often  traversed  by  joints  and  fissures,  and  frequently  rendered 
minutely  porphyritic  by  tiny  Amphibole  crystals  (Nos.  69,302,  305, 

307,  etc).  On  a hill  near  Negaunee,  west  of  the  Pioneer  Furnace, 
the  weathered  surface  of  the  Dioryte  abounds  in  large  crystals  of 
Feldspar,  implying  an  unusual  porphyritic  structure.  Among  the 
Diorytes,  porphyritic  with  Amphibole,  observed  on  a section  from 
Teal  Lake  northward  to  the  Holyoke  mine,  a rock  resembling  a 
Dioryte-Porphyry  was  observed,  consisting  of  tiny  black  crystals 
of  Amphibole  through  a hard  gray  aphanitic  paste. 

The  Amphibole  generally  predominates,  amounting  to  5 or  6 
parts  (Nos.  302,  304,  310,  etc.),  or  sometimes  to  only  3 parts  (No. 
315).  Its  fibrous  blades  average  ^ to  ^ inch  in  length,  but 
sometimes  amount  to  and  even  to  S/%  inch  (Nos.  302  and  315). 
Its  color  when  unaltered  is  black  or  greenish-black,  sometimes 
brownish-green  (No.  69),  and  gives  a grayish  or  greenish-white 
streak  (Nos.  305,  31 1,  and  314);  but  when  altered,  it  is  blackish- 
green  (Nos.  310,  318,  etc.),  cuts  soft  like  Chlorite,  and  gives  a 
greenish-gray  streak  (Nos.  303,  306,  312,  etc.).  In  the  latter  cases 
it  sometimes  loses  its  lustre  and  fibrous  structure,  'and  be- 
comes smooth  (No.  302),  or  assumes  a micaceous  structure  (No. 
303),  or  passes  into  a Chlorite  whose  scales  still  retain  the  fibrous 
markings  (No.  313).  The  Feldspar*  resembles  that  of  the 


Probably  Oligoclase. 


44 


APPENDIX  A. 


Gneisses,  and  generally  amounts  to  about  4 parts  of  the  rock, 
but  sometimes  increases  up  to  6 or  7 (Nos.  308,  313,  and 
315).  Its  granules  range  in  size  from  ^ t°  % inch  (No.  315),  ave- 
raging jig-  to  inch  across,  and  are  less  commonly  striated 
than  in  the  Gneisses  (No.  313).  Its  color  is  generally  greenish- 
gray  (No.  312),  grayish-white  (Nos.  306,  307,  and  310),  or  yellow- 
ish-white (No.  309),  sometimes  white  (No.  69),  and,  when  partially 
decomposed,  brownish-red  (No.  314),  or  brown  (No.  305);  two  of 
these  colors  being  often  intermingled  in  the  same  specimen  (Nos. 
302,  308,  etc.).  It  has  generally  good  cleavage  and  lustre  (Nos.  308 
and  309),  but  loses  both  in  altered  specimens  (Nos.  302  and  304). 
Seams  or  bunches  of  Feldspar  and  Quartz  sometimes  occur  (No. 
315),  or  of  pure  brownish-red  Feldspar,  containing  small  drusy 
geodes  (No.  316).  Chlorite  seems  to  be  almost  always  dissemi- 
nated, generally  in  quantity  sufficient  to  brighten  the  greenish 
color  of  the  rock  (No.  303,  etc.  See  also  Nos.  1001  and  1023  of 
Appendix  C),  sometimes  retaining  somewhat  of  the  fibrous  bladed 
form  of  the  crystals  of  Amphibole,  from  which  it  has  been  de- 
rived (No.  313),  and  sometimes  occurring  as  a crypto-crystalline 
green  paste  (No.  305).  A brown  magnesian  Mica  often  occurs  in 
small  scales:  see  Nos.  18  and  22  of  Appendix  B,  and  Nos. 
1018,  1019,  1020,  1021,  1022,  and  1023,  of  Appendix  C:  also 
the  variety  from  a boulder  (No.  306),  which  may  be  a quartz- 
less form  of  a Laurentian  Hornblende-Gneiss.  Quartz  occurs 
in  small  quantity  in  several  varieties  (Nos.  308,  309,  etc.),  some- 
times in  large  bunches  easily  observed  (Nos.  314  to  318),  so  as 
to  resemble  a Conglomerate  (No.  71)  or  even  in  a hand  specimen, 
amounting  to  nearly  one  part  (No.  303).  Magnetite  is  universally 
distributed  in  minute  crystalline  granules,  especially  remarkable  on 
a weathered  surface,  and  in  one  case  seems  to  amount  to  nearly  3 
parts  (No.  308).  On  finely  pulverizing  the  rock,  the  magnet  sepa- 
rates * from  2.8  (No.  309)  to  8.5  (No.  308)  per  cent,  by  weight, 
of  a powder  whose  color  generally  shows  it  to  consist  chiefly  of 
Magnetite,  with  more  or  less  of  the  rock-powder  adhering.  The 
rock  usually  affects  the  magnetic  needle,  and  decidedly  so  when 
over  5 Per  cent,  can  be  thus  separated  from  its  powder  by  a 
magnet. 


* See  Appendix  H. 


APPENDIX  A. 


45 


Pyrite  is  also  distributed  in  small  quantity,  associated  with  the 
blades  of  Amphibole,  sometimes  in  abundant  granules  TV  inch  in 
diameter  (Nos.  305,  306,  308,  and  318),  or  even  amounting  td 
nearly  one  part  (No.  304). 

Epidote  is  also  sometimes  attached  to  the  blades  of  Amphibole 
(No.  318)  in  masses  to  % inch  across  (No.  316),  or  occurs  in 
thin  seams  (No.  75)  ; but  the  Diorytes  differ  from  the  Gneisses  in 
the  comparatively  rare  occurrence  of  this  mineral.  Calcite  can 
sometimes  be  distinguished  in  films  (No.  305),  but  its  presence  is 
very  commonly  shown  only  by  the  effervescence  of  the  rock  when 
immersed  in  acid. 

The  weathered  surface  is  generally  even  or  rounded,  but,  espe- 
cially in  the  coarser  varieties,  roughened  by  the  projection  of  the 
harder  crystals  of  Amphibole,  sometimes  larger  crystals  of  the 
Feldspar,  little  bunches  of  Quartz,  Magnetite,  etc.  ; its  color  is 
usually  some  shade  of  brown,  mottled  by  blackish-green  if  the 
Amphibole  projects  ; an  exceptional  and  beautiful  weathering  is 
described  under  No.  317;  the  weathering  is  generally  deep,  some- 
times an  inch  or  more,  and  the  Dioryte-Wacke  probably  represents 
its  last  stage.  See  also  Nos.  1002,  1003,  1004,  1007,  1008,  1009, 
1010,  1012,  1013,  1014,  1016,  1024,  1025,  1043,  1047,  and  1049,  of 
Appendix  C. 

Amphibolyte. — By  the  predominance  of  the  Amphibole  in  Dioryte 
to  about  7 parts,  a common  Amphibolyte  is  produced,  very 
tough  under  the  hammer,  which  appears  to  the  eye  to  be  made  up 
entirely  of  coarse  facets,  to  inch  in  diameter,  of  blackish- 
green  and  almost  unaltered  Amphibole,  inclined  irregularly  in  all 
directions  ; but  on  closer  examination  of  a fresh  fracture,  a green- 
ish-gray paste  is  revealed,  amounting  to  about  3 parts,  which 
is  made  up  of  minute  granules  of  greenish-gray,  grayish-white, 
and  yellowish-green  Feldspar  (No.  319).  In  a similar  rock  from  a 
boulder  (No.  320),  the  paste  amounts  to  about  5 parts,  and  is 
made  up  of  Feldspar,  tiny  needles  of  Amphibole,  scales  of  white 
Mica,  and  granules  of  Quartz.  It  is  peculiar  to  the  weathering  of 
this  rock  and  of  many  Diorytes,  that  the  Feldspar  resists  decompo- 
sition better  than  the  Amphibole,  and  becomes  whiter  and  more 
prominent  ; so  that  the  conclusion  might  be  obtained — exactly 
contrary  to  that  derived  from  the  fresh  fracture — that  the  Feldspar 


4 6 


APPENDIX  A. 


was  the  predominant  constituent.  A transition  form  is  a Chloritic 
Amphibolyte,  in  which  a softened  Amphibole  occurs,  in  broad  curv- 
ing films  or  flakes  inclined  in  all  directions,  and  passing  into 
Chlorite.  Chlorite,  green  Quartz,  and  a purplish  Feldspar  were 
found  in  a vein  through  the  Amphibolyte  first  mentioned  above. 
See  also  Nos.  1003,  1004,  1018,  and  1020,  of  Appendix  C.  The 
schistose  form  of  Amphibolyte,  Amphibole-Schist,  is  considered 
further  on. 

Magnesian  Dioryte  ( Serpentine ). — No  true  Serpentine  * occurs  in 
this  collection  or  was  observed  by  me  in  the  field  ; but  a few  rare 
varieties  of  Dioryte  occur  (Nos.  321,  322,  and  323),  first  noticed  by 
Foster  and  Whitney  in  their  Report  (Part  II.,  pages  17  and  25), 
which  have  been  altered  apparently  by  the  introduction  of  Mag- 
nesia, and  approach  impure  Serpentine  (especially  No.  322)  in 
physical  character,  though  imperfectly  in  chemical  composition 
(Foster  and  Whitney’s  Report,  Part  II.,  page  92).  They  are  rather 
hard,  compact,  with  a dull  iron-black  color,  mottled  by  greenish- 
gray,  and  a texture  which  is  fine-grained  and  almost  crypto- 
crystalline, but  in  one  case  coarse  (No.  323).  They  are  made  up 
of  about  7 parts  of  dull,  black,  angular  masses,  with  a slightly 
columnar  structure,  apparently  altered  Amphibole  (No.  78),  in  a 
greenish-gray,  or  yellowish-green  Feldspathic  or  Magnesian  paste. 
A brown  Mica,  brownish-white  Calcite,  Pyrite,  and  Ochre  also  occur 
in  small  quantity.  Weathers  unevenly  to  mottled  shades  of  red- 
dish- and  blackish-brown. 

Chloritic  Dioryte. — A rather  common  form  of  Dioryte  (No.  324), 
which  contains  sufficient  Chlorite  not  only  to  cause  the  color  to 
incline  to  green,  but  to  be  distinguishable  in  minute  scales  and 
films,  and  to  render  the  other  constituents  rather  indistinct  ; more 
or  less  of  a brown  Mica  is  also  associated  with  it,  together  with 
Calcite,  Quartz  (No.  71),  and  sometimes  reddish  Ochre  derived  from 
its  decomposition.  By  the  gradual  alteration  and  disappearance  of 
the  crystals  of  Amphibole,  transition  varieties  are  produced,  which 
finally  pass  into  Dioryte-Greenstone.  Weathers  evenly  to  brown- 


* Credner  (Article,  pages  534,  535,  544,  545,  553)  identifies  a rock  as  Serpentine  at 
the  Michigamme  Iron  Mt.,  and  at  the  Jackson  Mine,  but  I have  never  seen  it. 


APPENDIX  A.  47 

ish  and  greenish  shades.  See  also  Nos.  1001,  1005,  1006,  and  1023, 
of  Appendix  C. 

Dioryte-Wacke. — A rather  rare  form  (No.  325)  of  a Chloritic 
Dioryte,  decomposed  by  weathering  or  other  agency  ; the  Feldspar 
becoming  reddish-brown  ; the  Amphibole,  soft,  blackish-green,  and 
indistinct  ; and  the  Chlorite  almost  entirely  decomposed  into  a 
brick-red  or  reddish-brown  Ochre,  which  imparts  its  color  to  the 
rock.  The  weathered  surface  is  uneven  and  mottled  with  reddish- 
and  yellowish-brown. 

Dioryte-Schist. — A greenish-black  and  rather  fine-grained  form  of 
Dioryte  (represented  by  both  Huronian  and  Laurentian  varieties), 
having  a more  or  less  schistose,  sometimes  flaky,  structure,  so  as  to 
break  up  into  layers  which  are  often  less  than  an  inch  thick.  There 
are  two  varieties. 

First.  A Dioryte-Schist  produced  by  the  parallel  arrangement  of 
the  blades  of  Amphibole  (No.  29).  Sometimes  the  Feldspar  occurs 
as  a granular  paste  through  which  the  Amphibole  crystals  are  uni- 
formly disseminated.  Again,  the  Feldspar  may  occur  gathered  and 
intercalated  in  thin  parallel  white  lenses,  1 to  5 inches  long,  which 
assist  in  producing  the  schistose  structure  (3J-  miles  from  Hol- 
yoke mine,  on  road  to  Marquette).  In  still  another  case  (Forest- 
ville)  the  Amphibole  occurs  in  dull,  dark-green,  flaky  lenses,  dis- 
tributed with  a parallel  arrangement  through  a paste  of  finely-gran- 
ular  white  Feldspar. 

I believe  the  Laurentian  Dioryte-Schists  to  belong  chiefly,  per- 
haps entirely,  to  this  class,  but  are  easily  distinguished  from  the 
Huronian  by  the  bright  crystalline  character  and  black  color  of 
their  Hornblende. 

Secondly.  A Dioryte-Schist  (Huronian)  produced  in  general  by 
the  alteration  of  the  tiny  blades  of  Amphibole,  which  first  become 
iridescent  and  soft  and  assume  a micaceous  structure,  and  then  pass 
into  scales  of  blackish-green  Chlorite,  which  retains  more  or  less  of 
the  form  of  the  blades  (Nos.  32 7,  328,  329,  and  330),  and  has  some- 
what of  a parallel  arrangement. 

Other  forms  occur,  which  display  the  changes  mentioned  under 
Chloritic  Dioryte  and  Dioryte-Wacke  (No.  326),  and  the  same  acces- 
sory minerals  occur.  Weathers  generally  to  a lighter  color,  often  in- 


48 


APPENDIX  A . 


dined  to  brownish,  with  an  even  surface  slightly  roughened  and 
pitted  by  the  unequal  erosion  of  its  constituents.  See  also  Nos. 
1005,  1006,  1016,  and  1055,  of  Appendix  C. 

Amphibole-Schist  (probably  entirely  Huronian). — I am  convinced, 
by  frequent  references  in  my  field  note-books,  that  a schistose 
variety  of  Amphibolyte,  or  a form  of  Dioryte-Schist  in  which  the 
Amphibole  predominates,  occurs  in  great  abundance  and  in  many 
localities  ; the  facets  of  Amphibole,  or  its  altered  flakes  with  as- 
sociated Chlorite,  having  such  a parallel  arrangement  that  a rock  is 
produced  which  would  be  called  an  Amphibole-  rather  than  a 
Dioryte-Schist.  Calcite  is  sometimes  disseminated  in  tiny  amygdules, 
crystals,  or  lenses,  so  as  to  produce  an  amygdaloidal  or  porphyritic 
structure  or  a Schalstone.  I have  now  no  specimens  of  this  rock, 
and  will  not  venture  to  make  any  further  description  ; but  it  may 
be  easily  studied  in  the  vicinity  of  Negaunee,  especially  on  its  west 
and  south  sides,  where  it  passes  into  Amphibolyte  and  Dioryte. 

It  is  easily  distinguished  from  the  Laurentian  rock,  derived 
from  Gneiss,  by  the  dull  lustre,  dark  green  color,  and  softened 
condition  peculiar  to  the  Huronian  Amphibole  ; and  until  the 
exact  nature  of  the  latter  has  been  determined  by  analysis,  the 
name  “Amphibole-Schist”  seems  preferable  to  “Hornblende- 
Schist”  for  this  variety. 

Dioryte-Greenstone. — This  is  a grayish-green  rock  (belonging 
both  to  the  Huronian  and  Laurentian),  of  rather  uncommon  occur- 
rence, and  seems  to  be  a variety  of  altered  or  Chloritic  Dioryte. 
From  that  rock  it  differs  in  its  fine-grained — almost  aphanitic — tex- 
ture, in  the  consequent  indistinctness  of  its  constituents,  in  the  pre- 
dominance of  the  green  color,  and  in  the  universal  presence  of  Cal- 
cite. In  one  locality  (Ely’s  point,  Marquette),  it  possesses  a remark- 
able concretionary  structure,  the  concretions  varying  from  an  inch 
to  several  feet  in  diameter.  It  is  made  up  of  about  4 to  6 parts 
of  Feldspar,  often  more  or  less  altered,  and  of  about  6 to  4 parts 
either  of  scales  of  Chlorite  (No.  332),  or  of  altered  blades  of  Am- 
phibole (No.  333),  or  of  both  these  minerals,  together  with  a little 
Mica  (Nos.  331  and  334). 

This  rock  is  remarkable,  especially  when  it  approaches  an  apha- 
nitic texture,  for  an  extremely  fissured  structure,  by  which  a fresh 


APPENDIX  A. 


49 


fracture  is  hard  to  be  obtained.  These  fissures  are  generally  lined 
with  films  of  Chlorite  and  grayish- white  or  brownish  Calcite  (No. 
331);  the  latter  often  occurs  in  seams  (No.  333),  or  geodes  (No.  332), 
sometimes  associated  with  Epidote  in  considerable  quantity  (No. 
333).  A characteristic  Amygdaloid  occurs  in  a small  ridge  in  the 
swamp  north-west  of  the  Foster  mine,  the  somewhat  flattened 
amygdules  reaching  from  y2  to  2^  inches  in  length  and  being  oc- 
cupied by  Calcite,  Quartz,  Magnetic  Iron  (?),  Epidote,  and  Feld- 
spar (?) ; this  rock  is  free  from  amygdules  in  some  parts,  and  passes 
into  a coarse  Dioryte  and  apparently  an  Amphibole-Schist.  Weath- 
ers unevenly,  usually  to  a darker  green,  mottled  with  brownish  spots 
or  stripes.  See  also  No.  1025  of  Appendix  C. 

Micaceous  Greenstone- Schist. — This  is  a Huronian  rock  of  in- 
frequent occurrence,  which  resembles  the  preceding  in  texture, 
color,  and  general  composition,  but  differs  in  a more  or  less 
decided  schistose  structure.  This  is  produced  by  the  Chlorite 
and  altered  Amphibole  being  partially  (Nos.  31  and  335),  or 
entirely  replaced  (Nos.  336  and  337),  by  a reddish-brown  (Nos. 
335  and  336),  or  a black  (No.  337)  Mica,  in  parallel  scales, 
rarely  inch  in  diameter,  which  sometimes  retain  the  form  of 
the  original  fibrous  blades  of  Amphibole  (No.  337).  The  Feld- 
spar also  seems  to  occur,  in  thin  parallel  flakes,  between  the 
scales  of  Mica  and  Chlorite,  and  this  structure  is  sometimes  re- 
vealed on  the  weathered  surface  (No.  336).  The  Magnetite, 
which  is  a universal,  but  generally  invisible,  accessory  constitu- 
ent of  all  these  rocks  derived  from  the  decomposition  of  Dioryte, 
is  sometimes  sufficient  in  quantity  to  make  some  specimens  affect 
the  magnetic  needle. 

This  rock  is  evidently  closely  allied  to  Kersanton  and  Kersantite, 
grouped  by  Cotta  under  his  class  of  Mica-Trap  rocks  (Glimmer- 
trapp).  However,  the  determination  of  the  Feldspar  in  this  rock  has 
not  yet  been  made,  and  the  rock  seems  to  differ  from  Kersanton, 
etc.,  in  its  schistose  structure,  homogeneous  texture,  etc.  I have 
therefore  preferred  to  propose  the  provisional  name — “ Micaceous 
Greenstone-Schist” — rather  than  employ  either  the  name  “ Mica- 
Trap,”  which  would  suggest  a false  idea  in  regard  to  its  origin, 
or  the  local  names,  Kersanton,  etc.,  which  would  also  require  a care- 
ful comparison  of  actual  specimens  for  identification.  Weathers 
4 


50 


APPENDIX  A. 


unevenly,  by  the  removal  of  the  Mica,  to  a minutely  flaky  surface 
of  a reddish-  or  blackish-brown  color. 

It  is  possible  that  the  Mica  in  some  cases  becomes  so  prominent 
as  to  entitle  the  rock  to  the  name  “ Mica-Schist”  (e.g.  Forma- 
tion XI.,  at  Republic  Mountain).  See  also  Nos.  1018,  1019,  1020, 
1021,  1022,  and  1023,  and  also  Nos.  1005,  1006,  1016,  and  1055, 
of  Appendix  C,  and  Vol.  I.,  page  100. 

Schalstone. — This  Huronian  rock  has  been  found  in  four  or  five 
localities,  but  only  one  specimen  occurs  in  the  collection  (No.  338), 
probably  corresponding  to  No.  1025  of  Appendix  C.  It  is  a va- 
riety produced  in  the  preceding  rock  by  an  increased  proportion 
of  Calcite,  up  to  2 or  3 parts.  This  mineral  is  distributed, 
either  in  thin  lenticular  flakes  or  in  amygdules,  both  probably  origi- 
nating in  an  amygdaloidal  structure.  To  this  rock  probably 
belongs  a part  of  the  Amygdaloid  described  under  Dioryte-Green- 
stone.  One  variety,  by  no  means  uncommon,  is  rich  in  Chlorite, 
the  grains  of  Calcite  being  quite  small.  There  is  also  a variety  of 
Greenstone-Ash  (Nos.  194  and  205),  which  contains  much  Calcite 
in  small  grains  and  might  be  called  a Schalstone.  Weathers  un- 
evenly to  a greenish-gray  surface,  sometimes  covered  with  tiny  pits 
of  a reddish-brown  color.  See  also  Nos.  1012  and.  1025  of  Ap- 
pendix C. 

Aphanyte-Schist \ — This  is  a grayish-green  aphanitic  Huronian 
rock,  of  rather  rare  occurrence  (Nos.  70  and  339),  whose  nature  can 
be  determined  only  by  a microscopic  examination,  or  by  its  associa- 
tion with  the  preceding  rocks.  It  is  evidently  a transition  variety 
of  Greenstone-Schist,  differing  in  its  aphanitic  texture  and  its  uni- 
versal content  of  Chlorite.  By  the  predominance  of  this  mineral, 
and  the  consequent  production  of  a thinly  laminated  structure,  the 
rock  passes  into  the  second  variety  of  Chloritic  Schists,  described 
under  that  class  (Nos.  182  and  183).  Weathers  evenly  to  a lighter 
green. 


Chlorite-Potstone . — This  is  a soft,  greenish,  and  mostly  aphani- 
tic Huronian  rock,  also  of  rather  rare  occurrence,  which  resembles 
the  preceding,  but  is  chiefly  composed  of  Chlorite,  and  is  traversed 
by  this  mineral  in  an  irregular  network  (No.  341). 


APPENDIX  A. 


51 


Transition  varieties  occur,  in  which  the  Chlorite  is  disseminated 
as  usual  in  scales  and  irregularly,  or  by  its  parallel  arrangement 
produces  a schist  (No.  73),  or  decreases  in  quantity  to  2 parts  (No. 
340) ; but  even  these  are  characterized  by  their  softness  and  the 
large  quantity  of  water  they  lose  by  ignition.  Calcite  is  also  pres- 
ent, sometimes  in  considerable  quantity  (No.  73).  Weathers  un- 
evenly to  a darker  green. 


X.  Trappean  Dioryte. 

This  name  is  proposed  provisionally  for  a peculiar  and  interesting 
rock  which  seems  to  be  identical  in  composition  with  the  Diorytes, 
but  rather  resembles  a Doleryte  in  general  appearance  and  mode  of 
weathering.  There  is  reason  to  believe  (see  Vol.  I.,  pages  155 
and  156)  that  it  is  an  intrusive  rock,  and,  as  I have  not  yet  been 
able  to  identify  it  with  any  certainty,  the  above  name  will  suffice 
for  our  present  purpose. 

The  color  of  this  rock  is,  when  unaltered,  black  (Nos.  342,  343, 
and  347),  but  in  other  cases,  greenish-gray  (Nos.  344  and  346), 
grayish-green  (No.  350),  and  blackish-brown  (Nos.  345,  348,  and 
349).  Its  structure  is  always  massive  like  that  of  the  unaltered 
Diorytes,  but  more  crystalline,  being  porphyritic  in  regard  to  both 
its  constituent  minerals.  Its  texture  varies  from  a coarse  rock,  in 
which  the  crystals  are  usually  ^ inch,  sometimes  inch  across 
(Nos.  342  and  347),  to  a fine-grained  rock  in  which  they  appear  as 
glittering  points  to  the  naked  eye  (Nos.  343,  345,  and  350). 

The  Amphibole  resembles  Augite  in  appearance,  and  amounts  to 
5,  sometimes  6,  parts  of  the  rock  (No.  347)  ; is  of  a black  (Nos.  342 
and  347),  brownish-black  (Nos.  344  and  348),  or  grayish-green 
color  (No.  350),  brownish  when  altered  (No.  345)  ; and  weathers 
out  unchanged  in  color  and  projecting  above  the  Feldspar.  The 
Feldspar  amounts  to  nearly  5 parts,  and  its  color  is  grayish-white 
(Nos.  342,  344,  346,  and  347),  sometimes  inclining  to  greenish  or 
yellowish,  and  sometimes  greenish-gray  (No.  345). 

Magnetite  is  universally  present  and  may  be  generally  distin- 
guished easily  upon  the  weathered  surface  ; so  that  the  magnet 
separates  from  3 to  5 per  cent,  of  the  powder,  and  the  rock  is  feebly 
magnetic  (Nos.  342,  343,  and  346). 


52 


APPENDIX  A. 


Chlorite  was  distinguished  in  only  one  specimen  (No.  349),  in 
thin  films ; also  Epidote  (No.  348),  and  two  minerals  resembling 
Serpentine  and  Micaceous-Iron,  in  small  quantity  (No.  345).  In 
one  specimen  (No.  342)  the  rock  gives  a feeble  effervescence  in 
acid. 

In  weathering,  the  fine-grained  varieties  assume  a light  color 
(yellowish-  or  reddish-brown),  are  traversed  by  Chlorite,  etc.,  and 
pass  into  a soft  Wacke  (No.  352  and  353) ; the  coarser  varieties  as- 
sume a much  lighter  color  (usually  brownish-gray),  mottled  with 
the  blackish-green  and  roughened  by  the  projection  of  the  less 
altered  crystals  of  Amphibole,  and  the  rock  is  traversed  by  minute 
fissures  (No.  342),  more  abundantly  than  in  the  Diorytes,  becomes 
very  friable  (No.  344),  and  finally  disintegrates  into  a coarse,  an- 
gular, dark-greenish  sand  largely  made  up  of  weather-worn,  sepa- 
rated crystals  of  the  two  minerals. 

Porphyry. — Only  one  specimen  has  been  observed  (No.  351), 
consisting  of  about  3 parts  of  tiny  crystals  of  brown  Feldspar,  in 
about  7 parts  of  a bluish-green  pyritiferous  paste.  In  the  latter, 
crystals  of  altered  blackish-green  Amphibole  can  be  distinguished 
on  a polished  section. 

Wacke. — In  the  decomposition,  by  weathering,  of  the  two  pre- 
ceding rocks,  the  Feldspar  becomes  softened  and  resembles  Kaolin, 
assuming  a grayish-green  (No.  345)  or  yellowish  color  (Nos.  352 
and  353).  The  Amphibole  is  softened,  becomes  a reddish-brown, 
and  is  sometimes  associated  with  Ochre  or  Micaceous-Iron.  The 
result  is  a soft  earthy  Wacke,  in  which  the  reddish-brown  color 
predominates  (Nos.  352  and  353). 


YOUNGER  FELDSPATHIC  ROCKS. 

XI.  Dioryte-Aphanyte. 

Certain  dykes,  of  a distinctly  intrusive  character,  occur  in  this  re- 
gion in  four  inconspicuous  localities,  represented  by  Nos.  354  to 
357 — No.  355  being  Laurentian.  Their  material  is  always  very 


APPENDIX  A. 


53 


hard,  compact,  heavy,  and,  unless  fissured  by  weathering,  tough, 
but  its  texture  is  too  nearly  crypto-crystalline  to  allow  its  exact 
identification  without  a more  thorough  microscopic  investigation  than 
I have  yet  made. 

In  structure  it  is  either  compact  (Nos.  355  and  357),  or  coarsely 
laminated  (No.  354),  or  possesses  the  coarse  cross-cleavage  char- 
acteristic of  a trap-dyke  (No.  356,  and  also  in  other  varieties  of 
No.  357  not  in  this  collection).  In  texture  the  coarsest  variety  (No. 
354)  is  finer  than  almost  any  Dioryte,  while  others  resemble  jasper 
(Nos.  355  and  356)  or  the  finest  porcelain  (No.  357),  with  a few 
coarse  specks — but  never  vitreous.  The  color  varies  from  grayish- 
black  to  grayish-green,  with  a gray  streak,  with  sometimes  a little 
shining  lustre,  and  almost  always  minute  glittering  facets.  The 
fracture  varies  from  conchoidal  to  even,  but,  by  weathering,  usually 
becomes  very  irregular  and  uneven  through  the  formation  of  innu- 
merable minute  fissures.  The  weathered  surface  assumes  a brown- 
ish color,  lighter  than  the  fresh  fracture,  and  is  generally  smooth, 
giving  no  clue  to  the  constituent  minerals. 

The  constitution  of  this  rock  is,  in  the  main,  evidently  feldspathic, 
as  revealed  by  its  fusion  before  the  blowpipe,  general  physical  pro- 
perties, and  the  determination  of  the  glittering  facets  under  the 
loupe  as  tiny  crystals  of  greenish  or  blackish  feldspar. 

A hard  black  mineral  also  can  sometimes  be  distinguished  in  facets, 
feldspathic  in  appearance,  some  of  which  are  even  inch  in  length 
(Nos.  354  and  356,  and  No.  79  of  Appendix  B).  Much  Pyrite  is 
also  disseminated,  in  particles  and  seams  associated  with  films  of 
grayish-white  Calcite  (No.  354). 

In  a very  thin  microscopic  section,  tiny  crystals  of  a triclinic 
feldspar  (the  facets  already  referred  to)  are  readily  distinguished, 
and,  smaller  and  more  rarely,  hexagonal  sections  of  a greenish 
hornblendic  mineral,  whose  dichroism  identifies  it  as  Amphibole — 
dispersed  through  a cloudy  ground-mass  which  I have  not  yet  seen 
satisfactorily  resolved. 

The  most  interesting  locality  to  examine  this  dyke-material  is  at 
the  extremity  of  Light-House  Point,  near  Marquette,  where  a 
highly  metamorphosed  rock  occurs,  in  beds  dipping  about  8o°  to 
the  north,  which  in  different  parts  would  be  called  a Chloritic  Schist, 
Talcose  Schist,  and  Amphibole-Schist.  This  passes  in  some  places 
into  indurated  varieties  of  these  rocks,  a massive  coarse  Dioryte, 


54 


APPENDIX  A. 


Dioryte-Schist,  Greenstone-Schist,  and  a dark  Dioryte-Greenstone, 
sometimes  concretionary  in  structure.  Towards  the  east  end  of  the 
Point,  and  mostly  along  with  the  strike,  these  schists  are  traversed, 
with  rare  and  slight  evidences  of  flexure  or  any  movement  by  dis- 
ruption, by  numerous  small  and  branching  dykes,  from  less  than  an 
inch  to  3 or  4 feet  across,  broken  into  angular  elbows  and  occasion- 
ally enclosing  small  dislodged  fragments  of  the  schist.  Their  ordi- 
nary arrangement  may  be  understood  from  the  description  and 
figures  of  Credner,  in  his  Article  (loc.  cit. , pages  548  and  549,  with 
Table  XII.,  figs.  3 and  4),  but  it  is  also  interesting  that  in  the  nar- 
rower dykes,  three  or  four  successive  intersections  of  each  other  can 
be  made  out,  as  if  belonging  to  successive  periods.  The  wider  and 
coarser  dykes  consist  of  the  coarse  Dioryte,  and  can  mostly  be  seen 
to  branch  out  from  the  larger  masses  of  that  rock,  which  appear  to 
me  in  general  not  to  be  intrusive  but  merely  due  to  the  metamor- 
phism of  the  original  schist.  In  some  of  the  dykes,  as  they  thin 
out  towards  their  terminations,  the  material  becomes  finer-grained, 
shows  a tendency  to  cross-cleavage,  and  passes  into  the  crypto- 
crystalline texture  represented  by  No.  357.  This  locality  I think 
well  deserves  a more  thorough  study,  both  for  its  geological  and 
lithological  phenomena. 

At  another  locality,  on  the  Mineral-Branch  Railroad,  at  the 
west  end  of  the  first  bridge  east  of  Iron  Cliffs  (on  the  line 
between  Sections  18  and  19 — T.  47 — R.  27),  occurs  a fine 
section  of  a large  outcrop  of  Dioryte-Greenstone  overlaid  by 
Chloritic  Schist.  At  the  junction  of  these  two  rocks  a black, 
heavy,  aphanitic  rock,  with  sub-conchoidal  fracture,  may  be  ob- 
served, which,  though  not  intrusive,  appears  to  be  identical  in 
constitution  with  this  class. 


C.  FRAGMENTAL  ROCKS. 

Two  varieties  of  rock  of,  I believe,  rare  occurrence,  have  been 
included  in  this  division.  The  first  mentioned  occurs  also  in  peb- 
bles in  the  Quartz-Conglomerates,  and  it  is  probably  a variety 
which  has  escaped  the  induration  by  which  the  Quartzytes  and 
Quartz-Schists  have  been  produced. 


APPENDIX  A. 


55 


XII.  Sandstone-Schist. 

The  more  common  variety  of  this  rock  (Nos.  358  and  359)  is  a 
loosely-aggregated,  arenaceous,  grayish-white  Sandstone,  inclining 
to  a banded  structure,  chiefly  composed  of  minute  granules  of 
grayish-white  Quartz,  with  a little  Magnetite  arranged  in  the  black 
layers,  and  small  particles  of  Ochre,  Mica,  and  Chlorite,  irregularly 
dispersed. 

The  other  variety  (No.  360)  is  one  of  the  Kaolinic  Sandstone- 
Schists  of  the  Silurian  beds,  and  is  peculiar  for  a predominance  of 
flakes  of  Chloritic  Schist. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LITHOLOGY. 

The  numbers,  from  101  to  360  inclusive,  are  attached  to  the  descriptions, 
and  are  those  referred  to  in  Vol.  I.,  Part  I.  The  numbers  from  688 
upward  are  those  attached  to  the  specimens  in  the  collection  of  T.  B. 
Brooks.  The  numbers  from  1 to  100  are  contained  in  Appendix  B. 


No.  101  (Specimen  984). — Ferruginous  Crystalline  Limestone. 

Huronian. — Section  28 — Township  51 — Range  31. 

Grayish-white,  speckled  with  blackish-gray  and  brownish-red 
spots. 

A tough,  coarsely  granular  Limestone,  sparkling  with  facets  of 
Calcite,  about  inch  across,  about  one-half  of  which  are  blackish- 
gray  and  brownish-red  in  color,  and  the  remainder  grayish-white. 
It  is  also  evident,  on  the  somewhat  weathered  surface  of  a fissure, 
that  the  facets  of  Calcite  are  enclosed  and  separated  by  thin  films  of 
Siderite,  of  a yellowish-brown  color,  and  this  mineral  probably 
amounts  to  about  ^ of  the  bulk  of  the  rock. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  reddish-white.  Effervesces  strongly  in 
hydrochloric  acid,  dissolving  readily  with  very  little  residue,  and 
the  solution  contains  only  a very  small  quantity  of  Magnesia. 

The  weathered  surface  is  of  a brownish-red  color,  deeply  and 
roughly  pitted  by  the  erosion  of  the  calcareous  grains.  The  con- 


56 


APPENDIX  A. 


cretionary  character  of  most  of  the  latter  is  beautifully  shown  by 
the  projection,  around  and  within  the  little  pit  formerly  occupied 
by  each  grain,  of  minute  laminae  of  Siderite,  of  a yellowish-brown 
color  ; six  or  seven  of  such  concentric  circles  may  be  sometimes 
counted  within  each  cavity,  surrounding  a tiny  solid  nucleus  of  the 
same  material. 


No.  102  (Sp.  1231). — White  Saccharoidal  Dolomite-Marble. 

Huronian.  — S.  E.  £ Sect.  35 — T.  42 — R.  30. 


White,  with  a slight  yellowish  tinge,  and  yellowish  streak ; 
sparkling. 

A rather  fine  grained,  saccharoidal,  compact  Dolomite,  with  a 
few  short  parallel  but  not  continuous  streaks  of  a light  yellowish- 
brown  color,  which  suggest  its  plane  of  stratification. 

Fracture  even  and  smooth.  Streak  white.  Effervesces  very 
slowly  in  cold  hydrochloric  acid,  like  a pure  Dolomite,  and  dis- 
solves with  a small,  white,  siliceous  residue. 

Weathering  even,  but  a little  roughened  by  the  projection  of  the 
crystalline  grains,  about  y1^  inch  in  depth,  and  of  a dirty  yellowish- 
brown  color.  The  edges  of  the  laminae  of  the  rock  are  rendered 
apparent  as  minute  crevices  on  a weathered  transverse  section. 


No.  103  (Sp.  1233). — Grayish  Saccharoidal  Dolomite- Marble. 

Huronian. — North  % Sect.  35 — T.  42 — R.  30. 

Grayish-white,  with  light-green  spots. 

A marble  similar  to  No.  102,  but  grayish-white  in  color,  and 
without  the  streaks  or  any  other  indication  of  lamination  in  the 
hand  specimen. 

Broad,  irregular-bladed  crystals,  inch  long,  of  a very  light- 

green  mineral  (apparently  Tremolite)  are  dispersed  through  the 
specimen. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  white.  Effervesces  like  No.  102  in 
acid,  and  leaves  a larger  residue. 

Weathering  similar  to  that  of  No.  102,  the  tabular  crystals  pro- 
jecting considerably  above  the  surface. 


APPENDIX  A. 


57 


No.  104  (Sp.  877). — Fine-grained  Greenish-white  Dolomite. 

Silurian. — Presqu’isle,  near  S.  end  of  Island. 

Grayish-white,  with  tinge  of  green,  mottled  with  light  reddish- 
brown  and  olive-green  specks. 

A hard,  tough,  compact,  fine-grained  saccharoidal  Dolomite, 
through  which  many  tiny  particles  and  bunches  of  soft  olive-green 
Serpentine  are  irregularly  dispersed.  A few  minute  fissures  occur, 
sometimes  expanding  into  geodes  lined  with  rhombs  of  Dolomite. 

Fracture  rather  uneven.  Streak  greenish- white. 

Weathers  roughly  to  a grayish-black  color. 


No.  105  (Sp.  1242). — Fine-grained  Gray  Dolomite- Marble. 

Huronian. — Fence  and  Deer  River. 

A light  grayish-drab,  with  a decided  rosy  tinge,  and  a few  small 
rose-brown  spots. 

A very  hard  and  tough,  fine-grained,  crystalline,  compact,  sili- 
ceous Dolomite,  with  a little  brown  Dolomite  interspersed  in  irreg- 
ular minute  seams  and  tiny  bunches. 

Fracture  even  and  smooth.  Streak  grayish-white.  Effervesces 
very  feebly,  but  dissolves  almost  entirely  in  hydrochloric  acid. 

Weathering  very  thin,  of  a dirty  cream  color,  streaked  irregu- 
larly by  the  blackish-brown  parallel  edges  of  minute  cherty  seams 
and  bunches,  which  slightly  project  over  all  the  surface  and  beto- 
ken the  lamination  of  the  material. 


No.  106  (Sp.  795). — Coarse  Red  Dolomite. 

Huronian. — V. — Chocolate  Marble  Quarry,  South  of  mouth  of  Carp,  L.  S. 

Light  flesh-red,  with  brown  and  blackish-brown  streaks  and 
spots  ; glistening. 

A tough,  coarsely  crystalline,  compact  Dolomite,  made  up  of 
Dolomite  in  facets  to  yfa  inch  across.  Many  minute  seams  and 
small  irregular  spots  or  stains  of  a brownish  or  blackish-brown 
color,  and  others,  not  quite  so  numerous,  of  green  Talc. 

Fracture  uneven.  Effervesces  very  feebly  in  cold,  strongly  in 
hot  acid. 


58 


APPENDIX  A. 


Weathering  about  y inch  in  depth,  of  a brownish-red  color 
(darker  than  fresh  surface),  with  a surface  roughened  by  the  deeper 
erosion  of  the  talcose  layers  and  bunches. 


No.  107  (Sp.  796). — Banded  Dolomite- Marble. 

Huronian. — V. — Chocolate  Marble  Quarry,  South  of  mouth  of  Carp,  L.  S. 


Brownish-red,  with  many  grayish-white,  reddish-gray,  and  light 
flesh-red  bands  ; glittering. 

A tough,  finely  granular  compact  Marble,  generally  much  harder 
than  No.  106,  made  up  of  alternating  layers,  usually  to 
inch  in  thickness,  of  two  materials  ; the  one  of  a grayish-white  or 
reddish-white  color,  and  the  other  darker  and  harder,  of  a brown- 
ish-red color,  inclining  to  rose.  The  lighter  colored  layers  are 
made  up  of  coarsely  crystallized  Dolomite,  with  facets  rarely  as 
large  as  Jg-  of  an  inch.  The  darker  layers  consist  of  a fine-grained, 
compact  mixture  of  Quartz  and  Dolomite,  and  are  harder  than  the 
others.  Many  seams  cross  the  lamination  irregularly,  sometimes 
with  tiny  faults  filled  with  brown  Dolomite  and  milky  or  glassy 
Quartz,  and  in  the  latter  small  cherty  bunches  occur. 

Fracture  rather  even,  especially  on  the  siliceous  layers.  Effer- 
vesces in  acid  like  No.  106. 

Weathered  surface  smooth  and  of  a dirty  light-brown  color. 


No.  108  (Sp.  797). — Rosy  Siliceous  Dolomite. 

Huronian. — Bed  V. — Chocolate  Marble  Quarry,  South  of  mouth  of  Carp,  L.  S. 

A reddish-brown,  inclining  to  rose,  with  a very  few  dirty 
gray  streaks  (similar  in  color  to  the  darker  bands  in  No.  107); 
glittering. 

A very  tough,  hard,  fine-grained,  compact  Dolomite,  with  a 
lamination  faintly  indicated  by  parallel  bands  of  a darker  shade, 
inclining  to  gray.  It  consists  of  layers,  usually  from  y2  to  1 inch 
in  thickness,  of  two  materials  : the  one  consists  of  Dolomite  of 
a reddish-brown  color  inclining  to  rose,  and  so  fine-grained  as  to 
be  almost  crypto-crystalline,  and  the  other  of  aggregations  of 
thin  wavy  laminae,  about  ^ inch  in  thickness,  of  Quartz  or  Horn- 


APPENDIX  A. 


59 


stone  of  a very  light  reddish-brown  or  a smoky-gray  color.  The 
whole  rock  is  also  traversed  (and  so  receives  a peculiar  cleavage) 
by  innumerable  minute  seams,  at  an  angle  of  about  6o°  with  the 
lamination,  filled  with  minute  films  of  silver-gray  and  light-green 
scales  of  Talc.  Other  more  irregular  seams  sometimes  occur,  up  to 
inch  in  thickness,  and  filled  with  brown  coarsely  crystalline 
Dolomite. 

Fracture  uneven.  Effervesces  like  No.  107,  leaving  much  resi- 
due after  solution,  consisting  of  white  and  reddish-white  particles. 

Weathers  very  decidedly,  the  calcareous  layers  assuming  a cream 
color,  with  a light  reddish-brown  shade  ; while  the  siliceous  layers 
project  uniformly  above  the  surface,  sometimes  as  much  as  ^ inch, 
unchanged  in  color,  and  presenting  a beautifully  distinct  section  of 
the  wavy  laminae  of  which  they  are  composed. 


No.  109  (Sp.  798) • — Mottled  Dolomite-Marble . 

Huronian. — Bed  V. — Chocolate  Marble  Quarry,  South  of  mouth  of  Carp,  L.  S. 

Light  reddish-brown,  inclining  to  rose,  mottled  with  gray  ; mi- 
nutely glittering. 

A very  tough,  hard,  fine-grained,  and  compact  siliceous  Dolo- 
mite, made  up  of  little  angular  masses,  to  ^ inch  across,  of  a 
reddish-white  and  of  a reddish-brown  color,  and  with  minute 
seams  of  silvery-gray  and  light  green  scales  of  Talc  disseminated 
throughout. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  reddish-white.  Effervesces  more 
briskly  in  cold  acid  than  No.  106,  and  leaves  much  white  residue 
after  solution. 

Weathered  surface  of  a dirty  cream  color,  and  rendered  uneven 
by  the  projection  of  certain  harder  laminae  (revealing  the  schistose 
structure  of  the  rock),  and  of  roughly  rhombohedral  crystals  of 
Dolomite  of  a reddish-brown  color,  inclining  to  rose,  and  about  y ( 
inch  across. 

No.  uo(Sp.  799)- — Talco- Siliceous  Dolomite. 

Huronian. — Bed  V. — Chocolate  Marble  Quarry,  South  of  mouth  of  Carp,  L.  S. 

Resembles  No.  108  in  color,  structure,  and  weathering  ; but  the 


6o 


APPENDIX  A. 


siliceous  layers  are  not  over  y inch  in  thickness,  and  without  the 
wavy  lamination.  The  Talc  is  also  more  irregularly  disposed  and 
in  thicker  seams. 

Fracture  uneven.  Effervesces  rather  more  briskly  in  acid  than 
No.  io 6,  leaving  much  residue  after  solution,  like  that  of  No.  108. 


No.  in  (Sp.  800). — Rosy  Talcose  Dolomite. 

Huronian. — Bed  V.— Chocolate  Marble  Quarry,  South  of  mouth  of  Carp,  L.  S. 

Resembles  No.  109  in  color,  and  No.  108  in  the  arrangement  of 
the  talcose  films  ; but  coarser  and  almost  devoid  of  the  siliceous 
laminae,  which  are  represented  only  by  a few  tiny  bunches,  hardly 
y2  an  inch  long.  Hence  the  lamination  cannot  be  distinguished  in 
the  hand  specimen.  A few  brownish-red  spots  on  some  of  the 
talcose  seams. 

Effervesces  slightly  with  acid.  The  residue,  insoluble  in  acid, 
contains  many  red  particles. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  reddish-white  and  greenish-white. 

In  another  specimen,  808,  the  plane  of  lamination  certainly 
coincides  with  that  of  the  talcose  seams,  being  revealed  over  the 
dirty  light-brown  weathered  surface  by  the  projection  of  the  thin 
edges  of  innumerable,  minute,  siliceous  laminae.  Rather  brisker 
effervescence  in  acid  than  with  No.  106. 


No.  1 12  (Sp.  809). — Mottled  Dolomite. 

Huronian. — Bed  V. — Chocolate  Marble  Quarry,  South  of  mouth  of  Carp,  L.  S. 

Greenish-gray,  with  shade  of  citrine-yellow,  mottled  throughout 
with  flesh-red,  and  with  irregular  stripes  of  gray,  brownish  gray, 
reddish-white,  and  reddish-brown. 

A compact,  tough,  hard,  coarsely  granular  Dolomite,  made  up  of 
coarse  layers,  1 to  3 inches  thick,  chiefly  of  a material  similar  to  that 
of  No.  in,  but  much  coarser,  partly  of  a finer  material  so  traversed 
by  talcose  and  argillaceous  films  as  to  assume  an  obliquely  laminated 
structure,  and  partly  of  a rather  coarse  aggregation  of  granules  of 
Quartz  and  Dolomite,  and  of  minute  scales  of  gray  Talc. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  usually  reddish-white.  Effervesces  rather 


APPENDIX  A. 


6 1 

more  briskly  in  acid  than  No.  106,  leaving  a very  large  residue, 
chiefly  white  Quartz,  with  some  red  granules. 

Weathers  very  roughly,  the  quartzose  layers  and  laminae  pro- 
jecting irregularly  and  considerably  above  those  more  calcareous. 

No.  1 13  (Sp.  81 1). — Rosy  Talcose  Dolomite . 

Huronian. — Bed  V. — Chocolate  Marble  Quarry,  South  of  mouth  of  Carp,  L.  S. 

Resembles  No.  108  in  color  and  material,  and  No.  no  in  the 
abundance  and  arrangement  of  the  Talc,  and  in  the  mode  and 
color  of  weathering.  Differs  from  both  in  the  indescribably  irreg- 
ular distribution  of  the  brown  Dolomite  and  the  somewhat  rarer 
Chert,  in  broken  seams  and  tiny  bunches  crossing  each  other  at  all 
angles  and  almost  concealing  the  plane  of  lamination. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  reddish- white.  Effervesces  more  briskly 
in  acid  than  No.  106. 

No.  ii4(Sp.  688). — Black  Quartz- Conglomerate. 

Huronian. — N.  side  Sect.  19 — T.  47 — R.  27. 

Brownish-black,  with  grayish-white  specks  ; glistening. 

A very  tough,  hard  and  compact,  coarse  Quartzyte,  consisting  of 
an  aggregate  of  small,  somewhat  angular,  fragments  of  smoky 
Quartz,  about  -Jg-  inch  across,  with  similar  fragments  of  colorless 
and  milky  Quartz,  and  small  flattened  particles  of  reddish-white 
Quartz,  and  bluish-brown,  brick-red  and  reddish-brown  Jasper, 
rarely  y2  inch  in  diameter,  arranged  in  mostly  parallel  planes  and 
so  suggesting  the  plane  of  bedding. 

Color  chiefly  due  to  the  smoky  Quartz,  with  slight  mottling  of 
the  other  varieties. 

Fracture  rather  uneven.  Streak  grayish- white. 

Weathering  to  a dark-brown  in  shade,  but  with  smooth  surface. 

No.  1 15  (Sp.  715). — Gray  QiLartz-Conglomerate. 

Huronian. — Bed  XIV. — Spurr  Mountain,  Sect.  24 — T.  48 — R.  31. 

Grayish-white,  mottled  with  olive-green  and  greenish  spots. 

A tough,  hard,  compact  Quartz  Conglomerate,  chiefly  made  up 


62 


APPENDIX  A. 


of  about  7 parts  of  somewhat  angular  masses  of  milky  Quartz,  up 
to  y inch  in  diameter,  with  about  3 parts  of  white,  fine-grained, 
laminated  Quartz,  soft,  arenaceous  Quartz,  and  green  Chloride 
Schist,  in  flat  angular  fragments,  sometimes  1 inch  across,  with  a 
little  smoky  Quartz  and  Chalcedony. 

Fracture  uneven.  Scratches  with  difficulty.  Streak  grayish-white. 
Seams  colored  brownish  by  Ochre,  apparently  from  decomposition 
of  the  Chlorite. 

Weathered  surface  of  the  same  color  as  the  fresh  fracture.  Frag- 
ments of  milky  Quartz  project  decidedly,  from  the  greater  softness 
of  the  arenaceous  Quartz  and  Chloride  Schist. 


No.  11 6 (Sp.  716). — Mottled  Quartz- Conglomerate. 

Huronian. — Bed  XIV. — Spurr  Mountain,  Sect.  24 — T.  48 — R.  31. 

Grayish-green,  mottled  with  greenish-white  spots  and  small 
grayish-black  glistening  specks. 

A tough,  hard,  compact,  coarse  Quartz-Conglomerate,  of  which 
about  half  the  bulk  is  composed  of  rounded  pebbles  of  white  (some- 
times slightly  greenish),  soft,  arenaceous  Quartz,  up  to  1 inch  in 
diameter.  The  matrix  is  made  up  of  about  equal  parts  of  milky 
Quartz,  inclining  to  Chalcedony,  and  smoky  Quartz,  in  small 
angular  fragments.  The  pebbles  sometimes  contain  minute  par- 
ticles of  Pyrite. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish  and  greenish-white. 

Weathered  surface  of  about  the  same  color  as  the  fresh  surface, 
but  a little  roughened  by  the  greater  softness  of  the  pebbles. 


No.  1 17  (Sp.  717). — Chloritic  Quartz- Conglomerate. 

Huronian. — Bed  XIV.— Spurr  Mountain,  Sect.  24 — T.  48 — R.  31. 

Blackish-green,  mottled  with  grayish-white  and  light-brown. 

A rather  tough,  compact  Conglomerate,  of  varying  hardness  and 
grain.  About  half  its  bulk  is  composed  of  rounded  pebbles,  some- 
times 1 y2  inch  across,  of  white  and  reddish-white  arenaceous 
Quartz.  The  matrix  consists  of  small  fragments  of  milky  and 
smoky  Quartz,  mingled  irregularly  with  a soft  chloritic  mineral,  in 
blackish-green  scales,  having  a light-green  streak. 


APPENDIX  A. 


63 


Fracture  uneven.  Streak  greenish  and  reddish-white,  light- 
green,  and  light  brownish-yellow'.  Minute  particles  of  Pyrite  are 
disseminated  through  the  pebbles  and  their  matrix,  but  are  mostly 
decomposed,  imparting  a brownish-red  mottling  to  the  pebbles,  to 
the  seams  of  the  rock,  and  to  its  weathered  surface.  Some  of  the 
seams  are  lined  with  the  chloride  mineral  in  thin  fibrous  sheets. 
The  same  was  observed  in  No.  118.  It  also  seems  to  occur  some- 
times in  lenticular  masses,  nearly  y2  inch  in  thickness. 

Weathers  roughly  and  irregularly,  the  siliceous  portion  of  the 
matrix  generally  projecting  above  the  remainder  of  the  rock. 


No.  1 18  (Sp.  718). — Greenish  Quartz- Conglomerate. 

Huronian. — Bed  XIV. — Spurr  Mountain,  Sect.  24 — T.  48 — R.  31. 

Blackish-green,  mottled  with  light  yellowish-brown  spots  and 
small  grayish  and  greenish-black  shining  specks. 

A tough,  hard,  compact  Quartz-Conglomerate  of  varying  grain. 
About  one-quarter  of  the  bulk  of  the  rock  is  made  up  of  rounded 
pebbles  of  reddish-white,  arenaceous  Quartz,  from  ^ to  1 inch  in 
diameter.  Matrix  greenish-black,  similar  in  composition  to  that  of 
No.  1 14,  but  chiefly  of  much  finer  texture;  is  mottled  by  small 
angular  fragments,  principally  of  smoky  Quartz,  and  occasionally 
of  green  Jasper,  crystallized  Pyrite,  and  blackish-green  scales  of 
the  soft  chloride  mineral  which  occurs  in  No.  117. 

Fracture  uneven,  sometimes  sub-conchoidal.  Streak  greenish- 
white  ; a few  reddish-brown  seams. 

Weathered  surface  reddish-brown  and  pretty  smooth. 

In  Sp.  719  the  pebbles  are  very  few  and  small,  and  contain  a 
little  more  Pyrite ; a very  tough,  and  rather  fine-grained  rock. 

Sp.  720  is  more  deeply  decomposed  by  weathering  (nearly  y2 
inch)  and  perhaps  contains  more  of  the  chloritic  mineral  in  its 
matrix. 

In  Sp.  721,  one  of  the  pebbles  reveals,  far  more  decidedly  than 
any  in  the  previous  specimens,  that  it  is  derived  from  a laminated 
material.  It  is  made  up  of  alternating  layers  of  a white,  rose-red, 
and  dark-greenish,  arenaceous  Quartz,  often  colored  and  mottled 
reddish-brown — apparently  by  the  decomposition  of  Pyrite. 


64 


APPENDIX  A. 


Sp.  727  contains  much  more  Pyrite,  in  particles  sometimes 
inch  across. 

Weathers  roughly,  the  grains  of  milky  and  smoky  Quartz  pro- 
jecting above  the  reddish  arenaceous  grains  and  masses,  the 
chloritic  mineral  being  eroded  the  most  deeply  of  all. 


No.  1 19.  — Kaolinic  Hematite- Breccia. 

Huronian. 

Gray  and  dull,  minutely  speckled  with  grayish-white,  and  with 
large  grayish-black  spots  ; a few  minute  glittering  points. 

A compact,  heavy,  hard,  coarse  Breccia,  made  up  of  about  equal 
parts  of  flattened  angular  grayish-black  fragments,  whose  dimen- 
sions range  from  tiny  flakes  up  to  one  inch  in  length,  and  inch 
thick,  which  have  mostly  a parallel  arrangement,  and  thus  impart  a 
schistose  structure — in  a gray  fine-grained  paste,  speckled  through- 
out with  grayish-white  particles,  some  of  which  are  over  inch 
across  and  rectangular.  The  pebbles  consist  of  a Jaspery  Hema- 
tite, generally  of  a minutely  laminated  structure,  composed  of  a 
dull  aphanitic  material  containing  many  glittering  points,  which 
are  revealed  under  the  lens  to  be  octahedra  of  Martite  ; its  hard- 
ness is  so  great  that  it  gives  a streak  with  a file,  which  is  partly 
metallic,  by  abrasion,  and  partly  brownish-red.  The  paste  consists 
of  about  seven  parts  of  similar  octahedra  of  Martite,  and  perhaps 
scales  of  Micaceous-Iron,  and  of  three  parts  of  grayish-white  Kaolin. 
Streak  brick-red. 

Fracture  hackly.  The  specimen  is  not  magnetic.  Weathers 
unevenly  and  roughly  to  about  the  same  color  as  the  fresh  fracture, 
covered  with  a film  of  brownish-red  Ochre. 


No.  120  (Sp.  875). — Red  Jasper -Conglomerate. 

Silurian. — Presqu’isle,  Marquette,  L.  S. 

Brownish-red  and  shining,  mottled  with  greenish-gray. 

A very  hard,  compact,  tough  Conglomerate,  ^ of  whose  bulk  is 
made  up  of  irregular  nodules,  1 to  3 inches  across,  of  brownish-red 


APPENDIX  A. 


65 


Jasper,  of  impalpable  texture,  rarely  crystalline,  sub-conchoidal 
fracture,  and  hardly  touched  by  the  file,  with  much  white  Quartz 
disseminated  throughout  in  tiny  seams,  bunches,  and  yellowish- 
brown  drusy  geodes,  sometimes  y2  inch  long.  A few  films  of  a 
reddish  and  yellowish-brown  softer  material,  with  light  reddish- 
brown  streak,  also  traverse  the  pebbles.  The  matrix  consists  of  a 
soft,  tough,  greenish-gray,  fine-grained  aggregate,  with  uneven 
fracture,  and  greenish-white  streak,  of  minute  granules  of  white 
and  greenish-white  Jasper,  smoky  Quartz,  grayish-white  scales  of 
silvery-gray  Mica,  tiny  flat  fragments  of  a brownish-black  material, 
etc.,  with  white  and  smoky  Quartz  dispersed  throughout  in  bunches, 
usually  y to  y2  inch  across. 

Weathers  unevenly,  the  nodules  projecting  roughly,  unchanged 
in  color. 


No.  121  (Sp.  878). — Brown  Jasper-Conglomerate. 


Silurian.— Presqu’isle,  Marquette,  L.  S. 


Dark  reddish-brown  and  dull  (matrix),  mottled  with  light  red- 
dish-brown and  sometimes  shining  (nodules). 

Resembles  No.  120.  The  pebbles,  however,  rarely  possess 
the  brownish-red  color,  but  are  of  a light  reddish-brown,  sometimes 
shining,  variegated  irregularly  with  specks  of  smoky  Quartz,  rarely 
y2  inch  across  : under  the  lens  the  whole  material  is  seen  to  be 
filled  with  minute  particles  of  smoky  Quartz  ; the  color  of  the 
pebbles  often  becomes  lighter  towards  their  edges,  and  white 
or  reddish-white  in  contact  with  the  matrix.  The  latter  consti- 
tutes -J  of  the  bulk  of  the  rock,  and  consists  of  a tough  material, 
harder  than  the  matrix  of  No.  120,  very  fine-grained,  and  some- 
times of  almost  impalpable  texture,  having  an  uneven  fracture,  and 
light  reddish-brown  streak.  It  is  also  mottled  with  a very  few 
round  spots,  ytg-  to  T3g-  inch  across,  of  a greenish-gray  material,  ex- 
actly like  that  of  the  matrix  of  No.  120,  and  is  apparently  only  a 
decomposed  variety  of  the  same  ; shows  about  the  same  constitu- 
ents under  the  lens,  with  a little  more  Mica,  a few  fragments  of 
brownish  Jasper,  and  a bright  blue  particle  ; is  also  traversed  by  a 
few  irregular  fissures  stained  blackish-brown,  and  is  sometimes 
speckled  with  tiny  particles  of  a soft,  white,  slightly  greenish  pow- 

5 


66 


APPENDIX  A. 


der.  The  bunches  and  geodes  of  white  Quartz  are  absent  from 
the  rock. 

No  weathered  surface  on  the  specimen. 

No.  122  (Sp.  1085). — Micaceous  Conglomerate- Schist . 

Huronian. — Bed  XIV. — S.  W.  of  the  old  Washington  Mine. 

Grayish- black,  with  irregular  but  parallel  stripes  of  grayish-white 
and  brownish-gray  ; glistening. 

A compact,  hard,  fine-grained  Mica-Schist,  of  a remarkably 
fibrous  structure,  which  consists  of  about  7 parts  of  grayish- 
white,  arenaceous  Quartz,  in  minute  granules  and  angular  masses, 
tV  inch  long,  and  3 parts  of  a steel-gray  mixture  of  black  and 
white  Mica,  in  silvery  scales  just  distinguished  by  the  lens,  and 
whose  elongated  shape  and  parallel  arrangement  impart  the  fibrous 
structure.  Smoky  Quartz  also  occurs  in  bunches  3^  to  3^  inch 
across,  and  the  rock  probably  contains  a little  Feldspar. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish-white,  purplish-gray  on  the 
micaceous  films,  suggesting  that  the  black  scales  may  consist  partly 
or  wholly  of  Micaceous-Iron.  The  cleavage  surfaces  are  mostly 
stained  brownish-gray. 

Weathers  unevenly,  to  a dirty  iron-black,  mottled  by  grayish- 
white  and  reddish-brown. 


No.  123  (Sp.  693). — Quart zose  Feldspar-Breccia. 

Boulder  from  Jackson,  Mich. 

Greenish-black,  with  specks  of  yellowish-green  and  smoky-gray, 
and  mottled  with  large  salmon-colored  spots. 

A hard,  compact,  rather  brittle,  coarse  Breccia,  of  porphyritic 
appearance.  About  5 parts  consist  of  angular  fragments  of  crys- 
tals of  a triclinic  Feldspar,  with  good  cleavage,  usually  from  y to 
y2  inch  across,  and  often  minutely  striated.  This  light  salmon 
color  contrasts  finely  with  the  darker  matrix,  and  the  frequent  red- 
dish-brown spots,  on  their  planes  of  cleavage,  are  evidence  of  a 
process  of  alteration.  Irregular  angular  fragments  of  smoky-gray 
Quartz,  3^  to  ^ inch  across,  and  of  yellowish-green  crystalline 
Epidote,  yV  to  inch  across,  are  disseminated  throughout,  each 


APPENDIX  A. 


67 


amounting  to  about  1 part.  The  matrix  amounts  to  about  3 
parts,  and  appears  under  the  lens  to  consist  chiefly  of  smoky-gray 
Quartz,  with  much  greenish-black  Epidote  (possibly  Actinolite  ?) 
disseminated  throughout  in  minute  needles,  often  arranged  in  radi- 
ating groups. 

Fracture  very  uneven  ; streak  grayish  and  reddish-white  ; effer- 
vesces slightly  in  acid. 

Weathers  unevenly,  with  a loss  of  lustre,  and  a deepening  of  the 
reddish-brown  color  in  the  Feldspar  crystals. 

(No  material  like  that  of  this  boulder  has  yet  been  found  in 
place.) 


No.  124  (Sp.  1487). — Schistose  Jasper-Breccia. 

Huronian. — Sunday  Lake  outlet  series — W.  side  Sect.  18 — T.  47 — R.  45. 

Greenish-white,  mottled  and  speckled  with  greenish-gray. 

A coarse,  hard,  compact  Breccia,  of  a material  resembling  that 
of  the  granular  layers  of  No.  167,  but  much  coarser.  It  consists 
of  angular,  and  often  flat  fragments,  of  greenish-gray  Jasper,  of  all 
sizes  up  to  y inch  in  length,  in  a matrix  of  minute  granules  of 
grayish-white  Quartz  and  greenish-gray  Jasper.  The  parallel  ar- 
rangement of  the  flat  fragments  produces  a schistose  structure. 

Fracture  sub-conchoidal.  Too  hard  for  the  file. 

Weathers  smoothly,  to  reddish  and  yellowish-brown,  to  a depth 
of  to  y2  inch. 

No.  125  (Sp.  1490). — Drusy  Jasper-Breccia. 

Huronian. — Lowest  bed,  Sunday  Lake  outlet  series — Sect.  13 — T.  47 — R.  46. 

Reddish-brown  spots,  mottled  with  sparkling  brownish-gray  and 
grayish-white. 

A hard,  tough,  cellular  Breccia,  made  up  of  angular  fragments, 
y to  2 inches  long,  of  the  two  varieties  of  Jasper  of  No.  173, 
partially  cemented  by  glassy  Quartz,  massive  and  in  tiny  crystals, 
so  that  the  rock  is  filled  with  small  drusy  geodes. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  on  some  fragments  brownish-red  and 
brownish-yellow. 

Weathers  unevenly,  with  a slight  polish,  and  to  a dirty  cream 
color. 


68 


APPENDIX  A. 


No.  126  (Sp.  990). — Grayish- White  Quart zyte. 

Huronian. — Slate  River,  Sect.  28 — T.  51 — R.  31. 

Grayish-white,  with  a light  shade  of  yellow  ; shining. 

A very  hard,  tough,  compact  Quartzyte,  of  moderate  fineness 
of  texture,  chiefly  made  up  of  grains  of  glassy  Quartz,  easily  dis- 
tinguishable on  a fresh  fracture,  through  which  are  disseminated 
fewer  and  more  minute  granules  of  milky  Quartz,  and  also  tiny  and 
rounded  particles  of  a soft  yellowish -white  substance. 

Fracture  uneven  and  rough.  A few  seams.  Streak  grayish-white. 

Weathered  surface  a shade  darker  than  the  fresh  fracture,  and 
taking  a good  polish  under  glacial  action,  which  better  reveals  its 
texture  ; certain  bands  of  slightly  grayer  color  than  the  bulk  of 
the  rock  apparently  indicate  its  plane  of  bedding. 

No.  127  (Sp.  991).  — Conglomeritic  Feldspathic  Quartzyte. 

Huronian. — Sect.  28 — T.  51 — R.  31. 

Grayish-black,  with  specks  of  grayish  and  reddish-white,  etc.  ; 
glistening. 

A very  hard,  tough,  cellular,  coarse,  conglomeritic  Quartzyte, 
made  up  of  angular  grains,  usually  inch  across.  It  consists  of 
about  6 parts  of  black,  smoky,  and  grayish-white  Quartz,  of  2 parts 
of  reddish-white  Feldspar,  and  2 parts  of  grayish,  blackish,  and 
greenish-white  Feldspar.  The  Feldspar  grains  have  a good  cleav- 
age and  lustre,  and  are  sometimes  to  inch  long.  A few  black 
fragments  resembling  Hornblende  were  observed.  The  interstices 
and  the  Feldspar-grains  are  very  generally  stained  with  films  of 
reddish-brown  and  brick-red  Ochre. 

Fracture  uneven. 

Weathers  unevenly  and  roughly,  with  a little  loss  of  lustre,  to  a 
blackish-brown,  to  the  depth  of  inch,  with  a reddish-brown  sec- 
tion, terminated  inwardly  by  a blackish-brown  band. 

No.  128  (Sp.  803). — Reddish-Brown  Quartzyte. 

Huronian. — Bed  V. — Chocolate  Marble  Quarry,  South  of  mouth  of  Carp,  L.  S. 

Gray,  inclining  to  reddish  or  light  chocolate-brown,  with  grayish- 
white  specks  ; shining. 


APPENDIX  A. 


69 


Material  chiefly  a mixture  of  smoky  and  white  and  glassy  Quartz, 
many  of  the  grains  of  which  (few  larger  than  ^ inch)  may  be  dis- 
tinguished. Much  Ferric  Oxide  is  disseminated  in  innumerable 
minute  seams  throughout  the  rock,  imparts  to  it  its  purple  tint, 
and  also  covers  its  larger  fissures.  On  the  surface  of  the  latter 
many  tiny  geodes  of  small  Quartz  crystals  occur,  but  these  are 
generally  filled  with  Ferric  Oxide. 

Fracture  uneven,  but  pretty  smooth.  Streak  reddish-white. 

The  weathered  differs  from  the  fresh  surface  chiefly  in  the  ab- 
sence of  all  lustre  ; is  rendered  somewhat  irregular  by  the  splitting 
of  the  rock  in  flakes,  on  account  of  its  many  minute  seams  ; and 
where  polished  by  glacial  action,  the  various  grains  of  which  it  is 
composed  are  very  well  displayed. 


No.  129  (Sp.  1251). — Light-Brown  Qnartzyte . 

Huronian.- — From  near  S.  i post,  Sect.  34 — T.  43 — R.  30. 

A light  shade  pf  snuff-colored  brown,  mottled  with  grayish- 
white  ; shining. 

A very  hard,  tough,  rather  coarse,  but  homogeneous,  compact 
Quartzyte,  made  up  of  particles  readily  distinguishable  by  the  eye  ; 
chiefly  a mixture  of  light-brown  and  white  or  glassy  Quartz,  with 
a few  seams  containing  small  crystals  of  Garnet  and  Actinolite,  and 
minute  scales  of  silvery-white  Mica. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish- white. 

Weathered  surface  grayish-white,  smooth,  and  often  polished  by 
glacial  action. 


No,  130  (Sp.  1471). — Flesh-Colored  Quartzyte. 

S.  £ post,  Sect.  10-47-45. 

Flesh-colored,  faintly  banded  with  grayish- white ; slightly  shining. 

A very  hard,  tough,  uniform,  fine-grained  rock,  with  granules 
easily  distinguishable,  and  of  laminated  structure.  The  bands  are 
usually  about  inch  in  thickness,  and  consist  of  alternations  of 
granules  of  light  reddish-brown  and  glassy  Quartz. 

Fracture  sub-conchoidal  and  smooth.  Streak  reddish-white. 


7 o 


APPENDIX  A. 


Weathered  surface  a little  lighter  in  color,  and  somewhat  rough- 
ened by  the  irregular  projection  of  some  of  the  laminae. 

Specimen  1472  is  more  coarsely  schistose,  composed  of  the  same 
material  (chiefly  of  the  flesh-colored  sort),  in  layers  about  an  inch 
thick,  alternating  with  layers  inch  thick,  of  a coarse  and 

crystalline  aggregation  of  granules  of  milky  and  glassy  Quartz,  and 
of  a soft  blackish-green  mineral,  with  many  small  geodes  lined  with 
crystals  of  these  two  minerals. 


No.  13 1 (Sp.  1243). — Smoky- Gray  Quartzyte. 

Huronian. — Michigammi  River. — Sect.  25 — T.  43 — R.  30. 


Smoky-gray,  minutely  speckled  with  grayish-white,  almost  with- 
out lustre. 

A hard,  very  compact,  and  tough,  rather  fine-grained,  uniform 
calcareous  Quartzyte,  which  appears  under  the  lens  to  consist  of 
about  equal  bulks  of  gray  and  grayish-white  Quartz,  interspersed 
with  a few  granules  of  smoky-gray  Quartz,  and  a few  tiny  facets  of 
Feldspar. 

Fracture  even.  Streak  grayish-white.  Effervesces  slightly  with 
acid.  A little  Pyrite  also  occurs  in  tiny  yellow  particles. 

Weathered  surface  smooth,  and  of  an  olive-color. 

Specimen  907  (Boulder  from  N.  W.  S.  9 — T.  49 — R.  33)  is  a 
little  finer  grained,  contains  no  Pyrite,  and  weathers  to  an  ashy- 
gray. 

The  color  of  Specimen  909  (Boulder  like  907)  is  of  a slightly 
lighter  shade ; a schistose  structure  can  be  just  distinguished,  and  it 
weathers  somewhat  unevenly  to  dirty  shades  of  greenish,  blackish, 
and  brownish-gray.  Effervesces  decidedly  in  acid. 


No.  132  (Sp.  1459). — Greenish-Gray  Quartzyte . 

Huronian. — N.  W.  £ of  S.  W.  £ of  Sect.  10 — T.  47 — R.  45. 

Dark  greenish-gray,  slightly  mottled  with  light  brownish-gray  ; 
dull. 

A fine-grained,  compact,  tough,  uniform  material,  with  granules 
distinguishable  by  the  lens,  and  of  schistose  structure,  chiefly  made 


APPENDIX  A. 


7 1 


up  of  smoky  Quartz,  with  a little  white  or  glassy  Quartz,  and  many 
minute  particles,  just  visible  to  the  eye,  of  a yellowish  or  reddish- 
brown  color. 

Fracture  sub-conchoidal.  Streak  greenish-white. 

Weathered  surface  smooth,  and  colored  two  or  three  very  light 
shades  of  drab. 

No.  133  (Sp.  812). — Rosy- Gray  Quartzyte. 

Huronian. — Bed  V. — Chocolate  Marble  Quarry. 


Rose-colored,  mottled  and  banded  with  ashy  or  brownish-gray  ; 
slightly  shining. 

A very  hard,  compact,  fine-grained  Quartzyte,  of  sub-schistose 
structure,  the  layers  being  usually  from  ^ to  2 or  3 inches  in  thick- 
ness. The  thickest  layers  are  of  a flesh-color,  inclining  to  rose, 
the  thinner  are  darker,  and  incline  to  grayish  ; and  both  these 
shades  are  often  mingled  in  the  same  layer.  When  the  color  is 
uniform,  the  texture  is  crypto-crystalline,  but  in  the  portions  of 
darker  and  mingled  colors,  the  minute  grains  are  easily  distinguish- 
able with  a lens. 

Fracture  sub-conchoidal  and  smooth,  but  covered  with  the  edges 
of  tiny  flakes  which  betoken  the  fineness  of  the  grain.  Streak  red- 
dish-white. One  thin  layer  consists  of  chocolate-brown  Argillyte 
(with  a light  pinkish  streak),  through  which  are  disseminated  many 
very  minute  seams  of  silvery-white  scales  of  Talc. 

The  weathered  surface  is  smooth,  lustreless,  and  banded,  the 
darker  layers  weathering  to  a blackish  color,  and  the  lighter  to  a 
light-brown. 


No.  134  (Sp.  816). — Slaty-Gray  Quartzyte. 

Huronian. — South  of  mouth  of  Carp,  L.  S. 

Specimen  covered  with  ripple  marks  ; grayish-white,  with  the 
slightest  shade  of  brown. 

A rather  brittle,  tough,  hard,  fine-grained,  compact,  schistose 
Quartzyte,  made  up  of  very  fine  granules,  ranging  often  in  size  up 
to  y1^-  of  an  inch,  and  generally  very  distinct.  Layers  generally 
about  y2  inch  in  thickness,  the  lines  of  lamination  being  usually  a 


7 2 


APPENDIX  A. 


crevice,  and  of  a darker  and  yellowish  tint ; a few  minute  seams 
of  Quartz  crossing  the  lamination  obliquely. 

Fracture  almost  even.  Chocolate-brown  spots  on  some  of  the 
surfaces  of  lamination.  Streak  grayish-white. 


No.  135  (Sp.  1473). — Brownish- Gray  Quart zyte. 

Iluronian. — S.  W.  4 Sect.  9 — T.  47 — R.  45. 

A light  brownish-gray,  slightly  mottled  with  light-gray,  and 
covered  with  large  reddish-brown  spots,  about  an  inch  in  diameter  ; 
shining. 

A very  hard,  tough,  uniform,  fine-grained  material,  with  distin- 
guishable granules,  chiefly  smoky  Quartz,  with  a very  little  glassy 
Quartz  ; while  the  spots  are  composed  of  a loose  aggregation  of 
small  granules  of  glassy  Quartz,  with  their  tiny  interstices  lined  or 
partly  filled  with  a brown  powder. 

Fracture  sub-conchoidal  and  smooth.  Streak  grayish-white. 

Weathered  surface  smooth  and  of  a light  grayish-drab  color, 
spotted  with  brown. 


No.  136  (Sp.  1476). — Bluish-Gray  Quartzyte. 

Huronian. — N.  E.  corner  Sect.  17 — T.  47 — R.  46. 

A cast-iron  gray,  with  a shade  of  dark  bluish-green  ; dull. 

A tough,  hard,  uniform,  calcareous  Quartzyte,  of  impalpable 
texture,  in  which  any  granules  can  barely  and  seldom  be  distin- 
guished by  the  lens.  Entirely  composed  of  smoky  Quartz. 

Fracture  nearly  conchoidal  and  very  smooth.  Streak  greenish- 
white.  Effervesces  slightly  with  acid. 

Weathering  smooth,  of  a dirty  cream  color,  and  rarely  pene- 
trating Ttg  of  an  inch  in  depth. 


No.  137  (Sp.  901). — Manganiferous  Smoky  Quartzyte. 

Huronian. — L’Anse  Iron  Range,  N.  W.  £ Sect.  9 — T.  47 — R.  33. 

Smoky-gray,  with  reddish  tint,  mottled  with  seams  of  brownish- 
yellow  ; dull. 


APPENDIX  A. 


73 


A very  compact,  hard,  tough,  fine-grained  Quartzyte,  consisting 
of  minute  granules  of  smoky,  and,  in  smaller  quantity,  grayish- 
white  Quartz,  with  many  minute  particles  interspersed  of  brownish- 
yellow  Ochre.  Large  irregular  seams,  uniformly  lined  with  brown- 
ish-yellow Ochre  and  with  a few  tiny  bunches,  films,  and  geodes  of 
lustrous  brownish-black  Pyrolusite  ; minute  glittering  crystals  of 
the  latter  are  also  disseminated  through  the  Ochre. 

Fracture  sub-conchoidal,  too  hard  for  the  file. 

Weathered  surface  uneven  and  covered  with  the  Ochre. 


No.  138  (Sp.  939). — Feldspathic  Quartzyte. 

Laurentian. — N.  side  of  Sect.  16 — T.  49 — R.  33,  south  of  Plumbago  Creek. 

Cast-iron  gray,  closely  covered  with  tiny  smoky-gray  specks. 

A very  hard,  tough,  compact,  fine-grained,  uniform  Quartzyte, 
made  up  of  smoky-gray  and  grayish-white  Quartz,  mostly  in  indis- 
tinguishable particles,  but  with  a few,  about  inch  in  diameter, 
with  much  Feldspar  of  the  same  color  disseminated  in  glistening 
facets  of  about  the  same  size,  and  a few  thin  flakes,  to  ^ inch 
long,  of  a soft,  blackish,  laminated  mineral,  with  gray  streak,  per- 
haps Argillyte,  by  whose  parallel  arrangement  a slightly  schistose 
structure  is  produced.  A few  irregular  fissures.  A vein  of  milky 
Quartz,  about  y inch  thick. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish-white. 

Weathers  evenly  to  a dirty  light  brownish-gray  color. 

Another  variety  may  be  described  as  follows 


(Sp.  9 77.) — Feldspathic  Quartz- Schist. 

N.  side  of  Sect.  27 — T.  51 — R.  32. 

Brownish-gray  ; slightly  glistening. 

A hard,  compact,  tough,  very  fine-grained  Quartz-Schist,  which 
appears  under  the  lens  to  consist  of  perhaps  7 parts  of  grayish- 
white  and  smoky-gray  Quartz,  in  minute  granules  rarely  ^ inch 
in  diameter,  and  3 parts  of  smoky-  or  brownish-gray  Feldspar, 
in  minute  angular  grains,  rarely  in  facets  with  good  cleavage 
and  lustre,  inch  long.  Olive-green,  shining  Chlorite  also 


74 


APPENDIX  A. 


occurs,  in  a few  minute  scales,  and  in  one  shining  oval  flake,  ^4 
inch  long. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  reddish-white.  A few  fissures  stained 
reddish-brown. 

Weathers  unevenly  to  a dirty  chocolate-brown,  covered  with 
minute  cream-colored  specks. 


No.  139  (Sp.  1478). — Jaspery  Quartzyte. 

Huronian. — £ post  between  Sects.  7 and  18 — T.  47 — R.  45. 

Bright  brownish-red,  and  speckled  with  white  and  gray  spots  ; 
dull. 

A hard,  somewhat  brittle,  granular,  but  compact  rock,  traversed 
by  numerous  irregular  fissures.  Chiefly  consists  of  rounded,  some- 
times nearly  spherical  grains,  rarely  over  ^ inch  in  diameter,  of 
brownish-red  Jasper,  set  in  a paste  of  white  and  smoky-gray  Chal- 
cedony. When  the  grains  are  spherical  their  section  presents 
somewhat  of  an  oolitic  appearance.  Many  other  minute  particles 
are  revealed  by  the  lens,  of  a yellowish-white  and  of  a black  color, 
and  the  separation  of  the  latter  from  the  powdered  rock  by  the 
magnet  identifies  them  as  Magnetic  Iron.  A hand  specimen 
slightly  affects  the  compass.  Some  of  the  surfaces  of  the  fissures 
and  of  tiny  cavities  are  drusy  with  Quartz  crystals  or  covered  with 
white  films  of  Chalcedony. 

Fracture  even.  Hardly  touched  by  a file. 

Weathers  about  y inch  deep,  with  a smooth  exterior  surface, 
and  of  dirty  reddish  and  yellowish-brown  colors,  darker  than  the 
fresh  surface. 


No.  140  (Sp.  1479). — Magnetic  Jaspery  Quartzyte. 

Huronian. — J post  between  Sects.  7 and  18 — T.  47 — R.  45. 

Cast-iron  gray,  mottled  with  reddish-brown  ; dull. 

Similar  in  texture  to  No.  139,  but  the  paste  predominates,  and 
is  of  a slightly  darker  shade  than  cast-iron  gray,  while  the  Jasper 
grains  are  of  a dull  reddish-brown,  larger  and  more  irregular  in 
shape.  Contains  more  Magnetite  disseminated  and  affects  the 
compass  more  decidedly.  The  fissures  are  sometimes  occupied  by 


APPENDIX  A. 


75 


films  of  exceedingly  minute  silvery-white  scales,  of  micaceous 
structure. 

Fracture  even.  Untouched  by  a file.  Powder  pinkish-gray  and 
dull.  The  magnet  separates  about  12  per  cent,  of  the  bulk,  in  a 
grayish-black  powder. 


No.  141  (Sp.  1477). — Chalcedonic  Quartzyte . 

Huronian. — \ post  between  Sects.  7 and  18 — T.  47 — R.  45. 

Smoky-gray,  with  irregular  streaks  and  spots  of  white  and  brown- 
ish-red ; dull. 

A compact,  hard  mass,  of  chalcedonic  Quartz,  through  which 
pass  many  seams,  somewhat  parallel,  of  smoky  and  glassy  Quartz 
and  brownish-red  Jasper,  with  black,  irregular  grains  of  Magnetite. 

Fracture  uneven,  or  sometimes  inclining  to  sub-conchoidal  and 
smooth.  Untouched  by  a file.  Powder  brownish-yellow  and  dull ; 
the  magnet  separates  about  10  per  cent,  of  the  bulk  in  a blackish- 
brown  powder.  A few  minute  particles  of  Pyrite. 

Weathered  surface  uneven  and  of  a brownish  color,  mottled  with 
black. 


No.  142  (Sp.  1225). — Reddish  Hematitic  Quartzyte. 

Huronian. — Felch  Mountain,  Sect.  32 — T.  42 — R.  28. 


Reddish-gray,  with  a few  minute  specks  of  bright  brownish-red. 

A very  hard,  compact,  tough,  fine-grained  Quartzyte,  chiefly 
made  up  of  granules  of  smoky  and  grayish-white  Quartz,  with  a 
very  few  scales  of  silvery-gray  Mica  and  minute  particles' of  brown- 
ish-red Ochre.  Hard  iron-black  micaceous  Hematite  is  dissemi- 
nated through  the  rock  in  large  glistening  seams  and  bunches, 
about  to  inch  thick,  associated  with  thin  bunches  of  finely 
granular  Magnetite. 

Fracture  even.  Too  hard  to  be  scratched  by  a file.  Powder  of 
Quartzyte,  free  from  ferruginous  veins,  is  reddish  and  slightly  glit- 
tering. Very  slightly  magnetic.  The  magnet  separates  about  4 
per  cent,  of  the  bulk  in  black  granules. 

Weathers  smoothly,  with  duller  shade. 


76 


APPENDIX  A . 


No.  143  (Sp.  993).  — Ochrey  Cellular  Quartzyte. 

Huronian. — Slate  River,  Sect.  28 — T.  51 — R.  31. 

Reddish-brown,  mottled  with  bright  brownish-yellow  and  smoky- 
gray. 

A hard,  tough,  cellular  Quartzyte,  made  up  of  minute  granules 
of  smoky-gray  and  grayish-white  Quartz,  with  its  cavities  lined 
with  a slightly  calcareous  aggregation  of  compact  reddish-brown  to 
brownish-black  Hematite  and  brownish-red  Hematite-Ochre,  in 
films  or  irregular  layers  and  bunches,  with  about  an  equal  quantity 
of  bright  brownish-yellow  Limonite-Ochre,  irregularly  intermingled. 
The  Quartzyte  appears  to  constitute  about  f of  the  bulk  of  the  rock, 
and  is  too  hard  for  the  file. 

Fractured  surface  exceedingly  cellular  and  uneven.  Streak 
brownish-red  and  bright  brownish-yeilow  on  the  bunches  of  ore. 
Effervesces  feebly  with  acid. 

No  weathered  surface  on  the  specimen. 


No.  144  (Sp.  902). — Banded  Quartz- Schist. 

Huronian. — L’Anse  Iron  Range. — N.  W.  ^ Sect.  9 — T.  49 — R.  33. 


Alternate  narrow  bands  of  smoky-gray  and  yellowish-brown ; 
dull. 

A very  hard,  compact,  fine-grained  Quartzyte,  of  almost  slaty 
structure,  made  up  of  layers,  -^2  to  inch  in  thickness,  of  two  ma- 
terials. The  one  consists  of  minute  granules  of  smoky  and  grayish- 
white  Quartz,  and  is  too  hard  for  the  file.  The  other,  of  the  same 
granules,  with  a greater  or  less  intermixture  of  yellowish,  rarely 
reddish-brown  Ochre,  producing  a kind  of  Jasper.  The  latter  are 
usually  the  softer,  and  give  a brownish-yellow,  rarely  a brownish- 
red  streak. 

Fracture  almost  even.  A few  tiny  seams  crossing  the  laminae 
transversely  or  obliquely,  with  tiny  faults,  and  filled  with  smoky 
Quartz  ; others  covered  with  a black  film. 

Weathers  with  an  even  surface,  colored  with  the  Ochre,  the 
harder  layers  projecting  slightly,  with  the  glacial  polish. 


APPENDIX  A. 


77 


No.  145  (Sp.  903). — Banded  Quartz- Schist. 

Huronian. — L’Anse  Iron  Range. 

Faint  narrow  bands  of  smoky-gray,  grayish-white,  and  light 
reddish-brown. 

A very  hard,  compact,  tough,  fine-grained  Quartz-Schist,  sim- 
ilar to  No.  144,  but  with  laminae  of  the  above-mentioned  three 
colors,  composed  of  very  minute  granules  of  smoky  Quartz  and 
grayish-white  Quartz,  intermingled  with  very  minute  particles  of 
reddish-brown  Ochre.  The  grayish-white  laminae  rarely  exceed  3^ 
inch  in  thickness.  Many  thin  seams  crossing  the  laminae  more  or 
less  obliquely,  with  tiny  faults,  minutely  drusy,  or  lined  with  tiny 
geodes  of  Quartz  often  covered  with  brownish-black  stains  and 
films  of  Pyrolusite. 

Fracture  uneven,  on  account  of  the  seams.  Too  hard  for  the  file. 

Weathered  surface  smooth  and  strongly  marked  with  the  bands. 


No.  146  (Sp.  1232). — Greenish  Quartz- Schist. 

Huronian. — S.  E.  \ Sect.  35 — T.  42 — R.  30. 

Greenish-gray,  mottled  with  grayish-white  ; shining. 

A hard,  compact,  coarse,  schistose  Quartzyte,  consisting  of  a 
mixture  of  smoky  and  white  or  glassy  Quartz,  without  distinguish- 
able grains,  with  less  than  of  its  bulk  of  a soft,  dark-green  trans- 
parent mineral,  in  tiny  fibrous  folia,  with  grayish-white  streak. 
The  laminae  of  the  latter  are  generally  arranged  parallel,  so  as  to 
impart  a schistose  structure. 

Fracture  sub-conchoidal  on  plane  of  lamination,  and  somewhat 
uneven  across  it.  Streak  grayish-white. 

Weathered  surface  slightly  darker  and  rather  uneven. 


No.  147  (Sp.  1092). — Chloritic  Quartz- Schist. 

Huronian. — Bed  XI. — South  of  Edwards  Mine. 

Blackish-green,  and  dull  on  the  fresh  fracture,  mottled  with 
tiny  grayish-white  spots,  grayish-black  and  shining  on  cleavage 
surfaces. 


73 


APPENDIX  A. 


A compact,  tough,  hard  schist,  made  up  of  about  6 parts  of 
grayish,  sometimes  greenish -white,  arenaceous  Quartz,  in  minute 
granules,  and  of  4 parts  of  shining  scales  of  black  and  brownish- 
gray  Mica  and  blackish-green  Chlorite,  usually  very  minute, 
but  sometimes  in  scales  y inch  across.  A peculiar  mottling 
is  imparted  to  the  cross-fracture  by  the  aggregation  of  the 
Quartz  in  angular,  often  rectangular  masses,  ^ to  \ inch 
long,  which  resemble  pseudomorphs  after  some  mineral  (per- 
haps Feldspar?).  Many  crystals  are  disseminated  through  the 
rock,  to  y inch  in  diameter,  of  a brown  mineral  which  re- 
sembles brown  Garnet. 

Fracture  somewhat  uneven.  Streak  white  to  greenish-gray. 
Cleavage  surfaces  are  often  stained  to  brownish-gray,  and  a fissure 
to  a blackish-brown. 

Weathers  unevenly  to  a reddish-brown,  the  crystals  before-men- 
tioned projecting  above  the  surface.  This  seems  to  be  a pseudo- 
morphous  rock,  perhaps  after  a porphyritic  Amphibole-Schist,  in 
which  the  Amphibole  has  been  entirely  altered  into  Chlorite  and 
Mica  and  the  Feldspar  into  Quartz. 


No.  148  (Sp.  801).  — Calcareous  Quartz-Schist. 

Huronian. — Bed  V. — Chocolate  Marble  Quarry,  South  of  mouth  of  Carp,  L.  S. 

Light  flesh-color,  with  a few  yellowish-white  and  smoky-gray 
bands. 

An  exceedingly  hard,  fine-grained,  and  compact,  calcareous 
Quartzyte,  giving  evidence  by  numerous  fissures  of  a somewhat 
rhomboidal  cleavage.  It  is  made  up  of  minutely  laminated  layers, 
about  y inch  in  thickness,  of  yellowish  and  grayish-white  chert, 
passing  into  smoky-gray,  alternating  with  layers  of  reddish-white 
and  flesh-colored  siliceous  Dolomite. 

Fracture  even,  on  account  of  the  cleavage,  but  it  is  rather  diffi- 
cult to  obtain  a fresh  surface.  Streak  white,  with  slightly  reddish 
tinge.  Very  feeble  effervescence  in  acid. 

Weathers  unevenly,  and  of  a dirty  reddish-white  color. 

Another  specimen,  Sp.  802,  has  a slight  film  of  Micaceous- 
Iron  on  the  surface  of  one  fissure.  Very  feeble  effervescence 
with  acid,  like  801. 


APPENDIX  A. 


79 


No.  149  (Sp.  891).  — Opaline  Quartz- Schist. 

Huronian. — L’Anse  Iron  Range,  near  Centre  N.  W.  £ Sect.  9 — T.  49 — R.  33. 

Grayish-white  and  smoky,  mottled  with  glistening  brownish-yel- 
low and  lustrous  brownish-black. 

An  exceedingly  hard,  compact,  brittle,  fine-grained,  schistose 
Quartzyte,  composed  of  granules,  hardly  distinguishable,  of  smoky 
and  white  Quartz,  and  with  perhaps  y of  its  bulk  of  bright,  brown- 
ish-yellow, glistening  semi-opal,  disseminated  throughout  in  thin 
layers,  somewhat  parallel,  and  in  irregular  bunches.  Many  irregu- 
lar seams  lined  with  films,  and  sometimes  with  tiny  crystalline 
bunches,  of  brownish-black  Pyrolusite. 

Fracture  uneven.  Too  hard  for  the  file. 

Weathers  rather  evenly,  with  a smoky  color,  striped  and  mottled 
with  yellowish-brown. 


No.  150. — Talcose  Quartz- Schist. 

Huronian. — S.  of  Foster  Mine,  on  the  road  to  Maillet’s  Camp. 

Brownish-gray,  mottled  with  smoky-gray ; shining. 

A compact,  hard,  coarse  Quartz-Schist,  made  up  of  about  7 parts 
of  milky  to  smoky-gray  Quartz,  in  irregular  lenticular  bunches, 
about  y2  to  1 inch  long,  and  y to  y inch  thick  in  the  centre,  and 
of  nearly  3 parts  of  brownish-gray  Talc,  with  greasy  feel  and  white 
streak,  in  thin  silvery  flakes  and  films  enveloping  the  bunches  of 
Quartz. 

Fracture  hackly. 

Weathers  unevenly  to  a smoky-gray,  mottled  with  reddish-gray. 

No.  15 1 (Sp.  734). — Magnetic  Quartz-Schist. 

Huronian. — Bed  XIII. — Spurr  Range,  E.  side  Sect.  23 — T.  48 — R.  31. 

Reddish-brown,  inclining  to  light  purple,  with  a few  narrow 
black  bands. 

A hard,  fine-grained,  compact  schist,  made  up  of  layers  of 
Quartzyte,  about  an  inch  thick,  alternating  with  black,  glittering, 
ferruginous  layers,  about  y inch  thick.  The  Quartzyte  consists 
chiefly  of  minute  granules  of  reddish-brown  Quartz,  with  a little 


8o 


APPENDIX  A. 


grayish-white  Quartz,  black  scales  of  Micaceous-Iron  (rarely 
octahedral),  and  silvery-gray  scales  of  Mica.  Irregular  veins  and 
bunches  traverse  it,  consisting  of  an  aggregate  of  granules  of  yel- 
lowish and  brownish-white  Quartz  and  black  scales  of  Micaceous- 
Iron.  The  ferruginous  layers  consist  of  minute  granules  of 
reddish-brown  Quartz,  with  a larger  proportion  of  minute,  glitter- 
ing, black  scales,  some  of  which  are  octahedral.  When  this  mineral 
is  finely  powdered,  about  35  per  cent,  of  the  bulk  is  taken  up  by  a 
magnet. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  reddish-brown  on  the  black  layers; 
and  the  powder,  reddish-gray,  slightly  glittering.  The  Quartzyte 
is  too  hard  for  the  file.  Magnetic,  and  with  polarity. 

Weathers  unevenly  to  a light  yellowish-brown  color. 


No.  152  (Sp.  740). — Magnetic  Quartz- Schist. 

Huronian. — Bed  XIII. — Spurr  Range,  E.  side  Sect.  23 — T.  48 — R.  31. 

Speckled  reddish-gray,  with  narrow  glittering  bands  of  iron- 
black. 

A fine-grained,  hard,  compact,  and  brittle  schist,  made  up  of 
quartzose  layers,  about  I y inches  thick,  with  layers  of  Magnetite, 
to  y2  inch  in  thickness.  The  former  consist  of  an  aggregate 
of  granules  of  grayish-white  and  brownish-red  Quartz,  particles 
of  a blackish  color,  and  minute  silvery  scales  of  grayish  Mica. 
The  black  layers  consist  of  the  usual  aggregate  of  grayish- 
white  and  brownish  granules  of  Quartz  and  minute  octahedra  of 
Magnetite. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  reddish-white  on  the  quartzose,  iron- 
black  on  the  magnetic  layers.  Many  irregular  fissures  across  the 
quartzose  layers,  colored  light  brownish-yellow.  Strongly  mag- 
netic, and  with  polarity.  Powder  of  black  layers  is  blackish-gray 
and  glittering.  The  magnet  takes  up  all  the  powder,  the  grayish- 
white  Quartz  granules  becoming  distinct  towards  the  latter  part  of 
the  operation. 

No  weathered  surface  on  the  specimen.  The  quartzose  layers 
are  soft  to  crush,  and  give  a lighter  reddish-gray,  dull  powder,  from 
which  the  magnet  separates  about  13  per  cent,  of  the  bulk  in  black 
granules. 


APPENDIX  A. 


81 


No.  153  (Sp.  999). — Magnetic  Quartz- Schist. 

Huronian. — Felch  Mountain,  Sects.  32  and  33 — T.  42 — R.  28. 

Lustrous  cast-iron-gray,  inclining  to  bluish,  speckled  and  slightly 
striped  with  brownish-red,  rarely  with  grayish  and  reddish- 
white. 

A very  hard,  compact,  fine-grained,  crystalline  rock — an  aggre- 
gate of  minute  crystalline  particles  of  Magnetite,  without  distinct 
form,  which  glitter  under  the  lens,  and  of  minute  granules  of  gray- 
ish and  reddish-white  Quartz,  which  are  irregularly  disseminated 
throughout  the  rock  in  small  particles,  lenticular  masses,  and 
parallel  laminae,  y1^  to  ■§■  inch  thick,  which  resemble  a coarse  Jasper. 
Small  veins  and  bunches  occur,  of  glistening  micaceous  Magnetite, 
sometimes  y2  inch  long. 

Fracture  rather  even,  streak  iron-black,  dotted  with  reddish- 
brown.  Very  feebly  magnetic.  Powder  reddish-brown  and  dull ; 
the  magnet  separates  about  iy  per  cent,  of  the  bulk. 

Weathered  surface  smooth,  but  harsh  to  the  touch,  the  minute 
granules  being  irregularly  removed. 


No.  154  (Sp.  1227). — Hcmatitic  Quartz- Schist. 


Huronian. — Felch  Mountain,  Sects.  32  and  33 — T.  42 — R.  28. 

Alternate  lustrous  bands  of  bluish-black  and  of  brownish-black, 
speckled  with  brownish-gray. 

A hard,  compact,  fine-grained  schist,  made  up  of  layers,  about 
y2  inch  thick,  of  fine-grained  Hematite,  consisting  of  particles  visible 
to  the  eye,  and  which  under  the  lens  appear  somewhat  octahedral 
in  form,  together  with  minute  granules  of  brownish-gray  Quartz — 
alternating  with  thicker  layers  of  Quartzyte,  in  which  granules  of 
white  and  smoky  Quartz  greatly  predominate.  A few  glistening 
scales  and  bunches  of  Micaceous-Iron  occur. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  dark  reddish-brown.  Powder  reddish- 
brown  and  glittering.  Not  magnetic.  The  magnet  separates  about 
1 per  cent,  of  the  bulk. 

Weathers  rather  smoothly,  the  quartzose  layers  assuming  a red- 
dish-white color. 

6 


82 


APPENDIX  A. 


No.  155  (Sp.  1236). — Hematitic  Quartz- Schist. 

Huronian. — Sect.  31 — T.  42 — R.  29,  Upper  Menominee  Range. 

| Cast-iron-gray,  with  bluish  shade. 

A hard,  compact,  fine-grained,  arenaceous  Quartz-Schist,  with 
coarse  columnar  structure.  Under  the  lens  its  minute  granules  are 
shown  to  be  grayish-white  Quartz  and  iron-black  irregular  scales  of 
Micaceous-Iron.  Weathered  seams  connected  with  the  columnar 
cleavage,  stained  reddish-,  yellowish-,  and  blackish-brown,  or  gray- 
ish-white, and  sometimes  lined  with  coarser  scales  of  Micaceous- 
Iron. 

Fracture  even.  Streak  light  reddish-brown.  Powder  reddish- 
gray  and  glittering  ; the  magnet  separates  about  4 per  cent,  of  the 
bulk,  in  black  granules. 

Weathers,  with  a slightly  ribbed  surface,  to  a blackish-brown 
color. 


No.  156  (Sp.  994). — Ferruginous  Quartz- Schist. 

Huronian. — Slate  River,  Sect.  28 — T.  51 — R.  31. 


Smoky  gray  and  grayish-white,  speckled  and  mottled  with 
bright  brownish-yellow  and  a few  black  and  reddish-brown 
spots. 

A very  hard,  tough,  fine-grained,  schistose  Quartzyte,  somewhat 
cellular,  but  much  less  so  than  No.  143.  It  is  composed  of  minute 
granules  of  smoky  and  grayish-white  Quartz,  intermingled  with 
about  y of  its  bulk  of  irregular  calcareous  veins  and  bunches  of 
compact  reddish  and  blackish-brown  Hematite,  of  which  the  core  is 
generally  converted  into  bright  brownish-yellow  Limonite-Ochre. 
The  small  cavities  are  lined  with  layers  or  films  of  the  two  ores,  and 
are  sometimes  drusy  with  Quartz  crystals.  A very  few  facets  of 
brownish-gray  Calcite,  sometimes  y inch  across,  occur  on  the  sur- 
face of  the  Quartz. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  of  the  bunches  of  ore  reddish-brown, 
and  bright  brownish-yellow.  The  bedding  seams  are  stained  red- 
dish-brown. 

No  weathered  surface  on  the  specimen. 


APPENDIX  A. 


83 


No.  157  (Sp.  883). — Limonitic  Quartz- Schist. 

Huronian. — S.  E.  \ of  S.  W.  \ Sect.  9 — T.  49 — R.  33. 

Light-brown,  slightly  mottled  with  grayish-white  ; slightly  lus- 
trous. 

An  exceedingly  hard,  compact,  tough  Quartzyte,  of  somewhat 
schistose  structure  (denoted  by  a few  irregular  grayish-white 
bands),  and  of  a very  fine-grained  texture  ; consists  of  minute 
granules  of  grayish-white  Quartz,  more  or  less  intermixed  with, 
and  colored  by,  brownish  Ochre. 

Fracture  uneven  to  conchoidal.  Too  hard  for  the  file.  Many 
tiny  transverse  veins  and  bunches  of  white  and  glassy  Quartz. 

Weathers  unevenly,  and  with  the  color  unchanged. 


No.  158  (Sp.  1484). — Green  Banded  Siliceous  Schist . 

Huronian. — Sunday  Lake  Outlet,  W.  side  Sect.  18 — T.  47 — R.  45. 

Greenish-gray,  with  narrow  blackish-gray  stripes. 

A compact,  homogeneous,  tough,  hard,  siliceous  schist,  of  almost 
impalpable  grain,  made  up  of  laminae,  from  ^to-J  inch  in  thick- 
ness, of  the  two  colors  above  mentioned  ; chiefly  composed  of 
Quartz,  with  a few  small  scales  of  Mica,  and  is  probably  covered 
by  a small  quantity  of  Chlorite,  a few  minute  fissures,  sometimes  2 
or  3 inches  long,  crossing  the  lamination  transversely,  occasionally 
with  tiny  faults. 

Fracture  even.  Streak  greenish-white. 

Weathers  smoothly,  to  the  depth  of  about  -§-  inch,  to  a reddish- 
brown  color,  mottled  and  banded  with  brownish-yellow.  The 
transverse  fissures  and  seams  of  lamination,  just  below  a weathered 
surface,  are  often  colored  brownish  or  yellowish  by  the  weather- 
ing. 

Specimen  1499  is  a slate  of  a greenish  and  brownish-gray  color, 
with  lines  and  stripes  of  reddish-brown,  exactly  like  the  lighter- 
colored  layers  of  1484  in  material,  color,  etc.,  but  is  calcareous. 
Effervesces  with  acid. 

Weathers  rather  unevenly  to  a reddish-brown  color,  mottled  with 
yellowish  shades  ; and  the  crevices  also  assume  these  colors. 

Specimen  1500  is  exactly  like  the  lighter-colored  layers  of  1484, 


84 


APPENDIX  A. 


but  with  layers  f-1  inch  thick,  colored  reddish-brown  along  the 
crevice  of  lamination.  A few  fissures  covered  with  a film  of 
Calcite. 

Specimen  1493  is  a blackish  Siliceous  Slate.  Alternate  narrow 
stripes  of  greenish-,  blackish-,  and  brownish-gray,  resembling 
1484;  but  with  layers  about  £ inch  in  thickness,  and  calcareous. 
Effervesces  with  acid. 

Weathers  smoothly  to  a dirty-brownish  color,  some  of  the  harder 
laminae,  of  a reddish-brown  color,  slightly  projecting. 


No.  159  (Sp.  1508). — Argillaceous  Siliceous  Slate. 

Huronian. — S.  side  of  S.  E.  i Sect.  10 — T.  47 — R.  45. 

Alternate  stripes  of  light  chocolate-brown  and  brownish-gray. 

A compact,  fine-grained  slate,  made  up  of  alternate  laminae  ^ to 
•§■  inch  thick,  of  brownish-gray  Siliceous  Slate,  and  chocolate-brown 
Argillyte.  Minute  scales  of  Mica  or  Talc  are  disseminated  through- 
out. 

Streak  reddish-white. 

Weathers  smoothly,  with  a surface  faintly  banded  with  dirty  shades 
of  green  and  brown.  A transition  rock  between  Argillyte-Slate  and 
Siliceous  Schist. 


No.  160  (Sp.  806). — Greenish  Siliceous  Schist  (. Novaculyte ). 

Huronian. — Bed  V. — Chocolate  Marble  Quarry,  South  of  mouth  of  Carp,  L.  S. 

A very  light  greenish-gray  and  reddish-white,  much  mottled  in 
an  irregular  manner  with  reddish-brown  ; slightly  shining. 

A hard,  compact,  fine-grained  schist,  made  up  of  the  greenish- 
gray  Novaculyte,  with  an  almost  equal  quantity  of  the  reddish- 
brown  argillaceous  material,  irregularly  intermingled.  The  former 
is  as  usual  chiefly  made  up  of  Quartz,  with  a small  quantity  of 
silvery  scales  of  greenish-gray  Talc,  and  with  films  and  scales  of 
greenish-gray  Talc  so  arranged  as  to  impart  the  finely  laminated 
structure.  Reddish-white  and  grayish-white  Quartz  also  occurs  in 
segregated  veins  and  spherical  bunches  of  concentric  structure, 
from  1 to  2 y2  inches  in  diameter. 


APPENDIX  A.  85 

Weathers  smoothly  and  of  a light  brownish-gray,  but  with  the 
quartzose  bunches  projecting. 


No.  161  (Sp.  807). — Greenish-Drab  Siliceous  Slate  (Novaculyte). 

Huronian. — Bed  V. — Chocolate  Marble  Quarry,  South  of  mouth  of  Carp,  L.  S. 

A light  shade  of  greenish-drab,  sometimes  passing  into  reddish, 
mottled  and  banded  with  light  reddish-brown  ; slightly  shining. 

A compact,  fissile  Siliceous  Slate,  which  is  harder  than  No.  190, 
and  whose  stratification,  at  an  angle  of  450  with  the  slaty  lamination, 
is  apparently  denoted  by  the  bands,  about  an  inch  thick,  of  light 
reddish-brown  color  (much  lighter  than  that  of  No.  190),  speckled 
with  minute  lenticular  olive-green  spots.  A schistose  Novaculyte, 
apparently  made  up  of  Quartz  and  exceedingly  minute  scales  of 
greenish-gray  Talc. 

Weathered  surface  even  and  of  dirty-brown  and  reddish-brown 
shades.  Streak  greenish-white. 

Another  specimen,  805,  is  striped  throughout  by  reddish-brown, 
parallel,  and  mostly  continuous  bands,  y to  y inch  thick.  The 
plane  of  these  layers  forms  an  angle  of  about  70°  with  that  of  the 
slaty  lamination,  and  their  granular  material  consists  of  grains  of 
Quartz,  enveloped  in  argillaceous  laminae,  forming  little  bunches. 

In  804  the  brown  layers  are  obscure  and  irregular. 


No.  162  (Sp.  1509). — Banded  Talco-Siliceous  Slate. 

Huronian. — S.  side  of  S.  E.  J Sect.  10 — T.  47 — R.  45. 

Alternate  stripes  of  brownish-gray  and  greenish-gray,  made  up 
of  layers  to  f inch  thick,  of  brownish-gray  Quartz,  with  a little 
Feldspar,  and  others  of  a greenish-gray  color,  apparently  of  minute 
granules  of  Feldspar,  and  tiny  scales  of  greenish-gray  Talc.  The 
slaty  lamination  makes  an  angle  of  about  250  with  the  bedding  lines. 

Streak  greenish-white.  Before  the  blowpipe  the  material  of  the 
talcose  layers  fuses  at  about  5,  while  a thin  splinter  from  the  silice- 
ous layers  is  only  covered  with  a film  of  enamel. 


86 


APPENDIX  A. 


No.  163  (Sp.  1458). — Ferruginous  Siliceous  Slate. 

Huronian. — N.  side  of  S.  E.  £ Sect.  7 — T.  47 — R.  45. 

Dark  greenish-black  and  slightly  lustrous. 

A hard,  compact,  homogeneous  slate,  of  impalpable  texture,  in 
which  only  a few  minute  glittering  scales  can  be  distinguished  by 
the  eye  or  lens.  The  specimen  is  remarkable  for  a series  of  several 
peculiarly  sharp  cleavage-planes,  by  three  of  which  the  rock  is  divi- 
ded up  into  inclined  rhombohedrons,  with  sharp  angles.  By  one 
of  these  cleavages  a finely  laminated  structure  is  produced,  which 
imparts  a fibrous  surface  to  the  cleavage  plane  which  crosses  the 
laminae. 

Streak,  light  brownish-yellow. 


No.  164  (Sp.  1503). — Ferruginous  Siliceous  Slate. 

Huronian. — Sunday  Lake  Outlet  Series. 

Drab,  with  a slight  brownish  shade,  and  a few  narrow  grayish- 
white  and  reddish-brown  bands;  dull. 

A very  hard,  compact,  and  fine-grained  Siliceous  Slate,  consisting 
of  very  minute  granules  of  brownish-gray  Quartz,  a little  Chlorite  (?), 
and  a little  Mica  in  silvery-gray  scales,  which  glitter  on  a fresh 
fracture  in  the  sun.  Slight  differences  in  the  shade  of  color  dis- 
tinguish the  laminae  of  the  rock,  especially  near  the  weathered  sur- 
face. A few  thin  layers  of  grayish-white  Chalcedony  occur. 

Fracture  sub-conchoidal.  Streak  brownish-white,  a few  seams 
drusy  with  Quartz. 

Weathered  surface  smooth,  and,  like  that  of  many  weathered 
seams,  brownish-black  ; the  interior  of  the  rock  being  reddish- 
brown,  to  a depth  of  -J-  to  J inch. 


No.  165  (Sp.  747). — Hematitic  Siliceous  Schist. 

Boulder  near  \ post  Sects.  34  and  35 — T.  48 — R.  27,  Deer  Lake. 

Cast-iron  gray,  with  reddish  shade,  striped  with  brownish-red 
lines ; dull. 

A very  hard,  compact,  homogeneous  and  fine-grained  schist, 


APPENDIX  A. 


87 


with  few  particles  visible  to  the  eye  ; but  consists  of  very  minute 
granules  of  smoky  Quartz,  intermingled  with  red  Ochre  and  minute 
scales,  probably  of  Micaceous-Iron.  The  Ochre  predominates  in 
many  of  the  minute  laminae,  marking  the  stratification  and  rendering 
them  softer  and  of  a brownish-red  color. 

Fracture  sub-conchoidal.  Streak  cherry-red. 

Weathers  unevenly,  but  smoothly,  the  harder  layers  projecting 
irregularly,  and  receiving  a slight  polish. 


No.  1 66  (Sp.  1485). — Banded  Jasper-Schist. 


Huronian. — Sunday  Lake  Outlet,  W.  side  Sect.  18 — T.  47 — R.  45. 


Narrow  bands  of  reddish-brown,  yellowish-brown,  brownish- 
black,  and  brownish-gray. 

An  exceedingly  hard,  compact,  brittle  schist,  made  up  of  layers 
of  fine-grained  Jasper,  almost  of  impalpable  texture,  of  the  above- 
mentioned  colors,  yg-  to  i inch  thick.  A few  seams  of  a bright 
brownish- red  mineral,  sometimes  drusy. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  of  some  softer  laminae,  reddish-brown. 

Weathers  smoothly,  and  unchanged  in  color. 


No.  167  (Sp.  i486). — Banded  Jasper-Schist. 


Huronian. — Sunday  Lake  Outlet,  W.  side  Sect.  18 — T.  47 — R.  45. 


Narrow  bands  of  bright  brownish-red,  grayish,  and  gray  speckled 
with  red. 

A Jasper-Schist  resembling  No.  166,  but  having  many  layers, 
finely  granular,  with  tiny  fragments  of  smoky,  grayish- white, 
greenish-gray,  and  reddish-white  Quartz,  and  bright  brownish-red 
Jasper;  others  are  chiefly  composed  of  the  latter  Jasper,  slightly 
speckled  with  greenish-gray  Jasper;  and  many  thin  laminae  consist 
of  smoky-gray  Chalcedony.  Many  minute  seams  occur,  crossing 
the  layers  obliquely,  with  tiny  faults,  and  filled  with  the  material  of 
the  granular  layers. 

Fracture  sub-conchoidal.  Too  hard  for  the  file. 


88 


APPENDIX  A. 


Weathered  surface  smooth,  and  a little  darker  in  color  and  duller 
than  the  fresh  fracture. 


No.  168  (Sp.  1491). — Banded  Jasper-Slate. 


Huronian. — Sunday  Lake  Outlet,  Sect.  13 — T.  47 — R.  46. 

Bright  brownish-red,  with  glittering,  brownish-black,  parallel 
lines. 

Chiefly  consists  of  brownish-red  Jasper,  not  quite  so  bright  as  that 
of  No.  173,  interlaminated  with  many  thin  parallel  films  of  smoky- 
gray  Jasper,  often  with  crevices  drusy  with  brownish-black  and 
yellowish-brown  acicular  crystals,  resembling  Gothite,  and  having 
a brownish-yellow  streak.  A few  transverse  fissures,  covered  with 
a drusy  film  of  the  same  mineral. 

Fracture  even.  Too  hard  for  the  file. 

Weathers  smoothly,  with  a slight  polish  and  unchanged  in 
color. 

Specimen  1492  is  a hard,  compact,  brownish-black  layer,  \ inch 
thick,  corresponding  to  the  blackish  laminae  in  1491.  Consists  of 
smoky-gray  Jasper,  with  minute  crystals  of  the  brownish-black 
mineral  disseminated  throughout. 

Fracture  even.  Streak  brownish-yellow. 


No.  169  (Sp.  1510). — Banded  Jasper-Slate. 

Huronian. — N.  side  of  S.  E.  £ of  Sect.  8 — T.  47 — R.  45. 

Dark  greenish-gray  and  dull,  with  grayish-white  and  chocolate- 
brown  narrow  bands. 

A very  hard,  compact,  tough,  and  fine-grained  slate,  made  up  of 
films  and  laminae  of  different  colors  and  shades,  up  to  inch  in 
thickness.  It  consists  of  very  minute  granules  of  grayish-white 
Quartz,  with  perhaps  a little  Chlorite.  (?)  The  color  varies  in  the  dif- 
ferent laminae,  becoming  of  a darker  green,  with  a larger  intermix- 
ture of  Chlorite,  of  a greenish-  or  grayish-white  where  the  Chlorite 
is  lacking,  and  of  a chocolate-brown  where  the  Chlorite  has  decom- 
posed. 


APPENDIX  A. 


89 


Fracture  even.  Streak  greenish-white. 

Weathered  surface  smooth,  and  covered  on  a section  with  alter- 
nate cream-colored  and  chocolate-brown  narrow  bands. 


No.  170  (Sp.  1506). — Green  Jasper-Slate. 


Huronian. — N.  side  of  S.  E.  £ of  Sect.  7 — T.  47 — R.  45. 


Dark  greenish-gray  and  dull,  with  a few  narrow  glittering 
bands. 

A very  hard  and  brittle,  banded  Jasper-Slate,  made  up  of  loosely 
compacted  layers,  about  inch  thick,  and  consisting  partly  of 
green  Jasper  and  partly  of  very  minute  granules  of  smoky  and 
white  Quartz  with  a little  Chlorite.  (?)  In  some  layers  coarser  gran- 
ules of  smoky  and  white  Quartz  predominate,  whose  fresh  fracture 
produces  the  slight  glittering  appearance,  together  with  a very  few 
scales  of  Mica. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  greenish-white. 

Weathering  smooth,  and  of  a brownish-black  color,  the  weather- 
ed interior  seams  assuming  yellowish-  and  reddish-brown  shades. 

In  another  variety  (1 507)  the  coarser  layers  are  absent. 


No.  17 1 (Sp.  690). — Magnetic  Jasper-Slate. 

Huronian. — Bed  X. — Near  centre  Sect.  19 — T.  47 — R.  27. 

Iron-black,  striped  with  greenish- gray. 

A fine-grained,  compact,  hard,  slaty  Magnetite,  interlaminated 
with  greenish-gray  Jasper,  translucent  on  the  edges  ; layers  from 
Jg-  to  J inch  thick.  The  layers  of  Magnetite  glitter  with  minute 
points,  which,  under  the  lens,  appear  almost  always  to  be  irregular 
scales,  sometimes  rectangular,  and  rarely  octahedral.  These  layers 
are  further  divided  into  thin  laminae,  by  seams  whose  surfaces  are 
of  a dirty  yellowish-  and  reddish-brown  color. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  iron-black  on  the  layers  of  Magnetite, 
those  of  Jasper  being  untouched  by  the  file.  Feebly  magnetic 
with  slight  polarity.  Powder  light  reddish-brown,  and  almost 
dull. 


90 


APPENDIX  A. 


Weathers  smoothly,  the  Jasper  layers  slightly  darkening  in  color, 
and  those  of  Magnetite  assuming  a brownish-black. 


No.  172  (Sp.  1480). — Hematitic  Jasper- Schist. 

Huronian. — Sunday  Lake  Outlet,  Sect.  18 — T.  47 — R.  45. 


Dull  chocolate-brown,  with  faint  narrow  and  slightly  lustrous 
bands,  and  a few  minute  white  specks. 

A hard,  compact,  and  very  fine-grained  schist,  made  up  of  layers, 
alternately  dull  and  slightly  lustrous.  The  former  are  about 
inch  thick,  and  consist  of  exceedingly  minute  granules  of  Hema- 
tite and  of  smoky  and  grayish-white  Quartz,  the  latter  greatly 
predominating,  and  sometimes  so  much  so  as  to  render  the  layer 
decidedly  quartzose  ; they  also  contain  minute  scales  of  silvery-gray 
Mica.  The  lustrous  material  consists  of  groups  of  two  or  three 
parallel  laminae,  about  inch  thick,  slightly  separated  by  films  of 
the  material  of  the  other  layers  ; their  material  is  the  same  as  that 
of  the  other  layers,  but  of  much  finer  grain — a green  Jasper — and 
rendered  slightly  lustrous  on  the  section  by  exceedingly  minute 
films  of  silvery-gray  Mica.  A few  tiny  seams  and  bunches  of 
smoky-  and  grayish-white  Quartz,  reddish-brown  Ochre,  and  soft 
white  Kaolin. 

Fracture  rather  uneven.  Streak  bright  reddish-brown. 

Weathers  smoothly,  to  dirty  greenish  and  blackish  shades  of 
brown,  speckled  with  yellowish-  and  grayish-white  and  reddish- 
brown. 


No.  173  (Sp.  1488). — Hematitic  Jasper- Schist. 

Huronian. — Sunday  Lake  Outlet,  W.  side  of  Sect.  18 — T.  47 — R.  45. 

Cast-iron  gray,  with  bluish  shade,  with  reddish-brown  streaks  ; 
dull. 

A very  hard,  compact,  tough,  and  fine-grained  Jasper-Schist, 
consisting  of  minute  particles  of  reddish-brown  Jasper  and  of  blu- 
ish-black Hematite,  interspersed  with  micaceous  scales  of  the 
same.  Much  Jasper  is  also  gathered  together  in  irregular  layers 


APPENDIX  A. 


91 


or  bunches,  y inch  to  I inch  thick,  and  thus  an  imperfect  schistose 
structure  is  produced.  A few  minute  veins  of  white  and  glassy 
Quartz,  and  seams  covered  with  films  of  yellowish-brown  Ochre  or 
reddish-brown  Quartz. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  reddish-brown. 

Weathers  unevenly  to  reddish  and  blackish-brown  shades,  the 
Jaspery  layers  projecting  and  somewhat  polished. 


No.  174  (Sp.  1088). — Brown  Anthophyllitic  Quartz-Schist . 

Huronian. — Bed  X. — S.  E.  of  old  Washington  Mine. 

Brownish-gray,  slightly  streaked  with  grayish-white  ; glitter- 
ing. 

A hard,  compact,  fine-grained  schist,  which  is  made  up  of  about 
6 parts  of  grayish-white  Quartz,  in  minute  granules,  nearly  1 
part  of  Magnetite  in  minute  black  particles  (apparently  associated 
with  smoky  Quartz),  and  3 parts  of  brownish-gray  Anthophyllite 
in  silvery  scales,  which  have  often  an  elongated  bladed  form  and 
fibrous  structure,  and  are  sometimes  gathered  in  radiating  groups. 

Fracture  irregular  and  uneven.  Streak  grayish-white.  Many 
fissures  stained  reddish-brown.  Yields  water  when  heated  in  a 
closed  tube. 

Weathers  unevenly,  to  a reddish-brown. 


No.  175  (Sp.  1090). — Brown  Anthophyllite- Schist. 


Huronian. — Bed  VIII. — S.  E.  of  old  Washington  Mine. 


Like  No.  174,  but  a little  coarser,  on  account  of  the  somewhat 
greater  length  and  abundance  of  the  micaceous  blades.  A few 
little  bunches  of  grayish-white  and  smoky  Quartz  project  from  the 
weathered  surface. 

In  Specimen  1091,  marly  tiny  bunches  are  disseminated,  some- 
times y to  y2  inch  long,  of  yellowish-,  reddish-,  and  blackish- 
brown  Ochre.  A few  thin  laminae  occur,  in  which  the  Magnetite 
predominates,  producing  faint  parallel  blackish  streaks. 


92 


APPENDIX  A. 


No.  176  (Sp.  1093). — Brown  Ant hop hy llite- Schist. 

Huronian. — Bed  X. — S.  E.  of  Edwards  Mine. 

A coarser  variety  of  No.  174,  the  blades  of  Anthophyllite  being 
often  over  Ta¥  inch  in  length.  In  parts  of  the  specimen  much 
of  this  mineral  is  of  a black  color,  and  by  this,  as  well  as  by 
the  concentration  of  the  Magnetite  in  certain  tiny  bunches  or 
layers,  the  surface  of  a fracture  is  mottled  with  grayish-black 
and  brownish-gray. 

Weathers  rather  unevenly,  to  a greenish-gray,  mottled  and 
streaked  with  light  reddish-brown. 

Specimen  1094  is  the  coarsest  variety  of  No.  174,  the  blades 
of  Anthophyllite  often  reaching  inch  in  length.  Yields  more 
water  than  No.  174,  when  heated  in  a closed  tube.  The  speci- 
men is  traversed  by  a few  layers  of  grayish-white  Quartz,  inch 
thick. 

Specimen  1095  is  traversed  by  many  of  the  reddish-brown 
fissures. 

No.  1 77  (Sp.  1098). — Brozvn  Anthophyllite- Schist,  passing  into 

Magnetite-  Schist . 


Huronian. — Bed  VIII.  (?) — S.  E.  of  Edwards  Mine. 


This  specimen  seems  to  have  been  taken  from  the  junction  of 
the  above  two  rocks,  the  former  being  fine-grained  like  No.  174, 
and  the  latter  a strongly  magnetic,  hard,  compact,  black  schist,  of 
almost  impalpable  texture,  having  a few  of  the  micaceous  blades 
disseminated  throughout. 

Weathered  surface  smooth  and  blackish. 


No.  178  (Sp.  1 1 16). — Magnetic  Antliophyllite-Slate. 


Huronian. — Bed  XIX.— N.  E.  of  Champion  Mine. 


Blackish-gray,  inclining  to  greenish,  covered  with  thin  parallel 
brownish-gray  and  blackish  streaks  ; minutely  glittering. 

A compact,  very  tough,  and  fine-grained  slate,  made  up  of  about 


APPENDIX  A. 


93 


7 parts  of  Anthophyllite  in  fibrous  translucent  blades,  varying  in 
color  from  brownish-gray  to  grayish-white,  mostly  microscopic  but 
partly  needles  to  ^ inch  in  length,  and  of  3 parts  of  black  par- 
ticles of  Magnetite,  barely  to  be  distinguished  by  the  lens.  The 
predominance  of  the  latter  in  parallel  films  covers  the  section  with 
blackish  lines,  while  certain  layers,  TV  inch  thick,  and  to  inch 
apart,  consist  chiefly  of  an  aggregation  of  the  larger  needles  of 
Anthophyllite,  arranged  obliquely  to  the  lamination.  Loses  much 
water  by  ignition  in  a closed  tube.  Decidedly  magnetic,  and  with 
polarity  ; the  magnet  separates  about  19  per  cent,  from  the  pow- 
dered rock. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  reddish-gray. 

Fissures  occur,  covered  with  a reddish-brown  stain  and  films  of 
brownish  and  reddish-brown  Quartz. 

Weathers  evenly  but  roughly,  to  a reddish-brown. 

The  following  manganiferous  variety  may  be  here  inserted. 


(Sp.  1155. ) — Black  Magnetic  Anthophyllite- Slate. 

Greenish-black  ; minutely  glittering. 

A compact,  fine-grained  slate,  which  appears,  both  to  the  naked 
eye  and  to  the  lens,  to  be  chiefly  or  entirely  made  up  of  minute 
glistening  black  scales,  chiefly  Magnetite,  but  often  of  a bladed 
form,  probably  Anthophyllite,  separated  by  tiny  films  of  a blackish 
and  greenish-brown  color,  which  seem  to  consist  of  Pyrolusite.  A 
schistose,  almost  slaty,  structure  is  produced  by  minute  parallel 
films,  about  ^ to  inch  apart,  which  mark  a section  with  dull 
reddish-brown  lines,  and  with  blackish  lines  somewhat  more  lus- 
trous than  the  general  surface.  Decidedly  magnetic,  and  with 
polarity ; and  the  magnet  separates  about  9 per  cent,  of  the  pow- 
dered rock. 

Fracture  rather  uneven.  Streak  shining  black,  and  the  least 
friction  of  the  surface  imparts  the  same  lustre.  The  rock  is  of 
medium  hardness,  but  soils  paper  and  the  fingers  with  a greenish- 
black  stain.  Loss  by  ignition,  over  5 per  cent.,  much  water  passing 
off,  and  some  oxygen  being  absorbed. 

Weathers  rather  unevenly,  to  a slightly  shining  blackish- 
brown. 


94 


APPENDIX  A. 


No.  179  (Sp.  72 9). — Pseudomorphous  Chlorite- Schist. 

Huronian. — Bed  XIII. — Spurr  Range,  East  Side  of  Sect.  23 — T.  48 — R.  31. 

Olive-green,  inclining  to  blackish,  covered  with  glittering 
facets. 

A soft,  compact,  homogeneous,  fine-grained  Chlorite-Schist, 
which  appears  under  the  lens  to  consist  of  minute  granules  of 
grayish-white  Quartz  and  scales  of  olive-green  Chlorite,  in  about 
equal  proportions.  Through  this  matrix  are  disseminated  large 
numbers,  perhaps  about  400  to  the  square  inch,  of  highly  lus- 
trous black  scales  and  octahedra,  nearly  inch  across,  with 
greenish-gray  powder — apparently  pseudomorphs  of  Chlorite  after 
Magnetite.  A few  tiny  granules  of  ruby-red  color  occur,  resem- 
bling Garnet. 

Fracture  uneven.  Slightly  magnetic,  with  polarity.  Streak  and 
powder  light  olive-green  and  slightly  glittering.  The  magnet 
separates  about  23  per  cent,  by  weight,  in  a powder  of  the  same 
color. 

Weathers  evenly  to  a blackish-brown,  mottled  with  olive-green 
and  shades  of  reddish  and  yellowish-brown,  the  black  scales  and 
octahedra  weathering  to  bright  brownish-yellow  dots. 


No.  180  (Sp.  730). — Pseudomorphous  Chlorite-Schist. 


Huronian. — Bed  XIII. — Spurr  Range,  E.  side  of  Sect.  23 — T.  48 — R.  31. 


Resembles  No.  179,  but  the  scales  and  octahedra  are  much 
smaller — few  of  them  being  distinguishable  by  the  eye.  Crystals 
of  Amphibole  of  fibrous  structure,  of  a shining  black  color,  and 
with  irregular  acicular  terminations,  are  disseminated  throughout 
the  rock,  5 or  6 being  visible  on  a square  inch  of  surface.  They 
vary  in  breadth  from  a mere  line  up  to  -fa  inch,  and  in  length  from 
y to  y2  inch.  The  commencement  of  their  alteration  is  denoted 
by  a film  of  greenish-gray  material,  still  retaining  the  original  lustre 
and  structure,  into  which  the  minute  crystals  are  wrholly  converted, 
and  the  outer  coat  of  the  larger  : so  that  the  longitudinal  section  of 
the  latter  shows  a black  band  enclosed  by  two  very  thin  greenish- 
gray  lines.  A smoky  gray  and  grayish-white  seam,  about  y inch 


APPENDIX  A. 


95 


thick,  crosses  the  lamination  obliquely,  composed  chiefly  of  grayish- 
white  Quartz,  sometimes  greenish,  with  a small  intermixture  in 
some  places  of  black  particles.  Golden-yellow  Pyrite  is  dissemina- 
ted in  tiny  particles  through  the  rock,  the  seam,  and  the  crystals  of 
Amphibole.  Effervesces  slightly  in  acid.  Slightly  magnetic. 
Streak  and  powder  grayish-green  and  dull  ; the  magnet  separates 
2 y2  per  cent,  by  weight. 

Weathers  unevenly  to  shades  of  yellowish-brown,  rendered  shin- 
ing by  exceedingly  minute  brownish-yellow  scales. 


No.  1 8 1 (Sp.  731). — Pseudomorphous  Chlorite-Schist. 

Huronian. — Bed  XIII. — Spurr  Range,  E.  side  of  Sect.  23 — T.  48 — R.  31. 

Resembles  No.  180  in  color,  materials,  and  general  character. 
No  octahedra  occur,  but  many  thick,  soft,  brownish  scales,  3T  inch 
across,  with  a grayish-green  streak.  Pseudomorphs,  probably 
after  Amphibole,  are  also  disseminated  throughout,  similar  in 
shape,  size,  and  number  to  the  Amphibole  crystals  of  No.  180, 
but  faintly  defined  and  of  a grayish-white  color.  These  consist 
chiefly  of  aggregated  tiny  facets  of  a grayish-white,  glistening, 
laminated  mineral,  with  a small  intermixture  of  dark  scales — appa- 
rently of  Chlorite. 

Not  magnetic.  Streak  and  powder  grayish-green  and  dull.  The 
magnet  separates  nothing. 

Weathering  like  that  of  No.  179. 


No.  182  (Sp.  820). — Dark-Green  Chlorite-Schist. 

Huronian. — N.  of  North-Western  Hotel,  Marquette. 

Dark  olive-green,  faintly  spotted  and  streaked  with  reddish 
brown. 

A compact  fissile  Chlorite-Schist,  about  as  hard  as  No.  190. 

Streak  greenish-white,  sometimes  reddish- white.  Fuses  at  4.5, 
to  a black  glass. 

Weathered  surface  uneven,  and,  like  many  of  the  cleavage  sur- 
faces, of  a reddish-brown  color  from  the  decomposition  of  the 


9 6 


APPENDIX  A. 


Chlorite.  A very  few  irregular  veins  of  granular  yellowish-white 
Calcite.  Apparently  the  last  stage  in  the  alteration  of  a Dioryte, 
through  Dioryte-Schist,  into  Chloritic  Schist. 


No.  183  (Sp.  828). — Green  Calcareous  Chloritic  Schist. 

Huronian. — S.  of  North-Western  Hotel,  Marquette. 

Light  greenish-gray,  inclining  to  brownish,  with  reddish-brown 
streaks. 

A compact,  hard,  fissile,  chloritic,  and  calcareous  schist,  with  a 
few  layers,  about  inch  thick,  of  a finely  granular  Calcite  of  red- 
dish-brown color.  It  is  apparently  composed  of  Feldspar,  Chlorite, 
many  exceedingly  minute  silvery  greenish-gray  scales  (apparently 
of  Talc),  and  a little  Calcite.  Besides  the  ordinary  cleavage  fissures, 
lined  with  Chlorite  or  Talc,  a few  seams  of  the  reddish-brown  Calcite 
occur. 

Weathered  surface  smooth,  and  of  a dirty  greenish-gray,  mottled 
with  dirty  brown  ; color  lighter  than  the  interior. 

Specimen  829  differs  from  828  only  in  the  greater  abundance  of 
Calcite,  in  films  and  seams  of  a grayish-white  and  reddish-brown 
color,  and  in  geodes  of  minute  crystals. 


No.  184  (Sp.  1097). — Garnetiferous  Chlorite- Schist. 

Huronian. — Bed  VIII. — S.  E.  of  the  Edwards  Mine. 

Blackish-green,  and  slightly  glittering. 

A soft,  compact,  heavy,  tough,  fine-grained  schist,  which  ap- 
pears under  the  lens  to  consist  chiefly  of  minute  scales  of  Chlorite, 
with  a small  intermixture  of  a grayish-white  Mica,  in  minute  scales 
and  acicular  blades,  visible  to  the  naked  eye.  Many  crystals  of 
brown  Garnet,  to  inch  across,  are  disseminated  through  the 
rock,  and  are  partly  decomposed. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  greenish-gray.  Many  irregular  fis- 
sures occur,  stained  reddish-brown. 

Weathers  rather  unevenly,  to  a dirty  greenish-gray,  mottled  with 
brown  shades,  the  Garnets  projecting  above  the  surface. 


APPENDIX  A. 


97 


No.  185  (Sp.  1130). — Green  Chlorite- Schist. 

Huronian. — Bed  XIII.-r-Lake  Superior  Mine. 

Olive-green,  and  very  minutely  glittering,  with  many  blackish- 
brown  glittering  specks. 

A compact,  soft,  rather  brittle,  crypto-crystalline  schist,  with  an 
irregular  fissile  structure,  apparently  made  up  of  about  7 parts  or 
more  of  olive-green  Chlorite,  in  exceedingly  minute  glittering 
scales,  and  of  nearly  3 parts  of  greenish-white  Feldspar,  in  micro- 
scopic particles.  A small  quantity  of  altered  crystals  of  Magnetite 
is  distributed  throughout,  in  blackish-brown  shining  octahedra,  less 
than  inch  in  diameter,  whose  material  is  brittle,  and  soft,  and 
gives  a reddish-brown  streak. 

Fracture  hackly.  Streak  greenish-gray.  Surface  of  the  fissures  is 
stained  yellowish,  mottled  with  light  reddish-brown.  Does  not 
affect  the  magnetic  needle,  and  the  magnet  separates  only  a few 
particles  from  the  pulverized  rock. 

Weathers  unevenly,  to  a dull  and  dirty  shade  of  the  same  color. 


No.  186  (Sp.  1148). — Porphyritic  Chlorite-Schist. 

Huronian. — Bed  XI. — Lake  Superior  Mine. 

Blackish-green  (and  shining,  on  cleavage  surfaces),  speckled  with 
greenish-black  and  reddish-gray  shining  facets. 

A compact,  tough,  coarse  schist,  made  up  of  about  4 parts  of 
angular,  often  rhombic,  masses  or  crystals  of  greenish-black  Feld- 
spar, with  good  cleavage  and  lustre,  in  facets  ^ to  ■§■  inch  across, 
distributed  throughout  a crypto-crystalline  soft  blackish-green 
matrix,  with  greenish-gray  streak,  which  amounts  to  about  6 parts 
of  the  rock.  This  matrix  consists  of  about  T77  of  soft  blackish-green 
Chlorite,  in  exceedingly  minute  glistening  scales,  and  of  of  gray- 
ish-white Quartz  in  microscopic  particles. 

Fracture  hackly.  Surface  of  fissures  stained  to  a dirty  reddish- 
brown. 

Weathers  evenly  and  smoothly,  to  a grayish-green,  speckled  with 
reddish-gray  (the  Feldspar). 

7 


98 


APPENDIX  A. 


No.  187  (Sp.  1543)- — Chloritic  Feldspathic  Schist. 

Laurentian. — Near  W.  J post  Sect.  19 — T.  47 — R.  42. 

Greenish-gray,  minutely  speckled  with  gray  ; slightly  glittering. 

Resembles  No.  217,  but  is  slightly  coarser.  The  Mica  is  irregu- 
larly dispersed,  is  mostly  black,  but  in  part  is  silvery-white.  Many 
irregular  fissures,  covered  with  films  of  blackish-green  Chlorite,  a 
soft  white  mineral  (perhaps  Kaolin  ?),  and  a hard  brownish-white 
Feldspar  in  tiny  facets,  with  good  cleavage  and  lustre.  No  Quartz 
is  discernible  by  the  lens,  but  the  fresh  surface  is  hard  to  a knife 
edge.  Streak  greenish- white.  Fuses  before  the  blowpipe  at  5, 
to  a brown  glass. 

Another  variety,  1 544,  effervesces  slightly  in  acid.  Weathers 
unevenly  to  a reddish  (projecting  Feldspar),  mottled  by  blackish- 
brown  (eroded  Chlorite),  to  the  depth  of  y1^-  to  inch,  with  a sec- 
tion of  the  same  color,  terminated  by  a blackish-brown  band. 


No.  188  (Sp.  1545)* — Green  Calcareous  Chloritic  Schist. 

Laurentian. — W.  branch  of  Ontonagon  River,  Sect.  13 — T.  46 — R.  41. 

Dark  grayish-green,  inclining  to  olive,  faintly  striped  with  gray. 

A compact,  fine-grained,  fissile  aggregate  of  crystalline  grains  of 
grayish  and  reddish-white  Feldspar,  with  fine  granular  gray  Calcite, 
arranged  in  thin  lenticular  seams,  about  inch  apart,  and  sepa- 
rated by  abundant  films  and  seams  of  olive-green  Chlorite  in  minute 
glistening  scales. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  greenish-white.  Effervesces  strongly 
in  acid. 

No  weathered  surface  on  the  specimen. 


No.  189  (Sp.  692). — Micaceous  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

Boulder,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

Gray,  covered  with  fine  parallel  blackish  gray  lines  ; minutely 
glistening. 

A compact,  rather  soft  and  brittle,  homogeneous,  fine-grained 
schist,  which  appears  under  the  lens  to  consist  chiefly  of  minute 


APPENDIX  A. 


99 


scales  of  black  and  white  Mica,  rarely  distinct  to  the  eye,  and 
minute  granules  of  grayish-white  Feldspar  (and  Quartz  ?),  and  of  a 
blackish-gray  mineral,  the  latter  preponderating  in  parallel  films, 
usually  less  than  A inch  apart.  Bronze-yellow  Pyrite  is  distributed 
in  minute  particles,  and  a bunch  occurs,  over  an  inch  long,  of  Pyrite 
associated  with  brownish-gray  Siderite. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish-white.  Fuses  before  the  blow- 
pipe at  5.5,  to  a white  blebby  enamel. 

Weathers  evenly  to  a dirty  brownish-gray  color,  minutely  ribbed 
with  the  slightly  projecting  edges  of  the  darker  laminae. 


No.  190  (Sp.  794). — Browji  Chloritic  Argillyte. 


Huronian. — Bed  V. — Chocolate  Marble  Quarry,  S.  of  mouth  of  Carp,  L.  S. 


Dark  reddish  or  chocolate-brown,  with  a few  bands  of  lighter 
shades  of  b,rown  and  of  dark  olive-green. 

A compact,  fissile  Argillyte,  harder  than  a true  Argillyte.  On  a 
close  examination  the  original  stratification  is  displayed  by  a series 
of  minute  bands,  almost  at  right  angles  with  the  slaty  lamination, 
varying  in  shade  from  yellowish-gray  to  dark  reddish-brown,  usually 
uniform  in  color  for  about  inch  in  thickness  ; and  in  one  case  in 
the  hand  specimen,  of  an  olive-green  inclining  to  brown  (probably 
chloritic  in  material),  and  swelling  out,  in  lenticular  form,  to  a thick- 
ness over  an  inch. 

Streak  slightly  reddish-white  on  the  brown  layers,  and  greenish- 
white  on  the  green  layers.  Talc  is  disseminated  throughout  the 
rock  in  minute  bunches  and  seams  of  silvery-greenish-gray  scales, 
and  to  this  is  apparently  due  a slightly  greasy  feel,  as  well  as  a 
minutely  granular  structure,  in  the  brown  material. 

Weathered  surface  rather  smooth  and  even,  and  of  same  color. 


No.  191  (Sp.  810). — Brown  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 


Huronian. — Bed  V. — Chocolate  Marble  Quarry,  S.  of  mouth  of  Carp,  L.  S. 


Dark  reddish-brown,  with  a few  large  greenish-white  and  many 
tiny  light  russet-brown  spots  ; slightly  shining. 


100 


APPENDIX  A. 


A compact,  rather  hard,  fine-grained  Argillyte,  with  its  slaty 
lamination  at  an  angle  of  about  56°  to  the  plane  of  stratification. 
It  is  apparently  identical  with  the  brown  material  of  No.  160,  and 
is  chiefly  made  up  of  Feldspar  and  Quartz,  interspersed  with  ex- 
ceedingly minute  scales,  in  layers  tV~t  inch  thick,  which  appear 
on  a section  as  a series  of  bands  alternately  dull  and  shining. 
Many  thin  seams  of  the  same  material,  1 to  2 inches  long,  cross  the 
layers  irregularly,  sometimes  with  tiny  faults.  Also  a few  irregular 
seams  and  bunches  of  greenish-gray  Feldspar,  sometimes  3 inches 
long,  a few  thin  seams  of  reddish-gray  Calcite  and  a few  tiny 
bunches  of  reddish-brown  Feldspar. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  reddish- white. 

Weathers  smoothly,  of  same  color,  and  with  slight  polish. 


No.  192  (Sp.  814). — Banded  Chloritic  Argillyte. 


Huronian. — Bed  V. — Chocolate  Marble  Quarry,  S.  of  mouth  of  Carp,  L.  S. 


Dark  greenish-brown  (sometimes  speckled  with  light  yellowish- 
brown  spots),  with  light  chocolate  brown  parallel  bands. 

A compact,  fissile,  slaty  Argillyte,  differing  from  No.  190  only  in 
the  predominance  of  the  green  bands,  their  usual  thickness  being 
inch,  while  that  of  the  brown  is  y%  inch.  The  stratification  is, 
like  that  of  No.  190,  nearly  at  right  angles  with  the  slaty  lamina- 
tion, and  the  Talc  is  disseminated  in  the  same  way  but  chiefly 
through  the  brown  bands.  Fuses  before  the  blowpipe  at  about  5.5. 

No  weathered  surface  on  the  specimen. 


No.  193  (Sp.  815). — Banded  Chloritic  Argillyte. 


Huronian. — Bed  V. — Chocolate  Marble  Quarry,  S.  of  mouth  of  Carp,  L.  S. 


Parallel  stripes  of  olive-green,  yellowish-brown,  and  chocolate- 
brown. 

A compact,  fissile,  slaty  Argillyte,  with  stratification  at  an  angle 
of  about  120  with  the  slaty  lamination,  and  about  as  hard  as  No. 
190.  The  olive-green  and  chocolate-brown  bands  are  identical 


APPENDIX  A. 


IOI 


with  those  described  in  Nos.  190  and  192,  but  the  third  material  is 
finely  granular,  of  a light  reddish  or  yellowish-brown  color,  and 
made  up  of  layers  about  T^-  inch  in  thickness,  composed  of  loosely 
aggregated  granules  of  Feldspar  and  Quartz,  separated  by  minute 
parallel  and  continuous  films  of  reddish-brown  Argillyte.  Fuses 
before  the  blowpipe  at  5-5>  to  a greenish-white  enamel. 

Weathering  smooth  and  unchanged  in  color,  the  green  bands 
receiving  a polish  and  the  yellowish-brown  bands  being  slightly 
pitted  by  the  removal  of  granules. 


No.  194  (Sp.  881). — Micaceous  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

Huronian. — Bed  V. — L’Anse  Iron  Range,  S.  side  Sect.  9 — T.  49 — R.  33. 

Greenish-gray  ; slightly  lustrous. 

A soft,  compact,  tough,  calcareous  schist,  of  almost  impalpable 
texture,  composed  of  minute  granules  of  grayish-  or  greenish- white 
Feldspar  and  a smoky-gray  mineral  (Quartz  ?),  with  many  scales 
of  silvery-gray  Mica,  sometimes  distinct  to  the  eye. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish-white  and  partially  metallic 
(iron  abraded  from  the  knife).  Seams  of  lamination  shining  and 
very  slightly  corrugated,  sometimes  covered  with  a film  or  thin 
layer  of  gray  Calcite. 


No.  195  (Sp.  882). — Greenish-Gray  Shale. 

Huronian. — L’Anse  Iron  Range,  S.  E.  £ of  S.  W.  £ Sect.  9 — T.  49 — R.  33. 

Greenish-white,  with  minute  parallel  brown  lines  ; general  effect, 
greenish-gray. 

A rather  soft,  compact,  fine-grained,  fissile  rock,  of  an  imper- 
fectly slaty  structure,  approaching  a shale,  made  up  of  exceedingly 
minute  granules  of  Feldspar  and  a few  scales  of  Mica,  and  with 
reddish-brown  Ferric  Oxide  disseminated  throughout  in  very 
minute  specks,  scales,  or  continuous  parallel  seams. 

Fracture  smooth  and  even.  Streak  grayish-white,  dotted  with 
light  brownish  specks.  Adheres  decidedly  to  the  tongue  and 
yields  an  argillaceous  odor  when  moistened.  The  Feldspar  is 


102 


APPENDIX  A. 


probably  altered  to  Kaolin  to  a considerable  extent.  Bedding 
seams  colored  dirty  reddish-brown. 

Weathered  surface  even,  and  of  a dirty  yellowish-brown  color. 


No.  196  (Sp.  906). — Siliceous  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

Huronian. — L’Anse  Iron  Range,  N.  W.  £ post,  Sect.  18 — T.  50 — R.  33. 

Ash-gray,  inclining  to  greenish  ; minutely  glittering  in  the  sun- 
light. 

A compact,  homogeneous,  crystalline  rock  of  exceedingly  fine 
texture,  rather  soft  and  brittle.  Under  the  lens  it  appears  to  be 
made  up  of  about  9 parts  of  minute  particles  of  greenish-gray  Feld- 
spar, often  with  a distinctly  marked  cleavage,  whose  facets  chiefly 
produce  the  glittering  appearance,  with  1 part  of  irregular  grains  of 
dark  smoky  Quartz  (?)  and  a few  silvery  grayish-white  soft  scales 
(Talc  or  Mica). 

Fracture  sub-conchoidal.  Streak  grayish-white. 

Weathers  rather  evenly,  to  a lighter  shade  of  greenish-gray, 
minutely  speckled  with  grayish-white  ; or  to  brownish-white,  mi- 
nutely speckled  with  black  (the  Quartz  granules). 

The  weathering  is  sometimes  TV  to  -j-  inch  deep  on  flat  surfaces, 
with  a brownish-gray  section  ; while  at  the  angular  corners  of  a 
mass  it  reaches  to  the  depth  of  half  an  inch,  with  a light  brown 
.section,  terminated  inwardly  by  a grayish-black  band. 


No.  197  (Sp.  908).  — Greenish-Gray  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

Huronian. — L’Anse  Iron  Range. 

Greenish-gray  ; slightly  shining. 

A rather  hard,  homogeneous,  fine-grained,  and  very  fissile  schist, 
with  curving  laminae,  and  a very  minute  fibrous  corrugation  of  its 
cleavage  surfaces  ; resembles  Nos.  335,  339,  and  221. 

Fracture  hackly.  Streak  grayish-white.  Fuses  before  the  blow- 
pipe at  4 to  a greenish-gray  glass.  Under  the  lens,  exceedingly 
minute  scales,  like  those  of  Mica,  can  be  distinguished  throughout. 
A very  thin  seam  of  Calcite  occurs. 

Weathers  rather  unevenly,  to  light  shades  of  brownish-gray  and 
cream  color. 


APPENDIX  A. 


103 


No.  198  (Sp.  917). — Banded  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

(A  small  weathered  pebble. ) 

Huronian. — L’Anse  Bay,  E.  side,  say  1 mile  from  South  end. 

Alternate  bands  of  grayish-white,  sometimes  speckled  minutely 
with  black,  and  of  light  chocolate-brown,  with  darker  specks  and 
narrow  gray  bands. 

A soft,  compact,  fine-grained,  finely  laminated  Argillyte,  made 
up  of  bands  about  ^ inch  thick.  Streak  lighter  grayish-white  and 
light  yellowish-brown.  Contains  many  exceedingly  minute  silvery- 
gray  scales,  perhaps  of  Talc,  to  which  a very  slight  greasy  feel  may 
be  due. 

Specimen  918  is  a pebble  of  similar  rock  to  917.  Colors  of 
layers  chocolate-brown — grayish-white,  with  a greenish  tinge, 
with  small  spherical  masses,  ^ to  ^ inch  across,  of  a softer,  light, 
reddish-brown  material — and  cast-iron  gray,  with  dark  greenish 
tinge,  and  traversed  by  narrow  bands  of  reddish-brown  and  light 
greenish-gray.  Slaty  lamination  at  angle  of  about  30°  with  the 
bands.  Scratched  by  the  nail. 

Another  specimen,  919,  consists  of  layers  *4  to  1 inch  thick. 
Angle  of  slaty  lamination  with  bands  about  36°.  Greasy  feel  a little 
more  decided/ 


No.  199  (Sp.  920). — Greenish  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

Huronian, — L’Anse  Bay,  E.  side,  say  1 mile  from  South  end. 

Light  greenish-gray,  mottled  by  seams  with  dark  reddish-  and 
yellowish-brown . 

A soft  slate,  of  impalpable  texture,  and  finely  fissile  lamination, 
which  seems  to  be  chiefly  composed  of  grayish-white  Feldspar,  with 
much  greenish-gray  Talc  or  Chlorite,  in  silvery  scales,  not  distin- 
guishable by  the  naked  eye.  The  specimen  is  traversed,  at  the 
same  angle  with  the  slaty  lamination  as  in  No.  198  (919),  by  a layer 
about  an  inch  thick,  which  appears  to  differ  from  the  rest  of  the 
material  only  in  a slightly  granular  texture,  but  on  certain  cleavage 
surfaces  is  weathered  sometimes  to  a tinge  of  yellowish-brown,  and 
sometimes  to  a deep  reddish-brown.  Scratched  by  the  nail  and 


104 


APPENDIX  A. 


of  slight  greasy  feel.  Streak  greenish-white.  A narrow  seam,  yfa 
inch  thick,  distinguished  by  a somewhat  granular  structure. 

Weathers  to  a lighter  shade  of  greenish-gray,  slightly  tinged  with 
yellowish  or  reddish-brown,  the  surface  being  minutely  furrowed 
by  projecting  laminae. 

Another  specimen  (921)  is  a shade  darker  and  harder,  more  com- 
pact, and  with  a slight  lustre.  Contains  a minute  fossil  too  imperfect 
for  determination. 

Specimen  922  consists  of  the  same  material,  with  various  lighter 
and  darker  shades  of  greenish-gray,  the  layers  being  to  2 inches 
thick,  and  sometimes  of  a somewhat  granular  structure,  speckled 
with  tiny  reddish-brown  angular  stains. 


No.  200  (Sp.  982). — Gray  Feldspathic  Argillyte . 

Huronian. — Near  centre  of  Sect.  13 — T.  50 — R.  32. 

Cast-iron  gray  inclining  to  greenish  ; slightly  glittering. 

A rather  hard,  compact,  fine-grained  schist,  in  which  only 
minute  scales  of  brownish-gray  Mica  can  be  distinguished  by  the 
eye  ; but  under  the  lens  it  appears  to  consist  chiefly  of  a mixture  of 
exceedingly  minute  granules  of  smoky  Quartz  and  grayish-white 
Feldspar.  A few  yellow  grains  of  Pyrite  also  occur.  On  a section 
its  schistose  structure  is  seen  to  be  produced  by  parallel  films  of  a 
grayish-black  material  (probably  Argillyte),  which  divide  up  the 
rock  into  laminae,  about  ^ inch  thick.  The  surface  of  the  joints 
is  stained  reddish-brown. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish-white. 

Weathers  somewhat  evenly,  to  a dirty  blackish-brown,  mottled 
by  yellowish-brown,  and  on  the  edges  of  the  laminae  to  the  depth 
of  about  -3V  inch,  with  a brownish-white  section. 


No.  201  (Sp.  992). — Green  Speckled  Argyllite. 

Huronian. — N.  part  of  Sect.  21 — T.  51 — R.  31. 

Grayish-green,  spotted  with  brownish-red. 

Similar  to  No.  200,  but  of  a rather  brighter  shade  of  green,  and 
with  the  section  speckled  over  with  circular  brick-red  stains,  nearly 


APPENDIX  A. 


105 


Y%  inch  across.  It  is  apparently  made  up  of  greenish-gray  Feldspar, 
with  a little  Mica  (Talc  or  Chlorite?),  in  minute  glistening  scales. 
Its  structure  approaches  a slate. 

Streak  grayish -white,  dotted  with  brick- red. 

Weathers  irregularly  and  roughly,  to  a dirty  greenish-gray, 
inclining  to  citrine-yellow,  mottled  over  with  faint  irregular  streaks 
and  spots  of  reddish-brown. 


No.  202  (Sp.  998). — Brownish-Gray  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 


Huronian. — Slate  River,  Sect.  21 — T.  51 — R.  31. 


A rather  slaty  rock  which  resembles  No.  199,  but  is  of  a dark 
greenish-gray,  with  brownish  tinge,  and  faintly  banded  with  yel- 
lowish-brown. The  lamination  or  “stripe,”  which  forms  an  angle 
of  about  6o°  with  the  plane  of  cleavage,  is  chiefly  marked  by  lines 
of  minute  rectangular  cavities,  rarely  -fa  inch  in  length,  as  if  de- 
rived from  the  decomposition  of  some  crystallized  mineral  (Pyrite  ?), 
filled  with  a soft  yellowish-brown  Ochre. 

Streak  reddish-white  to  light  brick-red. 

Weathers  smoothly,  with  a slightly  reddish  tinge,  the  bedding- 
lines being  somewhat  pitted  by  the  weathering  of  the  rectangular 
cavities. 


No.  203  (Sp.  1101). — Magnetic  Feldspathic  Slate. 


Huronian. — E.  of  mouth  of  Tunnel,  Washington  Mine. 

Blackish-gray,  slightly  greenish  ; minutely  glittering. 

A compact,  tough,  very  fine-grained  and  rather  slaty  rock, 
which  appears  under  the  lens  to  consist  of  about  6 parts  of  particles 
of  greenish-white  Feldspar,  3 parts  of  exceedingly  minute  black 
micaceous  scales,  and  1 part  of  Magnetite  in  black  octahedra, 
just  visible  to  the  naked  eye.  A joint  occurs,  with  the  surface  stained 
reddish-brown. 

Fracture  nearly  even.  Streak  grayish-white. 

Weathers  smoothly  and  evenly,  to  a brownish-black. 


io  6 


APPENDIX  A. 


No.  204  (Sp.  1102). — Micaceous  Feldspathic  Slate . 

Huronian. — S.  E.  of  mouth  of  Tunnel,  Washington  Mine. 

Blackish-gray  ; minutely  sparkling. 

A slate  of  the  same  texture  as  No.  203,  consisting  of  about  4 parts 
of  grayish-white  Feldspar,  4 parts  of  smoky  Quartz,  and  two  parts 
of  black,  sometimes  grayish-white,  Mica,  in  minute  glittering  scales, 
often  gathered  in  flakes  on  a cleavage  surface,  to  -g-  inch  across. 

Fracture  sub-conchoidal.  Streak  grayish-white.  Surface  of 
fissures  stained  brownish-gray. 

Weathers  rather  evenly  and  smoothly,  to  the  depth  of  TV  inch, 
with  shallow  pits  about  \ inch  in  diameter,  to  a brownish-gray, 
covered  (as  well  as  the  surface  of  the  fissures)  with  minute  blackish 
specks  and  parallel  lines.  This  surface  shows  the  Feldspar  to  exist 
in  angular  fragments,  about  -3V  inch  across,  surrounded  by  the 
mixture  of  Quartz  and  Mica,  while  much  of  the  latter  is  gathered  in 
minute  irregularly  parallel  films  or  seams,  which  produce  the  fine 
lines  barely  distinguishable  on  a fresh  fracture,  usually  to 
J inch  apart,  but  generally  running  in  pairs. 


No.  205  (Sp.  1109). — Amy gdaloidal  Amphib ole- Schist. 

Huronian. — Bed  XIII. — Washington  Mine,  S.  end  of  McConnell’s  Pit. 

Grayish-black,  with  a few  glistening  facets,  and  covered  with  tiny, 
round,  greenish-gray  specks. 

A compact,  fine-grained  schist,  the  bulk  of  which  is  made  up  of 
about  4 parts  of  the  usual  grayish-,  rarely  greenish-white  Feldspar, 
in  minute  particles,  of  4 parts  of  a black  mineral  in  tiny  particles, 
and  in  facets  with  slightly  marked  cleavage,  and  hardly  touched  by 
a file,  iV  to  inch  across,  which  resembles  Amphibole,  and  of  2 
parts  of  black  or  grayish- white  Mica,  in  minute  silvery  scales. 
Through  this  matrix  are  disseminated,  to  the  amount  of  nearly  T3y 
of  the  bulk  of  the  rock,  many  slightly  elliptical  masses,  usually  y1^ 
inch  across,  but  sometimes  J to  ^ inch  in  length,  arranged  parallel 
to  the  stratification,  and  imparting  an  amygdaloidal  appearance  to 
a section.  They  consist  of  a soft  material,  . with  greenish-white 
streak,  of  a greenish-gray  color,  passing  into  reddish-brown,  in  which 
only  a few  very  minute  scales  of  Mica  can  be  distinguished. 


APPENDIX  A. 


107 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  gray.  Surface  of  fissures  covered  with 
a film  of  reddish-brown  Ochre. 


No.  206  (Sp.  1138).  — Greenish  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

Huronian. — Bed  XIII. — Lake  Superior  Mine. 

Grayish-green,  and  dull,  with  many  minute  black  glittering 
points. 

A compact,  rather  soft,  crypto-crystalline  schist,  which  is  appa- 
rently made  up  of  about  9 parts  of  greenish-gray  Feldspar,  in 
microscopic  particles,  with  about  1 part  of  Micaceous-Iron,  in 
minute  black  scales,  with  a high  lustre  and  reddish-brown  powder, 
which  appear  under  the  lens  almost  all  to  be  triangular  scales,  evi- 
dently derived  from  the  alteration  of  octahedra  of  Magnetite. 

Fracture  rather  uneven.  Streak  grayish-white.  Surface  of  fis- 
sures stained  reddish-brown.  Does  not  affect  the  magnetic  needle. 
The  magnet  separates  about  4 per  cent,  of  the  pulverized  rock. 

Weathers  evenly  and  smoothly,  to  a reddish-brown. 


No.  207  (Sp.  1238). — Micaceous  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 

Huronian. — Armstrong’s  Camp,  Michigamme  River. 


Resembles  No.  261  (1229)  in  color  and  general  character,  but 
minutely  glittering. 

Under  the  lens  it  appears  to  consist  chiefly  of  minute  smoky- 
gray  particles  (Feldspar  ?),  often  grayish-white,  studded  with  glis- 
tening scales  of  black  Mica  (like  an  Ottrelite  Schist). 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish-white.  Yellow  Pyrite  is  dis- 
seminated in  minute  particles. 

Weathers  unevenly  to  a dirty  brownish-gray. 


No.  208  (Sp.  1240). — Chloritic  Argillyte. 

Huronian. — About  ^ mile  above  mouth  of  Fence  River. 

Cast-iron-gray,  inclining  to  olive  ; shining. 

A rather  slaty  rock,  which  resembles  No.  207,  but  the  glittering 


io8 


APPENDIX  A. 


scales  or  films  of  Mica  (or  Chlorite)  are  quite  minute.  Very  little 
is  visible  under  the  lens,  and  the  texture  of  the  rock  is  consequently 
much  finer  and  more  fissile.  The  Pyrite  also  occurs  in  less  quan- 
tity ; the  seams  of  lamination  are  dotted  with  tiny  quartzose 
bunches,  and  have  a uniform  lustre.  The  streak  is  greenish-white  ; 
and  a minute  transverse  vein  of  brownish-gray  quartz  occurs. 

Weathers  smoothly,  to  a dirty  brownish-gray. 


No.  209  (Sp.  1249).  — Chloritic  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 


Huronian. — Michigamme  River,  about  way  from  Paint  to  Grand  Portage. 


Grayish-green  ; dull. 

Resembles  No.  339.  A few  seams,  to  \ inch  wide,  cross  the 
laminae,  and  are  occupied  by  an  aggregate  of  grayish-white  Feld- 
spar, with  good  cleavage  and  lustre,  and  smoky-gray  Quartz,  with 
geodes  of  tiny  Quartz  crystals,  surrounded  by  a little  red  Ferric 
Oxide.  Fuses  before  the  blowpipe  at  4. 5,  to  a black  glass. 

Weathers  to  a blackish-brown,  mottled  by  brownish-yellow  and 
reddish-brown  rhomboidal  spots,  usually  about  inch  square. 
These  are  revealed  under  the  lens  to  consist  of  oolitic  granules  of 
Quartz  of  those  colors,  and  are  probably  quartzose  pseudomorphs 
after  Feldspar  crystals. 


No.  210  (Sp.  1250). — Micaceous  Siliceous  Slate. 


Huronian. — Norway  Portage,  Sect.  15 — T.  42 — R.  31. 


Resembles  No.  261  (1229)  in  color,  and  No.  207  in  the  glitter  of 
its  surface  ; but  the  latter  character  is  much  more  decided.  The 
material  appears  under  the  lens  to  consist  of  about  6 parts  of  minute 
granules  of  grayish-white  Feldspar,  1 part  of  smoky  Quartz,  and 
about  3 parts  of  glistening  scales  of  black  Mica.  The  structure  is 
finely  laminated,  and  the  Feldspar  predominates  in  many  of  the 
layers,  which  become  lighter  colored  and  vary  in  thickness  from  a 
film  up  to  -3^  inch  ; while  other  layers  are  quartzose. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish-white  and  partially  metallic 
(abraded  iron). 


APPENDIX  A. 


109 


Weathers  evenly,  to  a dirty  greenish-gray,  covered  with  parallel 
lines  and  narrow  stripes  of  grayish  and  reddish-white. 


No.  21 1 (Sp.  1368). — Iron-Gray  Argillaceous  Mica-Slate. 


Laurentian. — S.  end  of  Lake  Gogebic,  S.  E.  J Sect.  3 — T.  46 — R.  42. 


Cast-iron-gray,  inclining  to  bluish ; shining  on  cleavage  sur- 
faces. 

A rather  soft  fissile  rock,  of  almost  impalpable  texture.  Under 
the  lens  appears  to  consist  chiefly  of  equal  bulks  of  a grayish-white 
(Feldspar)  and  grayish-black  mineral  (Smoky  Quartz  ?)  with  many 
minute  scales  of  Mica  disseminated  throughout.  The  cleavage 
surfaces  are  much  corrugated  and  covered  with  a shining  film  of 
brown  Mica. 

Streak  bluish- white.  Fuses  before  the  blowpipe  at  4.5,  to  a 
greenish-black  glass. 

Weathers  unevenly  to  a greenish-gray.  Strongly  resembles  a 
Huronian  schist,  like  No.  197  (908),  No.  222,  etc.,  rather  than  any 
other  Laurentian  rock. 


No.  212  (Sp.  1369). — Gray  Feldspathic  Schist  ( Siliceous ). 


Laurentian. — S.  end  of  Lake  Gogebic,  S.  E.  \ Sect.  3 — T.  46 — R.  42. 


Gray,  slightly  reddish,  minutely  speckled  with  grayish-white  ; 
minutely  glittering  on  cleavage  surfaces,  almost  dull  on  the  sec- 
tion. 

A hard,  compact,  homogeneous,  fine-grained  schistose  rock, 
made  up  of  the  same  materials  as  No.  187,  in  somewhat  larger 
granules,  the  scales  of  Mica  being  prominent  only  on  the  cleavage 
surfaces. 

Fracture  uneven.  Cuts  hard  to  a knife-edge.  Streak  grayish- 
white.  Effervesces  slightly  in  acid,  fuses  before  the  blowpipe  at 
5,  to  a grayish-white  glass. 

Weathers  rather  evenly,  to  a cream  color,  and  to  the  depth  of  y 
to  y inch  : on  examining  the  weathered  surface  with  a lens,  it  is 


10 


APPENDIX  A . 


found  to  be  roughened  and  lightened  in  color,  by  projecting  gran- 
ules of  Quartz  and  Feldspar. 


No.  213  (Sp.  1379). — Banded  Magnetic  Mica- Slate. 

Laurentian. — From  iron  locality,  N.  E.  corner  Sect.  22 — T.  46 — R.  42. 

Gray,  inclining  to  brownish,  with  minute  grayish-white  and  with 
also  glittering  specks  ; highly  glistening  on  cleavage  surfaces. 

Resembles  No.  210  in  material  and  structure,  but  is  a little  more 
fissile  and  contains  more  and  brighter  Mica.  It  is  made  up,  with  a 
loose  adherence,  of  hard  laminae,  about  ¥2  inch  thick,  consisting  of 
Quartz  and  Magnetite,  alternating  with  laminae,  not  quite  so  hard 
to  the  knife-edge,  usually  ^ to  ^ inch  thick,  consisting  of  an  ag- 
gregate of  Quartz  and  Feldspar.  The  surface  of  the  seams  is  cov- 
ered with  glistening  films,  consisting  of  large  scales  of  brown  Mica. 
Decidedly  magnetic,  and  polarity  strongly  marked.  Fracture  hack- 
ly. Cuts  hard  to  the  knife-edge.  Streak  grayish-white  and  par- 
tially metallic  (abraded  iron).  Powder  ash-gray,  inclining  to 
brownish  ; the  magnet  separates  23  per  cent,  by  weight,  in  grayish- 
black  particles.  Fuses  before  the  blowpipe  at  4.5,  to  a black  glass. 

Weathers  rather  evenly  on  the  edges  of  the  layers,  to  a surface 
covered  with  narrow  parallel  bands  of  light-red  and  grayish-black, 
more  strongly  contrasted  and  redder  than  the  weathering  of  No. 
210. 


No.  214  (Sp.  1380). — Banded  Magnetic  Siliceous  Schist. 

Laurentian. — From  iron  locality,  N.  E.  corner  Sect.  22 — T.  46 — R.  42. 

Like  No.  213  in  color  and  material,  but  the  laminae  are  adherent 
and  but  faintly  distinguishable  on  a fresh  fracture.  On  the  wea- 
thered surface,  however,  the  Feldspathic  layers  are  usually  y to 
inch  thick,  and  form  light-red  and  brownish-gray  bands,  while 
the  magnetic  quartzose  vary  in  thickness  from  a film  to  y inch,  and 
project  slightly  above  the  surface  as  zigzagged  brown  bands,  rarely 
mottled  with  grayish-white  Quartz,  studded  with  many  sparkling 
octanedra  of  Magnetite.  Strongly  magnetic  and  with  decided  po- 
larity. Many  of  the  cleavage  surfaces  are  stained  brown  and 


APPENDIX  A. 


1 1 1 

blackish-brown  by  the  weathering,  to  the  depth  of  I ]/2  inches  or 
more.  Powder  ash-gray,  slightly  inclining  to  blackish  ; the  mag- 
net separates  about  33  per  cent,  by  weight  in  black  particles. 


No.  215  (Sp.  1390). — Greenish  Feldspathic  Schist  ( Siliceous ). 

Laurentian. — N.  part  of  N.  W.  £ of  Sect.  22 — T.  46 — R.  42. 

Greenish-gray,  minutely  speckled  with  gray  ; minutely  glistening. 

A hard  rock  resembling  No.  212,  but  it  is  a little  coarser  in  tex- 
ture, with  slight  traces  of  schistose  structure  in  the  hand  specimen  ; 
and  appears  under  the  lens  to  consist  chiefly  of  granules  of  grayish- 
white  and  greenish-gray  Feldspar,  with  good  cleavage  and  lustre, 
and  of  a black  and  blackish-green  shining  mineral,  in  micaceous 
fragments,  probably  Mica,  sometimes  with  good  cleavage  and  lustre 
(perhaps  fragments  of  Amphibole) ; much  Pyrite  is  disseminated  in 
yellow  granules. 

Fracture  uneven,  approaching  sub-conchoidal.  Cuts  hard  to  the 
knife-edge.  Streak  greenish- white. 

Weathers  evenly  and  smoothly,  to  a dirty  yellowish-brown, 
which  under  the  lens  is  seen  to  consist  of  very  slightly  projecting 
thin  flakes  of  Quartz,  which  is  thus  shown  to  be  one  of  the  chief 
constituents  of  the  rock. 


No.  216  (Sp.  1466). — Feldspathic  Siliceous  Schist  ( Micaceous ). 

Laurentian  — S.  of  Sunday  Lake,  Sects.  16  and  21 — T.  47 — R.  45. 

Greenish-gray,  speckled  with  grayish-white  and  pale  yellow ; 
glittering. 

Resembles  No.  215,  but  it  is  coarser,  some  of  the  grains  of  gray- 
ish-white and  greenish-gray  Feldspar  being  ^ to  inch  long,  with 
good  cleavage  and  lustre.  It  also  contains  more  Mica,  of  a brown- 
ish-black color,  in  rather  larger  scales,  and  has  a decided  but  irregu- 
lar schistose  structure.  Pyrite  is  abundantly  disseminated  in  pale 
yellow  particles  visible  to  the  eye.  Fuses  before  the  blowpipe  at 
4.5,  to  a blackish-brown  glass.  Cuts  hard  to  the  knife-edge,  with 
a partially  metallic  streak  (abraded  iron). 


I 12 


APPENDIX  A. 


Weathers  rather  unevenly,  to  a reddish-brown,  with  a few  tiny 
lighter-colored  and  quartzose  spots  ; many  of  the  cleavage  surfaces 
are  stained  the  same  color. 


No.  217  (Sp.  1467). — Feldspathic  Siliceous  Schist  ( Micaceous ). 

Laurentian. — S.  of  Sunday  Lake,  Secs.  16  and  21 — T.  47 — R.  45. 

Gray,  speckled  with  grayish-white,  and  dotted  with  short,  mi- 
nute, black,  glittering,  parallel  lines. 

Resembles  No.  216,  but  the  texture  is  finer,  the  Feldspar  is  gray 
and  grayish-white,  and  above  all  the  elongated  scales  of  gray  Mica 
are  peculiarly  arranged,  being  -disseminated  throughout  the  mate- 
rial separately  and  in  parallel  planes,  thus  producing  a fibrous  ap- 
pearance. A thin  seam  of  grayish-white  Quartz  occurs. 

Weathers  smoothly  to  a dirty  brownish-gray ; the  streak  of  the 
weathered  surface  is  partially  metallic  with  abraded  iron,  and  shows 
the  presence  of  Quartz  as  a constituent. 


No.  218  (Sp.  1474)-  — Green  Feldspathic  Schist  ( Siliceous ). 


Laurentian. — N.  side  of  Sect.  16 — T.  47 — R.  45. 

Greenish-gray  and  slightly  lustrous. 

A compact,  tough,  homogeneous  schist,  of  almost  impalpable 
texture,  made  up  of  a greenish-gray  Feldspar,  grayish-white  on  thin 
edges,  and  of  exceedingly  minute  glittering  scales. 

A little  Quartz  is  disseminated  in  tiny  bunches  and  transverse 
veins  ; seams  covered  with  a soft,  lustrous,  sometimes  fibrous,  black 
and  blackish-green  film,  traverse  the  rock  and  produce  apparently 
a schistose  structure. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  greenish-white.  Many  irregular  seams 
and  tiny  cavities,  stained  reddish-brown. 

Weathers  unevenly,  to  a brownish-gray  (Feldspar)  to  the  depth 
of  about  inch,  with  greenish-white  section  ; a little  Quartz  pro- 
jects here  and  there  in  thin  flakes. 

Specimen  1475  is  of  a little  coarser  texture.  Much  Pyrite  is 


APPENDIX  A. 


1 13 

disseminated  in  pale  yellow  minute  particles,  and  a seam  occurs, 
tV  inch  wide,  of  grayish- and  brownish-white  Feldspar,  in  tiny 
facets,  with  good  cleavage  and  lustre. 


No.  219  (Sp.  i523)- — Decomposed  Chloritic  Schist. 

Laurentian. — W.  branch  of  Ontonagon  River,  Sect.  13 — T.  46 — R.  41. 


Chocolate-brown,  mottled  with  large  spots  of  greenish-gray. 

A rather  soft,  fissile,  and  rather  slaty  fine-grained  aggregate  of 
scales  of  greenish-gray  Chlorite  and  Talc.  Mostly  decomposed 
into  chocolate-brown,  with  perhaps  a little  Feldspar.  Surface  of 
laminae  somewhat  corrugated  and  shining.  A few  irregular 
fissures. 

Streak  brownish-red  or  greenish-white. 

Weathered  surface  even,  and  unchanged  in  color.  Many  exceed- 
ingly minute  silvery  greenish-gray  scales,  apparently  of  Talc,  to 
which  a somewhat  greasy  feel  is  due. 

Resembles  Nos.  190,  192,  and  193. 


No.  220  (Sp.  1 54°)- — Green  Feldspathic  Schist  ( Siliceous ). 

Laurentian. — W.  branch  of  Ontonagon  River,  Sect.  13 — T.  46 — R.  41. 

Greenish-gray,  minutely  speckled  with  gray  ; slightly  glittering. 
Resembles  Nos.  212  and  215,  and  seems  to  be  chiefly  made  up 
of  greenish-gray  and  greenish-white  Feldspar,  in  minute  granules, 
and  probably  Quartz,  with  a little  Mica  in  minute  black  scales. 
Irregular  fissures  occur,  covered  with  films  of  the  Mica  and  of 
brownish-white  Calcite. 

Fracture  uneven.  Cuts  hard  to  the  knife-edge.  Streak  reddish- 
white  and  partially  metallic  (abraded  iron).  Fuses  before  the  blow- 
pipe at  5,  to  a grayish-white  glass. 

Weathers  evenly  and  smoothly,  to  a light  reddish-brown,  to  the 
depth  of  -jig-  inch. 

Specimen  1541  is  a coarser  and  altered  variety  of  1540,  of  a 

reddish-brown  color,  speckled  with  greenish-gray,  the  Feldspar 

8 


APPENDIX  A. 


1 14 

being  in  tiny  facets  visible  to  the  eye,  often  minutely  striated,  and 
with  good  cleavage,  and  much  stained  with  brownish-red  films. 
Effervesces  slightly  in  acid.  Streak  reddish-white. 


No.  221  (Sp.  968). — Bluish- Gray  Argillyte- Slate. 

Huronian. — 1 mile  S.  of  Sturgeon  River,  Sect.  18 — T.  48 — R.  34. 

Dark  bluish-gray  ; a slight  lustre. 

A homogeneous,  very  fine-grained,  and  finely-laminated  roofing- 
slate,  with  a very  minute  fibrous  corrugation  of  the  laminae. 

Streak  light  bluish-gray.  Fuses  before  the  blowpipe  at  6. 
Under  the  lens  many  exceedingly  minute,  dark,  glistening  scales 
are  distinguished. 

Specimen  969  is  similar  to  968,  but  shade  of  dark-green,  rather 
than  blue  ; corrugation  not  so  regular ; streak  light  greenish- 
gray. 

In  Specimen  970  the  corrugation  is  a little  coarser. 

In  Specimen  971  the  corrugation  is  less  decided  and  regular. 

Specimen  983  (near  centre  of  Sect.  13 — T.  50 — R.  32)  is  similar 
to  968,  but  not  so  fissile,  and  with  only  a slight  fibrous  structure. 

Streak  bluish-white. 

Weathers  roughly  and  to  an  ashy-gray  color  ; cleavage  surfaces 
lined  with  films  of  Calcite. 


No.  222  (Sp.  974). — Bluish-Gray  Argillyte-Slate. 


Huronian. — Plumbago  Brook,  S.  W.  J Sect.  13 — T.  49 — R.  34. 


Dark  bluish-gray  ; dull. 

Streak  bluish-white,  not  so  finely  laminated  as  No.  221,  and 
with  the  bedding  layers  suggested  by  faint  parallel  lines,  slightly 
darker  and  more  granular. 

Weathers  smoothly  and  to  a lighter  color,  revealing  the  bedding 
lines,  even  the  more  minute,  in  alternate  thin  bands  of  light  and 
dark  bluish-gray  and  bluish-white.  A minute  fibrously  corrugated 
structure,  but  not  so  regular  as  in  No.  221. 


APPENDIX  A. 


15 


Another  specimen  (975)  is  similar  to  974,  but  slightly  darker  in 
color,  and  with  a slight  lustre.  A few  parallel  small  bunchy  veins 
tV~tf  inch  thick,  filled  with  a coarse  and  irregular  aggregate  of 
glassy  and  milky  Quartz  and  yellowish-brown  scales  of  Mica.  A 
coarse  corrugation  of  the  laminae,  which  produces  another  cleavage 
resembling  that  of  No.  247. 

The  weathered  surface  has  a minute  cross-striation,  by  the  pro- 
jection of  laminae  on  the  two  cleavage  planes. 


No.  223  (Sp.  976). — Pyritiferous  Argillyte-Slate. 

Huronian. — S.  i post  Sect.  28 — T.  51 — R.  31,  in  Slate  River. 

Similar  to  No.  221,  but  without  the  corrugated  structure,  and 
dotted  over  with  minute  specks  of  yellowish-gray  Pyrite. 

Streak  bluish-gray. 

Weathers  smoothly,  to  a lighter  shade,  speckled  over  with  red- 
dish-brown. 

Specimen  979  is  similar  to  976,  but  with  Pyrite  disseminated 
throughout,  in  numerous  specks  and  films  of  a yellowish-gray 
color. 

Streak  bluish-white. 


No.  224  (Sp.  1104). — Talcose  Feldspathic  Argillyte . 


Huronian — Bed  XIII. — Washington  Mine,  Anderson’s  Pit. 


Ash-gray,  with  a very  slight  tinge  of  green,  and  dull,  with  red- 
dish-gray stripes  ; with  a few  minute  glittering  points. 

A very  compact,  fine-grained,  rather  soft  and  brittle  schist, 
made  up  of  about  8 parts  of  grayish-,  sometimes  greenish-  or  yel- 
lowish-white, Feldspar,  in  minute  particles — I part  of  grayish- 
white,  reddish-white,  or  reddish-gray  Quartz,  and  1 part  of  minute 
scales  of  black  Mica  and  silvery-white  scales  of  Talc.  The  Quartz 
is  mostly  gathered  together,  with  a little  greenish-white  Feldspar, 
into  layers  about  inch  thick  and  inch  apart,  which  occur  in 
tiny  faults. 


APPENDIX  A. 


1 1 6 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish-white.  A few  fissures  occur, 
whose  surface  is  colored  grayish-black,  inclining  to  greenish,  and 
possesses  a greasy  feel. 

Weathers  rather  evenly,  to  a dirty  brownish-gray,  mottled  with 
greenish-gray. 


No.  225  (Sp.  1241). — Talcose  Feldspathic  Argillyte. 


? — §■  way  from  Paint  to  Grand  Portage,  Michigamme  River. 


Greenish-gray,  covered  with  tiny  blackish-green  dots ; dull. 

A soft,  compact,  tough,  crypto-crystalline  schist,  which  appears 
under  the  lens  to  consist  of  exceedingly  minute  granules  of  gray- 
ish-white Feldspar,  covered  with  greenish-gray  scales  of  Talc ; 
through  this  are  dispersed  irregularly  oval  spots,  about  inch 
long,  which  are  produced  by  tiny  parallel  films  of  a blackish-gray 
material. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish-white.  The  feel  is  slightly 
greasy,  like  Talc.  Many  irregular  fissures,  stained  blackish- 
brown. 

Weathers  unevenly  to  a blackish-brown,  mottled  with  yellowish- 
brown. 

No.  226  (Sp.  1081). — Magnetic  Talc- Schist. 


Huronian. — Bed  XIII. — Old  Washington  Mine. 


On  cleavage  surface,  gray,  and  shining,  minutely  speckled 
with  black  and  somewhat  mottled  with  brownish-gray ; on  a 
fresh  fracture,  grayish-green  and  dull,  with  many  glittering  black 
points. 

A rather  soft,  compact,  talcose  schist,  with  slightly  greasy  feel, 
which  appears  to  be  made  up  of  about  5 parts  of  greenish-gray  Talc, 
in  silvery  scales  (which  may  be  partly  altered  into  a Mica),  of  about 
3 parts  of  greenish-white  Feldspar,  and  of  2 parts  of  Magnetite  in 
octahedral  crystals,  which  has  been  almost  entirely  converted  into 
black  glittering  scales  of  Micaceous-Iron,  many  of  which  retain 
triangular  shapes. 


APPENDIX  A. 


1 17 


Fracture  hackly.  Streak  white.  Slightly  attracts  the  magnetic 
needle.  Cleavage  surfaces  are  generally  stained  with  a brownish- 
gray  film  and  covered  with  a very  minute  corrugation. 

Weathered  surface  rather  even,  and  colored  to  reddish  and  yel- 
lowish shades  of  brown. 


No.  227  (S). — Porphyritic  Talc-Schist. 

Huronian. — Parsons  Mine. 

Reddish-brown,  streaked  and  speckled  with  grayish-white  ; mi- 
nutely glittering. 

A rather  hard,  compact,  heavy,  fine-grained  schist,  which  ap- 
pears under  the  lens  to  consist  chiefly  of  a very  fine-grained 
aggregate  of  grayish- white  Feldspar,  minute  scales  of  silvery- white 
Talc,  and  reddish-brown  Ferric  Oxide. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish-white,  dotted  with  brick-red. 
Surface  of  fissures  stained  reddish-brown. 

Weathers  rather  unevenly,  to  a uniform  chocolate-brown,  cov- 
ered with  reddish-white  to  reddish-gray  rectangular  specks.  These 
last  consist  of  Kaolin,  and  reveal  the  dissemination,  to  the  amount 
of  nearly  one  tenth  of  the  bulk  of  the  rock,  of  thin  tabular  crystals 
of  Feldspar,  usually  to  inch  in  length,  and  rarely  over  inch 
in  thickness,  which  cannot  be  distinguished  on  a fresh  fracture. 


No.  228  (Sp.  738). — Tabular  Magnetite- Schist. 

Huronian. — Bed  XIII. — Spurr  Range,  Sect.  23 — T.  48 — R.  31. 

Bluish-black,  slightly  lustrous,  and  divided  into  parallel  bands  of 
thin  glittering  streaks. 

An  exceedingly  fine-grained,  homogeneous,  hard  Magnetite,  of 
steely  compactness,  and  of  a tabular  lamination.  The  layers  are 
usually  regular  and  parallel,  from  % to  inch  in  thickness,  and 
contain  a few  octahedra  visible  to  the  eye.  They  are  separated 
from  each  other  by  thin  laminae  through  which  much  Mica  is 
disseminated  in  distinct  brownish  scales.  Many  irregular  fis- 


1 1 8 


APPENDIX  A. 


sures  occur,  stained  with  dirty  shades  of  yellowish  and  reddish- 
brown. 

Fracture  rather  even.  Streak  iron-black.  Powder  grayish- 
black  and  dull.  Strongly  magnetic,  and  with  decided  polarity. 
The  magnet  separates  about  99  per  cent,  of  the  bulk. 

Weathers  roughly,  the  Mica  assuming  a golden  yellow  color  and 
lustre,  mingled  with  a reddish-brown  powder. 


No.  229  (Sp.  728). — Fine-Grained  Magnetite-Schist. 

Huronian. — Bed  XIII. — Spurr  Range,  E.  side  Sect.  23 — T.  48 — R.  31. 

Glittering  bluish-black,  striped  with  many  narrow  dull  bands. 

A brittle  and  friable,  fine-grained,  schistose  Magnetite,  made  up 
of  parallel  layers,  ^ to  ^ inch  thick,  some  of  which  are  soft,  loose 
aggregations  of  glittering  crystalline  particles,  easily  visible  to  the 
eye,  and  sometimes  having  a brownish  tinge  ; while  the  others  are 
exceedingly  fine-grained,  hard,  and  dull.  They  both  consist  of 
aggregates  of  octahedral  crystals  of  Magnetite,  varying  in  size, 
and  more  or  less  perfect  in  form,  and  of  minute  granules  of  brown- 
ish and  grayish-white  Quartz. 

Fracture  somewhat  uneven.  Streak  iron-black.  Strongly  mag- 
netic and  with  decided  polarity.  Powder  black  and  glittering  ; 
the  magnet  separates  about  92  per  cent,  of  the  bulk. 

Weathers  rather  evenly,  and  unchanged  in  color,  though  slightly 
streaked  with  brownish-gray. 


No.  230  (Sp.  1502). — Black  Magnetite-Slate. 

Huronian. — Sunday  Lake  Outlet. 

Bluish-black  and  dull. 

An  exceedingly  hard  and  brittle  Magnetite-Slate,  of  impalpable 
texture,  showing  only  a very  few  glittering  points  (probably  Mica), 
and  made  up  loosely  of  laminae,  about  ^ to  inch  thick. 

The  fissures  between  the  laminae  are  stained  yellowish-brown. 
A transverse  vein  of  glassy  Quartz,  about  inch  wide. 

Fracture  of  laminae  even.  Strongly  magnetic,  and  with  strong 


APPENDIX  A. 


1 19 

polarity.  Hardly  touched  by  the  file.  Streak  and  powder  brown- 
ish-black and  dull  ; the  magnet  takes  up  all  the  powder. 

Weathers  smoothly,  to  a dirty  cream  color,  mottled  with  light 
reddish-brown. 


No.  231  (Sp.  737)- — Chloritic  Magnetite- Schist. 


Huronian. — Bed  XIII. — Spurr  Range,  Sect.  23 — T.  48 — R.  31. 


Lustrous  bluish-black,  with  narrow  bands  of  dark  greenish- 
gray. 

A compact,  tough,  fine-grained  schist,  made  up  of  laminae, 
mostly  parallel,  but  often  coalescing,  from  a film  in  thickness 
up  to  inch,  and  of  two  materials.  The  one  consists  of  an 
exceedingly  compact  steely  Magnetite,  with  lustrous  fracture, 
in  which  the  glittering  octahedral  and  grayish-white  granules 
of  Quartz  are  distinguishable  by  the  lens  ; the  other  of  a fis- 
sile, soft  Chlorite,  through  which  many  larger  octahedra  of  Mag- 
netite and  minute  granules  of  grayish-white  Quartz  are  dissem- 
inated. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  iron-black,  dotted  with  light  greenish- 
gray.  Strongly  magnetic,  and  with  decided  polarity.  Some  of 
the  chloritic  laminae  are  dotted,  apparently  by  decomposition,  with 
minute  yellowish-brown  specks.  Powder  dark  grayish-green  and 
dull.  The  magnet  separates  about  94  per  cent,  of  the  bulk. 

Weathers  smoothly,  to  dirty  shades  of  reddish  and  yellowish- 
brown. 


No.  232  (Sp.  733). — Chloritic  Magnetite- Schist . 


Huronian. — Bed  XIII. — Spurr  Range,  Sect.  23 — T.  48 — R.  31. 


Exactly  like  No.  231,  except  that  many  of  the  layers  of  Magnetite 
are  coarser  and  glitter  with  minute  octahedra  of  Magnetite,  and 
some  of  the  chloritic  layers,  near  the  weathered  surface,  are  decom- 
posed irregularly  into  a soft  brown  powder.  Powder  dark  grayish- 
green,  slightly  glittering.  The  magnet  separates  about  80  per  cent, 
of  the  bulk,  in  a blackish-green,  slightly  glittering  powder,  the  re- 


120 


APPENDIX  A. 


mainder  being  an  olive-green,  dull  mixture  of  granules  of  grayish- 
white  Quartz  and  olive-green  Chlorite. 


No.  233  (Sp.  1512), — Green  Magnetite- Schist. 

Huronian. — N.  side  of  S.  E.  £ Sect.  8 — T.  47 — R.  45. 

Cast-iron  gray,  with  greenish  shade,  with  faint  narrow  stripes, 
slightly  darker  in  color ; glittering  in  the  sun. 

A compact,  tough,  fine-grained  Magnetite-Schist,  of  crypto-crys- 
talline texture,  with  a laminated  structure  denoted  by  many  faint 
dark  lines  on  its  section.  It  consists  of  exceedingly  minute  granules 
of  a black  color  (Magnetite),  and  of  a grayish-white  (Feldspar  and 
Quartz  ?),  with  minute  silvery-gray  scales  of  Mica  (or  perhaps 
Chlorite  ?). 

Decidedly  magnetic,  and  with  decided  polarity. 

Fracture  sub-conchoidal.  Streak  white.  Powder  ash-gray, 
slightly  inclining  to  brownish,  grayish,  and  dull.  The  magnet 
separates  about  96  per  cent,  of  the  bulk,  having  the  same  ash-gray 
color — showing  intimate  admixture  of  the  constituents. 

Weathering  yellowish-  and  reddish-brown,  inch  in  depth, 

and  with  an  even  surface. 


No.  234  (Sp.  736).  — Quartzose  Magnetite-Schist. 

Huronian. — Bed  XIII. — Spurr  Range,  Sect.  23 — T.  48 — R.  31. 

Bluish-black,  with  more  or  less  glittering  bands,  some  of  which 
are  mottled  with  grayish-white. 

Consists  of  layers,  ^ to  ^ inch  thick,  of  the  two  undecomposed 
materials  of  No.  236,  with  others,  y to  y2  inch  thick,  which  are 
decidedly  quartzose  and  hard,  the  grayish-white  Quartz  granules 
greatly  predominating. 

Fracture  even.  Streak  iron-black.  One  crystal  of  Pyrite,  about 
y inch  square,  occurs  in  a quartzose  layer.  Powder  blackish-gray 
and  dull.  Magnetic  and  with  decided  polarity.  The  magnet 
separates  about  97  per  cent,  by  weight. 

Weathers  of  a dirty  brownish-yellow  color,  and  rather  evenly,  the 
quartzose  layers  slightly  projecting. 


APPENDIX  A. 


121 


No.  235  (Sp.  1230). — Quart zose  Magnetite- Schist. 

Huronian. — Felch  Mountain,  Sects.  32  and  33 — T.  42 — R.  28. 


Iron-black,  slightly  lustrous,  banded  with  blackish-gray,  mottled 
with  reddish-gray. 

A very  hard,  fine-grained,  compact  schist,  resembling  No.  154, 
made  up  of  layers,  about  y2  inch  thick,  of  reddish-gray  Quartz- 
yte,  consisting  of  grayish-white  and  brownish-red  granules  of 
Quartz  and  minute  glittering  scales,  perhaps  Mica,  and  of  layers 
of  fine-grained  Magnetite,  generally  of  almost  steely  compact- 
ness, but  sometimes  with  glittering  particles  visible  to  the  eye, 
among  which  good  octahedrons  can  rarely  be  distinguished  by 
the  lens. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  reddish-white  on  the  Quartzyte  layers, 
and  on  the  black  layers  mostly  reddish-brown,  but  in  places  iron- 
black.  Strongly  magnetic,  and  with  decided  polarity.  A system 
of  transverse  parallel  cleavage  planes,  stained  reddish-brown.  Many 
minute  strings  and  bunches,  sometimes  ^ inch  long,  of  glistening 
Magnetite,  associated  with  particles  of  a soft  brown  Ochre  and  red- 
dish-white Quartz.  Powder  reddish-black  and  somewhat  glittering, 
and  is  completely  taken  up  by  the  magnet. 

Weathered  surface  uneven,  and  of  a dirty  reddish-brown  color. 


No.  236  (Sp.  735). — Ochrey  Magnetite-Schist . 


Huronian. — Bed  XIII. — Spurr  Range,  Sect.  23 — T.  48 — R.  31. 

Dull  bluish-black,  with  a few  glittering  bands,  and  with  others 
of  a reddish-brown  color. 

A form  of  No.  229,  consisting  chiefly  of  the  dull  compact 
layers,  but  partly  of  glittering  layers  which  are  not  so  coarse 
as  those  of  No.  229.  Many  thin  laminae  are  partly  weathered 
into  a softer  reddish-brown  Ochre.  A few  transverse  seams 
occur,  colored  brownish-yellow.  Strongly  magnetic,  and  with  de- 
cided polarity. 

Streak  iron-black  and  reddish-brown.  Powder  snuff-brown 
and  dull.  The  magnet  separates  about  98  per  cent,  of  the 
weight. 


122 


APPENDIX  A. 


No.  237  (Sp.  689). — Specular-Iron  Schist. 

Huronian. — Bed  XIII. — N.  side  of  Sect.  19 — T.  47 — R.  27. 

Iron-black  and  shining. 

A compact,  homogeneous  schist,  of  finely  fibrous  and  minutely 
lamellar  structure,  with  a high  lustre,  and  covered  with  minute 
glittering  points,  which  under  the  lens  are  shown  to  be  tiny  scales 
of  irregular  shape.  On  a fresh  fracture  it  is  faintly  perceptible 
(more  clearly  under  the  lens)  that  the  ore  is  made  up  of  thin  and 
irregular  lenticular  layers,  which  differ  from  each  other  in  fineness 
of  grain,  height  of  lustre,  hardness,  and  abundance  of  the  glitter- 
ing scales ; minute  granules  of  grayish-white  and  reddish-white 
Quartz  are  disseminated  throughout  the  ore,  occasionally  in  tiny 
lenticular  or  rounded  masses  visible  to  the  eye. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  reddish-brown.  Powder  brownish- 
black  and  glittering. 

Weathers  evenly,  but  with  a fibrous  surface,  from  the  thin  edges 
of  many  irregularly  projecting  laminae. 


No.  238  (Sp.  1234). — Quartzose  Hematite- Schist. 


Huronian. — Upper  Menominee  Range,  Sect.  31 — T.  42 — R.  29. 


Bluish-black,  slightly  lustrous,  streaked  and  speckled  with  red- 
dish-brown. 

A rather  fine-grained,  hard,  cellular  schist,  mostly  made  up  of 
an  aggregate  of  granules  of  smoky  and  grayish-white  Quartz,  glit- 
tering particles  of  Hematite  of  bluish-black  color,  and  many  of 
which  are  revealed  by  the  lens  to  possess  an  octahedral  form  (Mar- 
tite),  and  larger  scales  inch  across,  apparently  of  Micaceous- 
Iron,  with  much  reddish-brown  Ochre  dispersed  throughout  in 
irregular  particles  and  parallel  seams,  which  mark  the  schistose 
structure.  The  smoky  and  grayish-white  Quartz  are  also  often 
gathered  in  irregular  bunches  and  lenticular  masses,  sometimes  1 
or  2 inches  long. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  reddish-brown.  Powder  reddish- 
brown  and  glittering,  from  which  the  magnet  separates  a very  few 
black  particles. 


APPENDIX  A. 


123 


Weathers  very  unevenly,  to  a brownish-black  color,  the  quartzose 
layers  and  bunches  projecting  irregularly. 


No.  239  (Sp.  1235). — Quartzose  Hematite-Schist . 


Huronian. — Upper  Menominee  Range,  Sect.  31 — T.  42 — R.  29. 

Sparkling  bluish-black,  exactly  like  the  color  of  No.  229. 

A compact,  homogeneous,  and  somewhat  brittle  Hematite- 
Schist,  rather  fine-grained,  but  with  distinct  particles,  and  having 
a sub-schistose  structure.  Under  the  lens  most  of  the  particles 
appear  to  be  irregular  scales,  but  many  retain  an  octahedral  form 
(Martite).  Granules  of  grayish  Quartz  are  also  revealed  ; in  some 
places  the  Quartz  is  gathered  in  tiny  particles  and  bunches  visible 
to  the  eye. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  reddish-brown.  Powder  reddish-brown 
and  glittering.  The  magnet  separates  about  1 per  cent,  of  the 
bulk. 

Weathers  rather  unevenly,  with  a diminution  of  lustre. 


No.  240  (Sp.  1237). — Quartzose  Hematite-Schist. 

Huronian. — Upper  Menominee  Range,  Sect.  31 — T.  42 — R.  29. 

Cast-iron  gray,  with  bluish  shade  ; glittering. 

A very  hard,  compact,  tough,  homogeneous,  fine-grained  Hema- 
tite, of  imperfectly  schistose  structure,  chiefly  made  up  of  minute 
glittering  irregular  scales  of  iron-black  Micaceous-Iron,  together 
with  granules  of  grayish-white  Quartz,  only  to  be  distinguished 
by  a lens.  A few  irregular  fissures,  stained  reddish-  and  yellowish- 
brown. 

Fracture  uneven,  but  approaching  sub-conchoidal  on  large  sur- 
faces. Streak  reddish-brown.  Slightly  magnetic.  Powder  black- 
ish-brown and  glittering.  The  magnet  separates  only  a few  black 
particles. 

Weathered  surface  smooth  and  somewhat  polished,  of  a dirty 
shade  of  blackish-brown. 


124 


APPENDIX  A. 


No.  241  (Sp.  1429).  — Ochrey  Quartzose  Hematite- Schist. 

Huronian. — W.  line  of  Sect.  18 — T.  47 — R.  45. 

Blackish-brown,  irregularly  mottled  with  brownish-red  and  red- 
dish-gray ; dull. 

A soft,  compact,  somewhat  schistose  Hematite,  mostly  of  im- 
palpable texture,  in  which  grayish  and  yellowish-white  Quartz  and 
brownish-red  Ochre  are  disseminated,  in  irregular  tiny  bunches, 
and  a very  few  minute  scales  of  silvery-gray  Mica. 

Effervesces  slightly  with  acid.  Thin  films  of  a grayish-white  and 
yellowish-brown  color  traverse  the  rock  irregularly. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  bright  reddish-brown. 

Weathers  unevenly,  assuming  lighter  shades  of  color. 


No.  242  (Sp.  872).  — Calcareous  Ochrey  Siliceous  Schist. 

? — Near  North  end  of  Presqu’isle. 

Grayish-white,  striped  throughout  with  yellowish-brown. 

A tough,  fine-grained,  ferruginous,  schistose  rock,  traversed 
throughout  by  layers  about  inch  thick  and  apart,  largely  com- 
posed of  hard  grayish-white  crystalline  Calcite,  somewhat  but  irreg- 
ularly parallel,  and  with  thinner  laminae  crossing  at  all  angles.  The 
chief  material  is  a brownish-yellow,  siliceous  Ochre,  through  which 
are  disseminated  small  scales  of  brownish-black  Hematite  and  tiny 
crystalline  masses  of  a light  green  mineral — probably  Talc. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  brownish-white.  Effervesces  briskly 
with  acid,  the  grayish-white  layers  dissolving  out. 

Weathers  smoothly  and  of  same  color,  the  calcareous  laminae 
sometimes  projecting  above  the  brown  oxide,  where  somewhat 
separated  from  each  other. 


No.  243  (Sp.  995). — Ochrey  Calcareous  Hematite. 

Huronian. — Slate  River,  Sect.  28 — T.  51 — R.  31. 

Blackish-gray,  mottled  with  reddish-brown  and  bright  brownish- 
yellow  ; glistening. 

A compact,  coarsely  crystalline  aggregate  of  Calcite,  in  large 


APPENDIX  A. 


125 


facets,  often  to  inch  across,  with  irregular  crystalline  bunches 
of  calcareous  reddish-brown  Hematite,  smaller  bunches  of  Limonite 
and  of  grayish-white  fine-grained  Quartz  being  interspersed  in  less 
proportion.  Effervesces  strongly  with  acid. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  white,  reddish-brown,  and  bright 
brownish-yellow. 

Weathers  unevenly,  to  dirty  shades  of  yellowish  and  reddish- 
brown,  the  Hematite  projecting  above  the  Calcite,  and  the  surface 
of  the  latter  being  minutely  furrowed  by  the  weathered-out  edges 
of  its  harder  laminae. 


No.  244  (Sp.  896). — Kaolinic  Ochre-Schist. 

Huronian. — L’Anse  Iron  Range,  Sect.  9 — T.  49 — R.  33. 

Stripes  of  gray  and  reddish-brown. 

A soft,  compact,  finely  granular  rock,  made  up  of  layers  y^  inch 
thick  of  two  materials  ; the  one  being  reddish-brown  and  composed 
of  Hematite-Ochre,  and  amounting  to  about  6 parts  ; and  the  other 
being  a mixture,  of  a gray  color,  speckled  with  white,  of  red  Ferric 
Oxide  with  a very  soft  white  Kaolin,  amounting  to  about  4 parts. 
Many  irregular  fissures,  one  of  which  is  mottled  with  black  and 
possesses  a high  polish  of  slickensides. 

Streak  light  reddish-brown.  No  weathered  surface  on  the  speci- 
men, which  is  a decomposed  variety  of  a schist  associated  with  the 
specular  ores. 


No.  245  (Sp.  890). — Brown  Limonite- Schist. 

Huronian. — L’Anse  Iron  Range,  near  centre  N.  W.  £ Sect.  9 — T.  49 — R.  33. 

Blackish-brown,  with  reddish  shade. 

A compact,  hard,  rather  brittle  rock,  of  rather  slaty  structure, 
made  up  of  minute  granules  of  light  reddish-brown  Quartz,  par- 
ticles of  Limonite,  and  minute  micaceous  scales. 

Fracture  even.  Streak  light  yellowish-brown.  A few  tiny 
geodes  lined  with  Limonite,  and  others  filled  with  brick-red  Ochre. 

Weathered  surface  smooth,  and  covered  with  reddish-brown 
Ochre. 


126 


APPENDIX  A . 


No.  246  (Sp.  879). — Carbonaceous  Slate . 

Huronian. — Lower  Bed. — L’Anse  Iron  Range,  S.  side  of  Sect.  9 — T.  49 — R.  33. 

Blackish-brown  ; dull. 

A compact,  hard,  fine-grained,  fissile,  Carbonaceous  Argillyte, 
with  a few  minute  seams  of  a light  brown  color.  Consists  of 
minute  grains  of  gray  Quartz,  scattered  through  the  black  schistose 
material. 

Streak  glistening  black,  and  rock  receives  a high  polish  by  a 
little  friction.  Soils  paper  by  rubbing. 

Weathers  smooth  and  of  same  color. 


No.  247  (Sp.  904). — Carbonaceous  Shale. 

Huronian. — Lower  Bed. — L’Anse  Iron  Range,  S.  W.  £ of  Sect.  13 — T.  49 — R.  34. 

Grayish-black. 

A rather  hard,  compact,  slightly  Carbonaceous  Argillyte,  with  a 
finely  fibrous  corrugation  of  all  the  laminae,  which  imparts  a minute 
and  peculiar  cleavage  in  2 planes  at  right  angles  to  each  other. 
On  the  cleavage  plane  of  corrugated  surface,  the  color  is  blackish- 
gray  and  slightly  shining  ; on  the  surface  of  the  other  cleavage  plane 
(which  divides  the  rock  into  thin  flakes)  the  color  is  blackish-gray 
and  slightly  shining,  speckled  with  grayish-black  spots  without 
lustre.  In  a diffused  light,  with  no  reflection  from  the  shining 
surfaces,  the  color  of  the  rock  is  grayish-black. 

Streak  greenish-white.  Does  not  soil  paper,  with  carbon,  by 
rubbing. 

No.  248  (Sp.  880). — Quart zose  Carbonaceous  Shale. 

Huronian. — Lower  Bed. — L’Anse  Iron  Range,  S.  side  of  Sect.  9 — T.  49 — R.  33. 

Color  like  No.  246,  but  a shade  blacker  ; dull. 

A rock  similar  to  No.  246,  but  softer,  and  soiling  paper  more 
readily.  Contains  seams  of  glassy  Quartz,  ^ inch  thick ; also 
small  veins  and  bunches,  distributed  irregularly,  and  filled  with  an 
aggregate  of  Quartz,  yellowish-brown  Ochre,  and  minute  scales  of 
Mica. 


APPENDIX  A. 


127 


No.  249  (Sp.  898). — Quart zose  Carbonaceous  Slate. 

Huronian. — Lower  Bed. — L’Anse  Iron  Range,  N.  W.  \ of  Sect.  9 — T.  49 — R.  33. 

Similar  to  No.  246,  but  a little  blacker  and  softer,  and  containing 
a seam  of  glassy  Quartz,  1V  inch  thick. 


No.  250  (Sp.  899). — Graphitic  Shale. 

Huronian. — Lower  Bed. — L’Anse  Iron  Range,  N.  W.  £ of  Sect.  9 — T.  49 — R.  33. 

Resembles  No.  246,  but  with  many  layers  covered  with  a glisten- 
ing  graphitic  film,  some  layers  harder  and  more  compact  than 
others.  Contains  large  bunches  of  an  aggregate  of  Quartz  and 
yellow  and  brownish-yellow  Ochre.  A few  minute  transverse 
seams,  filled  with  the  same  material  as  the  shale,  but  of  more 
granular  structure. 


No.  251  (Sp.  900). — Graphitic  Shale. 


Huronian. — Lower  Bed. — L’Anse  Iron  Range,  N.  W.  \ of  Sect.  9 — T.  49 — R.  33. 


Similar  to  No.  250,  but  of  a laminated  structure,  some  layers 
being  graphitic. 

Weathered  surface  smooth,  the  graphitic  layers  being  more 
polished  so  as  to  impart  a banded  appearance.  A seam  filled  with 
an  aggregate  of  Quartz  and  brownish-yellow  Ochre,  and  covered 
with  indistinct  impressions  of  fucoidal  remains. 


No.  252  (S). — Coarse  Red  Granite. 

Laurentian. — Foster  Mine. 

Light  salmon-colored  spots,  surrounded  by  grayish-black ; 
shining. 

A coarse  Granite,  made  up  of  about  7 parts  of  angular  masses  of 
Orthoclase,  with  good  cleavage  and  lustre,  1 to  2 inches  across,  in 
an  aggregate  of  about  2 parts  of  smoky-gray  to  grayish-white 
Quartz,  in  angular  grains  about  inch  across,  and  grayish-black 
Mica,  inclining  to  greenish,  in  soft  scales,  giving  a gray  streak, 


128 


APPENDIX  A. 


inclining  to  greenish.  Much  of  the  Quartz  is  also  interlaminated, 
in  thin  films  and  leaves,  through  the  cleavage  seams  of  the  Ortho- 
clase. 

Fracture  very  uneven.  Irregular  fissures,  slightly  stained  black- 
ish and  brownish. 

Weathers  unevenly,  the  Feldspar  being  a little  brightened  in 
color,  but  losing  its  lustre. 


No.  253  (Sp.  1228). — Ferruginous  Granite. 

Huronian. — Dyke. — Felch  Mountain,  Sects.  32  and  33 — T.  42 — R.  28. 

Reddish-gray,  mottled  with  light  brown  and  black. 

A hard,  tough,  coarse,  compact  rock,  consisting  of  Feldspar  and 
Quartz,  with  a little  Micaceous-Iron  and  Mica.  The  Feldspar, 
apparently  Orthoclase,  constitutes  about  6 parts  of  the  bulk,  and 
consists  of  small  masses  of  grayish-white  color,  passing  into  the 
softer  brownish-red  material,  with  a few  large  irregular  glassy 
crystals,  ^ to  1 inch  long,  of  a light-brown  color.  The  Quartz 
constitutes  nearly  3 parts  of  the  bulk,  and  is  smoky-gray,  rarely 
greenish-white,  and  occurs  in  small  masses.  The  Micaceous-Iron 
amounts  to  nearly  one  part,  and  occurs  in  tiny  bunches  and  thin 
seams,  often  1 to  2 inches  long,  running  and  crossing  each  other 
irregularly.  The  Mica  is  present  in  very  small  quantity,  in  minute 
silvery-gray  scales,  and  seems  to  be  replaced  by  the  Micaceous- 
Iron:  so  that  this  rock,  to  judge  by  the  hand  specimen,  resembles 
and  may  be  identical  with  the  Eisen-Granit  of  the  Germans. 

Fracture  uneven. 

Weathers  unevenly,  by  the  removal  of  the  Micaceous-Iron  and 
decomposition  of  the  Feldspar,  and  to  a reddish-white  color. 


No.  254  (Sp.  7 41). — Fine-Grained  White  Granite. 


Boulder,  near  34th  Mile  Post,  M.  & O.  Road. 


Grayish-white,  with  minute  blackish-brown  specks  disseminated 
throughout ; glittering. 

A hard,  compact,  tough,  fine-grained  Granite,  made  up  of  4 


APPENDIX  A. 


129 


parts  of  grayish-white  Feldspar,  often  with  good  cleavage,  mi- 
nutely striated  and  iridescent  ; of  5 parts  of  smoky-gray  Quartz,  in 
grains,  like  those  of  the  Feldspar,  rarely  l/%  inch  across  ; and  of 
one  part  of  soft  brownish-black  Mica,  with  gray  streak,  in  minute 
scales,  disseminated  throughout,  without  any  parallel  arrangement. 
A coarse  bunch  occurs,  in  which  the  scales  of  Mica  are  ]/§  inch 
across.  A little  of  the  Mica  inclines  to  a massive  or  fibrous  struc- 
ture, resembling  an  altered  Amphibole  ; and  under  the  lens  many 
minute  grains  are  seen  to  be  associated  with  it  of  a translucent 
yellowish-green  color,  and  with  a glassy  fracture  (Epidote). 

Fracture  sub-conchoidal.  Streak  white. 

Weathers  smoothly  to  a slightly  reddish-white,  some  of  the  small 
grains  of  Feldspar  becoming  soft  and  reddish. 


No.  255  (Sp.  746). — Fine-Grained  Black  Gneiss. 

Boulder,  near  34th  Mile  Post,  M.  & O.  Road. — Lake  Michigamme,  Sect.  3 — T.  47 — 

R.  30. 

Grayish-black,  minutely  speckled  with  gray  ; glittering. 

A hard,  compact,  rather  brittle,  fine-grained  Gneiss,  made  up  of 
minute  scales  of  black  Mica  and  granules  of  grayish-white  Feld- 
spar and  smoky  Quartz,  just  distinguishable  by  the  eye.  Pyrite 
occurs  in  a very  few  tiny  particles. 

Fracture  even.  Streak  gray  and  grayish-white.  Effervesces 
slightly  in  acid.  Fuses  before  the  blowpipe  at  4,  to  a brownish- 
black  blebby  enamel.  A few  seams  occur,  covered  with  films  of 
yellowish-  and  reddish-brown  Ochre. 

Weathers  to  an  even  surface,  of  a reddish-white  color,  minutely 
speckled  with  gray  and  reddish-brown  scales,  and  with  a few  angu- 
lar fragments  projecting,  about  inch  long,  of  a coarse  reddish- 
white  Feldspar. 


No.  256  (Sp.  1248,  B). — Fine-Grained  Black  Gneiss. 

? — Michigamme  River. — E’ly  part  of  Sect.  21 — T.  42 — R.  31. 

Blackish-brown,  speckled  with  gray  ; decidedly  glittering. 

A hard,  compact,  tough,  minutely  porphyritic,  fine-grained 

9 


30 


APPENDIX  A. 


Gneiss,  made  up  of  nearly  4 parts  of  blackish-brown  Mica,  in 
minute  glittering  scales,  of  4 parts  of  a gray  Feldspar,  in  thin  plates 
A T6  inch  l°ng>  and  of  over  2 parts  of  grayish-white  Quartz,  in 
minute  granules.  A little  yellow  Pyrite  is  disseminated  in  small 
particles. 

Fracture  uneven  and  rough.  Streak  grayish-white.  A thin 
seam  of  reddish-brown  Feldspar  crosses  the  specimen,  and  a fissure 
stained  reddish-brown. 

Weathers  unevenly,  to  a blackish-brown,  speckled  with  yellow- 
ish-brown. 


No.  257  (Sp.  1252). — Fine- Grained  Grayish-Black  Gneiss. 

? — Long  Portage. — Sects.  32  and  33 — T.  42 — R.  31. 

Grayish-white,  minutely  speckled  with  black  ; glittering. 

A hard,  tough,  compact,  and  very  fine-grained,  uniform,  lami- 
nated Gneiss,  which  consists  of  about  1 part  of  tiny  scales  of 
black  Mica,  about  4 parts  of  grayish-white  Quartz,  in  minute 
grains,  and  5 parts  of  smoky-gray  or  blackish-gray  Feldspar,  in 
tiny  crystalline  grains. 

Fracture  almost  even.  Streak  white.  A transverse  seam  of 
blackish-green,  glistening  scales  of  Chlorite,  with  a few  yellow  grains 
of  Pyrite. 

Weathers  unevenly,  to  a brownish-black,  the  scales  of  black 
Mica  becoming  silvery-gray.  Somewhat  resembles  a Slate-Gneiss 
(Cotta) — Schiefer-Gneiss  (Germ.). 

Another  variety,  1253,  resembles  1252,  but  the  amount  of  Feld- 
spar is  much  less,  and  the  color  of  the  rock  is  lighter.  A few 
tiny,  short,  lenticular  seams  of  grayish-white  Quartz  occur  ; and  the 
weathered  surface  is  of  a dirty  reddish-brown. 


No.  258  (Sp.  935). — Coarse  Reddish  Gneiss. 


Laurentian. — Head  of  2 miles  Portage  in  Sect.  18 — T.  45 — R.  29. 


Mottled  grayish-white,  reddish-brown,  smoky-gray,  and  black. 

A compact,  hard,  tough,  coarse,  porphyritic  Gneiss,  with  a 
parallel  arrangement  of  all  its  constituents,  especially  of  the  Mica. 


APPENDIX  A. 


13 


The  Feldspar  constitutes  over  6 parts  of  the  bulk  of  the  rock,  and 
mostly  occurs  in  large  angular  masses,  often  1 inch  by  y inch,  of  a 
grayish  and  grayish-white  color.  Along  the  edges  of  the  facets 
and  throughout  many  of  the  smaller  masses,  it  passes  into  a some- 
what softer  material,  of  a brownish-red  color,  inclining  to  deep 
orange,  and  with  a reddish-white  streak,  which  is  evidently  the  result 
of  decomposition.  The  Quartz,  which  amounts  to  over  2 parts, 
occurs  in  smaller  masses,  rarely  y2  inch  long,  of  a grayish- 
white  and  smoky-gray  color.  The  Mica  is  very  generally  dis- 
seminated in  tiny  bunches  and  somewhat  parallel  short  seams, 
consisting  of  minute  black  scales,  rarely  silvery-gray,  which  are  soft 
and  give  a greenish-gray  streak,  from  partial  decomposition. 

Fracture  uneven.  Tiny  yellowish-brown  coatings  occur  on  the 
Mica. 

Weathers  unevenly,  to  a grayish-black  color  and  to  a depth  of 
about  y inch,  being  brownish-black  and  shining  on  the  fresh  frac- 
ture. 

In  Specimen  936,  the  Feldspar  is  a shade  whiter,  the  gneissic 
structure  is  less  marked,  and  the  weathering  smoother,  thinner, 
and  of  a brownish-black  color. 

Specimen  937  contains  very  little  Mica,  the  Quartz  is  nearly 
equal  in  bulk  to  the  Feldspar,  and  the  weathering  is  like  that 
of  936. 


No.  259  (Sp.  947).  — Grayish-White  Gneiss. 

Laurentian. — From  State  Road  L’Anse  to  Champion,  T.  49 — R.  33. 


Grayish-white,  with  black  specks  and  streaks. 

A compact,  hard,  tough,  fine-grained  Gneiss,  of  which  the  Mica 
is  arranged  in  parallel  seams,  but  is  chiefly  disseminated  in  a few 
layers,  about  y2  inch  thick.  The  Feldspar  is  grayish-white,  often 
minutely  striated,  occasionally  decomposed  into  a softer  light 
brownish-red  material,  occurs  usually  in  tiny  particles,  but  renders 
the  micaceous  layers  porphyritic  with  masses  sometimes  y by  y 
inch,  and  constitutes  about  6 parts  of  the  bulk  of  the  rock.  The 
Quartz  is  the  same  as  in  No.  258,  but  occurs  in  smaller  particles, 
and  constitutes  nearly  4 parts  of  the  bulk  of  the  rock.  The  Mica  is 
the  decomposed  variety  of  No.  258,  is  not  so  generally  diffused, 


32 


APPENDIX  A. 


and  is  present  in  small  quantity.  Yellowish-green  Epidote  occurs 
in  small  quantity,  in  minute  particles,  through  a micaceous  layer, 
and  in  tiny  crystals  in  a transverse  vein  of  smoky-gray  Quartz. 
Fracture  rather  even. 

Weathers  rather  evenly  to  a reddish-gray  color. 


No.  260  (Sp.  1548). — Mottled  Gneiss . 


Laurentian. — From  N.  % of  T.  46 — R.  41. 


A small  fragment  of  Gneiss,  coarser  than  1 546,  chiefly  made 
up  of  angular  masses  of  a brownish-red  and  a grayish-white  Feld- 
spar, and  smoky-gray  Quartz,  about  to  y2  inch  across,  in  about 
equal  quantities.  A little  Mica,  with  silvery-gray  scales,  is  also  dis- 
seminated in  tiny  seams. 

Fracture  uneven.  A few  fissures. 

The  specimen  is  too  small  to  distinguish  the  feldspars  (which  may 
both  be  varieties  of  one  species).  The  angular  crystalline  masses 
may  also  entitle  it  to  the  name  porphyritic.  This  specimen  may 
be  from  a vein  in  No.  296. 


No.  261  (Sp.  1226). — Black  Hornblende-Gneiss . 


Laurentian. — Felch  Mountain,  Sects.  32  and  33 — T.  42 — R.  28. 


Black  and  glittering,  speckled  with  gray. 

A rather  fine-grained,  uniform  Gneiss,  resembling  Nos.  262  and 
265,  and  is  composed  of  about  5 parts  of  black  Amphibole,  in 
fibrous  facets  of  high  lustre,  slightly  altered  and  softened,  rarely  -jig- 
inch  across,  and  with  a decided  parallel  arrangement,  and  of  a gray 
mixture  of  about  3 parts  of  grayish- white  Quartz  and  2 parts  of 
grayish-white  Feldspar,  in  particles  not  distinguishable  by  the 
eye. 

Fracture  nearly  even.  Streak  greenish- white.  A few  fissures 
stained  reddish-brown. 

Weathers  evenly  but  roughly,  to  a grayish  and  reddish-white  color, 
speckled  with  blackish-green  to  a depth  of  inch. 


APPENDIX  A. 


133 


The  following  two  varieties  illustrate  the  common  alteration  of 
the  Amphibole  of  these  Gneisses,  partially  (Sp.  1229)  or  entirely 
(Sp.  1224)  into  a black  Mica. 


(Sp.  1229.)  Fine-Grctined  Black  Gneiss. 

Dark  cast-iron  gray,  inclining  to  a slight  tinge  of  purplish  or 
greenish  in  different  lights  ; slightly  lustrous. 

A rather  hard,  compact,  tough,  fine-grained  Gneiss,  of  quite  fis- 
sile structure,  which  appears  under  the  lens  to  consist  of  about  2 
parts  of  minute  granules  of  grayish-white  Quartz,  4 parts  of  gray 
Feldspar,  and  4 parts  of  minute  narrow-bladed  scales  of  black  and 
blackish-brown  Mica.  Seams  of  lamination  often  stained  reddish- 
brown.  A few  transverse  irregular  veins,  to  ^ inch  wide,  some- 
times widening  into  bunches,  1 inch  across,  filled  with  a fine-grained 
aggregate  of  gray  and  grayish-white  Feldspar,  grayish- white 
Quartz,  and  black  Amphibole,  with  greenish-gray  streak,  some- 
times in  crystals  3^  inch  long. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish- white. 

Weathers  evenly,  the  veins  slightly  projecting,  to  a lighter  green- 
ish-gray, mottled  with  grayish-white  and  dirty  brownish-gray. 


(Sp.  1224.)  Fine-Grained  Black  Gneiss. 

Blackish-gray  ; slightly  glittering. 

A hard,  tough,  compact,  very  fine-grained  Gneiss,  whose  imper- 
fectly schistose  structure  is  chiefly  shown  in  the  shape  of  the 
specimen.  It  appears  under  the  lens  to  consist  of  about  3 parts  of 
minute  granules  of  gray  Quartz,  4 parts  of  minute  scales  of  black 
Mica,  which  glitter,  on  the  section,  and  3 parts  of  grayish-white  to 
brownish-gray  Feldspar,  in  minute  granules — a single  crystal  of 
which  was  observed,  inch  long. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  greenish-white.  A few  fissures  stained 
reddish-brown,  yellowish-brown,  and  white. 

Weathers  unevenly,  to  grayish-black  minutely  speckled  with 
brownish-gray,  the  surface  being  studded  with  reddish-white  rec- 
tangular spots.  The  spots  consist  of  irregular  rectangular  masses, 
dispersed  at  intervals  of  about  ]/2  inch  apart,  3^5  to  inch  long,  of 


134 


APPENDIX  A. 


a reddish-white  fine-grained  aggregate  of  grayish-white  Quartz  and 
reddish-white  Feldspar,  appearing  to  be  altered  crystals  of  Feldspar 
and  producing  a porphyritic  appearance. 


No.  262  (Sp.  949). — Black  Hornblende-Gneiss . 

Laurentian. — From  State  Road  L’Anse  to  Champion,  S.  of  T.  49 — R.  33. 

Greenish-black,  with  minute  specks  and  narrow  bands  of  grayish- 
white  ; glittering. 

A hard,  compact,  tough,  finely  crystalline  Gneiss,  with  a few 
coarse-grained  layers,  varying  irregularly  from  to  y2  inch  in 
thickness.  It  consists  of  slightly  altered  greenish-black  Amphibole, 
in  tiny  fibrous  crystals,  just  distinguishable  on  a fresh  fracture,  of 
grayish-white  and  smoky-gray  Quartz,  and  of  milky-white  and  gray- 
ish-white Feldspar  (?),  in  minute  particles.  The  coarse  thin  layers 
consist  of  an  aggregate  of  the  last  two,  the  facets  of  Feldspar 
being  often  ^ inch  across. 

Fracture  even.  Streak  greenish-white.  A few  irregular  broad 
seams,  covered  with  films  of  shining  Amphibole.  A little  Pyrite  is 
disseminated  throughout,  in  particles,  generally  minute,  but  some- 
times inch  across. 

Weathers  rather  evenly,  the  coarse  layers  slightly  projecting,  of 
a reddish-white  color,  with  smoky-gray  specks  ; while  the  finer 
material  is  reddish-white,  speckled  with  the  dark-green  crystals  of 
Amphibole. 


No.  263  (Sp.  742). — Coarse  Altered  Hornblende-Gneiss. 

Laurentian. — Near  34th  Mile  Post,  M.  & O.  Road,  Lake  Michigamme. 

Grayish- white,  speckled  throughout  with  spots  and  irregular 
parallel  streaks  of  greenish-black  ; glittering. 

Apparently  a coarse  vein  from  No.  254,  and  consists  of  the  same 
materials.  The  Feldspar  constitutes  about  4 parts  and  the  Quartz 
3 parts,  in  facets  and  grains  y1^  to  y&  inch  across.  Through  this 
matrix  are  disseminated,  to  the  amount  of  about  3 parts,  bunches 
tV  % inch  thick  and  often  inch  long,  sometimes  irregular  and 


APPENDIX  A. 


135 


isolated,  but  generally  gathered  in  long  aggregations  with  a parallel 
arrangement.  These  consist  of  about  equal  quantities  of  the 
brownish-black  scales  of  Mica,  and  fibrous  masses  of  black  Amphi- 
bole,  both  soft  and  with  gray  streak,  and  of  the  yellowish-green 
mineral  (Epidote  ?) — each  in  masses  about  y1^  to  inch  across, 
and  therefore  distinguishable  without  the  lens.  Effervesces  but 
very  slightly  in  acid. 

Fracture  uneven,  almost  sub-conchoidal. 

Weathered  surface  uneven,  and  differs  from  the  fresh  fracture  in 
a slight  reddish  tinge  to  the  Feldspar,  and  a bronze-yellow  tinge  to 
the  Mica. 


No.  264  (Sp.  744). — Altered  Hornblende-Gneiss. 

Laurentian. — Near  34th  Mile  Post,  M.  & O.  Road,  Lake  Michigamme. 

A vein,  about  two  inches  broad,  of  the  material  of  No.  254, 
crossing  a coarse  Gneiss  like  No.  263.  It  differs  from  those  speci- 
mens in  the  general  mottling  of  the  Feldspar  with  spots  and  streaks 
of  a reddish-white,  sometimes  brick-red  color ; in  the  occurrence 
of  a few  thin  seams  or  films  of  crystalline  Epidote  ; in  the  occur- 
rence of  a few  particles  of  Pyrite  in  the  grains  and  seams  of  Epidote  ; 
and  in  the  association  of  a little  silvery-white  Mica,  in  minute 
scales,  with  the  black  Mica  of  some  parts  of  the  vein. 


No.  265  (Sp.  954). — Altered  Hornblende-Gneiss. 

Laurentian. — From  State  Road,  L’Anse  to  Champion,  T.  49 — R.  33  and  S.  E. 

Grayish-white,  speckled  and  streaked  with  blackish-green,  and 
with  a few  grayish-white  bands  ; glittering. 

A compact,  tough,  fine-grained,  hard  Hornblende-Gneiss,  chiefly 
made  up  of  about  6 parts  of  grayish-white  Feldspar,  in  facets 
rarely  inch  across — of  about  3 parts  of  similar  grains  of  Quartz, 
grayish-white  inclining  to  smoky — and  of  about  4 parts  of  a fine- 
grained aggregate  of  the  three  minerals  of  No.  268,  denoted  a,  b, 
and  c,  viz.,  blackish-green  softened  fibrous  Amphibole,  greenish- 
black  scales  of  Mica,  and  minute  particles  of  the  yellowish-green 
Epidote.  This  last  dark-green  mixture  is  arranged  in  decidedly 


APPENDIX  A. 


136 

parallel  scales,  giving  the  section  a streaked  or  laminated  appearance. 
A few  bands,  about  y inch  thick,  chiefly  composed  of  a coarse 
aggregate  of  the  Quartz  and  Feldspar,  the  latter  in  facets  sometimes 
nearly  y inch  across.  A little  Pyrite  is  disseminated,  in  minute 
yellow  particles. 

Fracture  even.  Streak  greenish-white. 

Weathers  smoothly,  to  a grayish-white  color,  divided  on  a section 
by  dark-green  lines  into  narrow  stripes  and  bands. 


No.  266  (Sp.  1086). — Chloritic  Hornblende-Gneiss. 

Huronian. — Bed  XI. — Old  Washington  Mine. 

Blackish-green,  minutely  streaked  with  grayish-white  ; glitter- 
ing. 

A compact,  tough,  hard  Gneiss,  which  consists  of  nearly  6 parts 
of  grayish-white  Quartz,  in  minute  granules,  of  probably  about  I 
part  of  greenish  or  grayish-white  Feldspar,  in  exceedingly  minute 
granules,  of  over  2 parts  of  Amphibole,  in  black  and  greenish-black 
blades,  to  y inch  long,  and  of  1 part  of  silvery  scales  of  a 
grayish- white  (Mica  ?)  and  blackish-green  (Chlorite  ?).  Much  of 
the  Quartz  is  gathered  in  thin  lenticular,  greenish-white  flakes,  ^ to 
y inch  long,  which  contrast  with  the  crystals  of  Amphibole  ; and 
certain  layers,  y to  y inch  thick,  consist  almost  entirely  of  the 
greenish-white  Quartz-granules. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  greenish  and  grayish-white.  A few 
particles  of  yellow  Pyrite  are  disseminated  through  the  layers. 

Weathers  unevenly  to  dirty  shades  of  greenish-gray,  mottled 
by  reddish-brown. 


No.  267  (Sp.  1087). — Hornblende-Gneiss . 

Huronian. — Bed  XI. — Old  Washington  Mine. 

Blackish-green,  minutely  speckled  with  black  and  grayish-white ; 
glittering. 

A hard,  compact,  tough,  homogeneous,  fine-grained  Gneiss,  with 


APPENDIX  A. 


13  7 


no  evidence  of  stratification  in  the  hand  specimen  except  its  flatten- 
ed shape.  It  seems  to  be  made  up  of  the  same  constituents  as  No. 
266,  and  about  the  proportion  of  4 parts  of  Amphibole,  in  blades 
rarely  exceeding  inch  in  length,  of  4 parts  of  grayish-white 
Quartz,  and  of  2 parts  of  Feldspar.  The  micaceous  scales  are  not 
distinguishable.  A very  few  glistening  flakes  occur,  showing  cleav- 
age, sometimes  nearly  T3F  inch  long,  which  appear  to  be  partially 
altered  facets  of  Feldspar.  A little  Pyrite  occurs  in  rather  larger 
particles  than  in  No.  266. 

Fracture  nearly  even.  Streak  greenish-white.  Surface  of  fis- 
sures is  stained  reddish-brown. 

Weathers  to  the  depth  of  y inch,  with  a surface  which  is  even 
but  rough,  and  of  a greenish-gray  color,  the  crystals  of  Amphi- 
bole assuming  a blackish-green  and  projecting  above  the  other 
grayish-white  constituents. 


No.  268  (Sp.  1361). — Banded  Hornblende- Gneiss  (. Epidotic ). 

Laurentian. — Near  centre  S.  W.  £ Sect.  19 — T.  4 7 — R.  42. 


Blackish-green,  speckled  with  grayish-white,  and  mottled  with 
greenish-gray  and  with  reddish-white  parallel  stripes  ; glittering. 

A compact,  tough,  calcareous  Hornblende-Gneiss,  of  rather 
coarse  texture,  made  up  of  somewhat  wavy  layers,  some  dark 
and  speckled,  ^ to  I inch  thick,  separated  by  others  which  are 
reddish-white,  about  y inch  thick.  The  latter  consist  of  an  ag- 
gregate of  grains  of  varying  fineness,  rarely  exceeding  y1^  of  an 
inch,  of  glassy  grayish-white  Quartz  and  crystalline  reddish-white 
Feldspar;  thin  seams,  of  the  same  material  but  finer  grained, 
sometimes  run  obliquely  across  and  connect  two  adjacent  layers. 
The  dark  layers  consist,  to  the  extent  of  about  y their  bulk, 
of  the  same  aggregate,  as  a matrix  with  irregular  crystals  of 
the  three  following  minerals  disseminated  throughout,  the  first 
greatly  predominating  : 

a — Blackish-green  Amphibole,  with  a slight  lustre,  in  facets  y 
to  yfc  inch  long,  but  having  about  the  hardness  equal  to  2,  and 
greenish-gray  streak  ; the  greater  dimension  of  the  facets  is  usually 
parallel  to  the  lamination. 


138 


APPENDIX  A. 


b — Glistening  scales  of  black  Mica,  never  over  inch  in  diameter, 
soft  and  giving  a greenish-white  streak.  The  same  Mica  as  that 
of  No.  258. 

c — A rather  soft,  gray  mineral  (probably  Epidote),  with  tinge 
of  yellowish-green,  giving  a white  streak,  which  occurs  abun- 
dantly, sometimes  in  amorphous  particles,  or  in  facets  having 
the  fibrous  structure,  cleavage  and  general  appearance  of  those  of 
Amphibole.  These  particles  are  generally  concentrated  in  certain 
portions  of  a layer,  imparting  to  it  their  color. 

Fracture  of  the  rock  rather  uneven.  Effervesces  with  acid. 

Weathers  roughly  to  a dirty-gray  color,  with  tiny  spots  of  black- 
ish-green (facets  of  Amphibole),  the  white  layers  and  seams  pro- 
jecting slightly  as  ridges  over  the  surface. 


No.  269  (Sp.  1363). — Chloritic  Hornblende-Gneiss. 

Laurentian. — Near  W.  J post  Sect.  19 — T.  47 — R.  42. 


Blackish-green  and  highly  glistening,  speckled  and  banded  with 
brownish-gray  and  greenish-white. 

A compact,  tough  Gneiss,  of  medium  texture,  with  grains  and 
scales  about  -T-  inch  across.  The  Feldspar  constitutes  about  5 parts 
of  the  rock,  occurring  in  gray,  grayish-white,  and  brownish-gray 
glistening  facets,  often  minutely  striated,  which  are  easily  distin- 
guishable in  certain  coarsely  crystalline  layers,  about  y inch  thick, 
made  up  of  the  Feldspar  and  Quartz.  The  latter  is  grayish-white 
and  smoky  gray,  in  distinct  grains,  and  constitutes  nearly  3 parts 
of  the  rock.  The  third  mineral  is  apparently  an  altered  Amphibole, 
constitutes  over  2 parts  of  the  rock,  occurs  in  glistening  scales, 
often  to  y inch  across,  which  resemble  Amphibole  in  fibrous 
structure  and  cleavage,  and  have  a blackish-green  color  by  reflected 
light,  but  are  soft,  give  a greenish-gray  streak,  and  have  a light 
yellowish-green  color  by  transmitted  light. 

Fracture  uneven. 

Weathers  evenly,  to  a light  flesh-red  color,  mottled  with  blackish- 
green. 

In  another  variety  (Sp.  1362),  described  below,  the  Amphibole 
has  been  completely  altered  into  Chlorite. 


APPENDIX  A. 


139 


(Sp.  1362.) — Green  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

Olive-green,  with  glistening  greenish-black  specks  and  greenish- 
gray  streaks. 

A compact,  tough,  fine-grained,  rather  hard  schist,  made  up  of 
about  equal  quantities  of  soft  olive-green  Chlorite,  minutely  crystal- 
line, but  enclosing  many  brownish-,  sometimes  greenish-black 
glistening  scales  of  altered  Mica,  often  y inch  across — of  tiny 
grains  of  glassy  Quartz,  varying  in  color  from  grayish-white  to 
grayish-black,  and  of  greenish-white  Feldspar,  which  can  only 
be  distinguished  in  certain  grayish-white  and  greenish-gray  layers, 
which  are  coarsely  crystalline  and  contain  little  Chlorite. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  greenish-gray. 

Weathers  unevenly,  to  a dirty  yellowish-green,  inclining  to  citrine- 
yellow,  bespangled  with  brownish  scales  of  weathered  Chlorite. 


No.  270  (Sp.  1370). — Altered  Hornblende-Gneiss. 


Laurentian. — Near  W.  £ post  Sect.  19 — T.  47 — R.  42. 


Blackish-green  and  glistening,  with  grayish-white  specks,  trav- 
ersed by  broad  brownish-gray  bands. 

A hard,  compact,  tough,  coarse  calcareous  Gneiss,  in  which 
occurs  a lighter-colored  band,  y2  inch  thick.  The  dark  matrix  con- 
sists of  about  5 parts  of  blackish-green  Amphibole,  altered  like 
that  of  No.  269,  in  fibrous  facets  ^ inch  long — of  2 parts  of  gray- 
ish-white and  smoky-gray  Quartz,  in  tiny  granules — and  of  3 parts 
of  grayish-white,  often  smoky  or  reddish,  Feldspar,  in  tiny  facets, 
often  minutely  striated.  The  facets  of  Amphibole  are  generally 
parallel  to  the  bands,  and  produce  the  schistose  structure.  The 
lighter-colored  band  consists  of  a coarser  aggregate  of  the  Feld- 
spar and  Quartz,  in  grains  sometimes  inch  across,  with  tiny  crys- 
tals of  Amphibole  scattered  throughout  in  small  quantity. 

Fracture  rather  uneven.  Effervesces  decidedly  in  acid,  especially 
the  material  of  the  lighter-colored  bands.  This  is  apparently  a 
coarse  seam  in  Amphibole-Gneiss. 

Weathers  rather  unevenly,  to  a dirty  reddish-brown,  speckled 
with  blackish-green  and  reddish-white. 


140 


APPENDIX  A. 


No.  271  (Sp.  1089). — Black  Hornblende- Schist. 

Huronian. — Bed  IX. — Old  Washington  Mine. 


Black,  minutely  speckled  with  grayish-white  ; glittering. 

A compact,  hard,  tough,  coarse  rock,  with  a feebly  schistose 
structure  in  the  hand  specimen,  which  consists  of  about  7 parts  of 
black  Amphibole,  with  greenish-gray  streak,  in  fibrous  shining 
plates,  Jg-  to  inch  in  diameter, — of  2 parts  of  greenish-gray 
Feldspar,  and  perhaps  nearly  1 part  of  grayish-white  Quartz. 
Blackish-green  scales  (of  Chlorite  ?)  are  abundantly  associated  with 
the  facets  of  Amphibole  and  denote  their  partial  alteration. 

Fracture  uneven.  A few  fissures  occur,  stained  grayish-black. 
A small  segregated  vein  lines  the  side  of  the  specimen,  consisting 
of  crystals  of  Amphibole  and  grayish-white  Quartz,  with  cleavable 
crystalline  masses  of  grayish  and  reddish- white  Feldspar. 

Weathers  very  unevenly  and  roughly,  to  a reddish-brown  (the 
projecting  Amphibole),  speckled  with  reddish-white. 


No.  272  (Sp.  946). — Chloritic  Hornblende- Schist. 


Laurentian. — From  State  Road  L’Anse  to  Champion,  T.  49 — R.  33  and  S.  E. 

Blackish-green  and  shining,  minutely  mottled  with  yellowish- 
green,  with  a few  spots  and  streaks  of  reddish-white. 

A rather  hard,  compact,  tough,  fine-grained,  slightly  calcareous 
schist,  chiefly  made  up  of  a softened  blackish-green  Amphibole, 
with  light  greenish-gray  streak,  sometimes  in  tiny  fibrous  facets 
which  produce  a granular  texture,  but  usually  in  soft  glistening  and 
slightly  fibrous  films  (Chlorite  ?),  which  give  the  rock  a scaly  lami- 
nation in  many  irregular  planes,  the  filmy  scales  enveloping  the 
granular  masses  in  all  directions.  The  interstices  between  the  films 
are  occupied  by  massive  yellowish-green  Epidote,  which  also  occurs 
in  tiny  bunches  and  thin  scales.  Grayish-white  Feldspar  and  gray- 
ish and  reddish-white  Quartz  are  also  disseminated  in  particles 
through  the  rock,  and  gathered  in  bunches  and  veins,  sometimes  ]/2 
inch  thick. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish-white.  Effervesces  very 
feebly  in  acid. 


APPENDIX  A. 


141 

Weathers  unevenly,  to  a brownish-gray,  mottled  with  yellowish- 
green. 


No.  273  (Sp.  948).  — Chloritic  Hornblende-Schist . 

Laurentian. — From  State  Road  L’Anse  to  Champion,  T.  49 — R.  33  and  S.  E. 

Blackish-green  and  glittering,  sometimes  with  grayish-white 
specks. 

A tough,  compact,  rather  hard,  uniform,  finely-crystalline, 
slightly  calcareous  schist,  chiefly  made  up  of  tiny,  irregular, 
fibrous  facets  of  altered  Amphibole,  harder  than  those  of  No.  272, 
giving  a greenish-white  streak.  A few  films  also  occur,  whose  ap- 
proximately parallel  arrangement  imparts  to  the  rock  a faintly  dis- 
tinguishable schistose  structure.  Grayish-white  and  smoky-gray 
Quartz  and  white  Feldspar  are  disseminated,  in  particles  rarely  dis- 
tinguishable without  a lens,  but  sometimes  appearing  as  whitish 
specks  on  the  dark-green  ground.  A vein  of  a coarse  aggregation 
of  these  two  minerals  occurs,  about  inch  thick,  the  facets  of 
Feldspar  being  sometimes  inch  across. 

Fracture  uneven.  Effervesces  feebly  in  acid. 

Weathers  evenly,  but  with  a slightly  pitted  surface,  to  a blackish- 
green,  mottled  with  light-brown. 


No.  274  (Sp.  950). — Chloritic  Hornblende-Schist . 

Laurentian. — From  State  Road  L’Anse  to  Champion,  T.  49 — R.  33  and  S,  E. 

Dark  grayish-green,  with  glistening  spots  ; shining  on  planes  of 
lamination. 

A coarsely  crystalline,  tough,  soft,  homogeneous,  slightly  cal- 
careous schist,  which  resembles  No.  272  in  color  and  general  struc- 
ture. Appears  to  the  eye  and  to  the  lens  to  be  entirely  made  up 
of  large  fibrous  facets  of  softened  Amphibole,  with  greenish-gray 
streak,  which  are  conspicuous  on  the  cross-fracture,  together  with 
more  or  less  Chlorite  in  minute  scales.  Their  frequent  parallel 
arrangement  produces  a decidedly  schistose  structure. 

Fracture  uneven. 

Weathers  quite  unevenly  and  roughly  to  a dirty  greenish-brown. 


142 


APPENDIX  A. 


No.  275  (Sp.  1393). — Greenish  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

Laurentian. — N.  of  N.  W.  £ of  Sect.  14 — T.  47 — R.  43. 

Greenish-gray,  with  reddish-white  and  glittering  blackish-green 
spots. 

A rather  coarse,  compact,  tough,  hard,  uniform,  feldspathic 
rock,  with  very  little  evidence  of  schistose  structure  in  the  hand 
specimen.  It  consists  of  about  3 parts  of  greenish-white  Quartz — 
1 part  of  greenish-black  to  black  Chlorite,  in  tiny  glistening  soft 
scales,  with  greenish-gray  streak — 3 parts  of  reddish-white  Feldspar, 
in  crystalline  facets,  often  y inch  across — and  3 parts  of  a greenish- 
gray,  finely  granular,  crystalline,  apparently  feldspathic  mineral, 
with  slightly  greenish-white  streak,  in  undefined  masses,  about  y 
inch  across. 

Fracture  uneven.  A few  irregular  minute  seams  of  reddish- 
brown  Ochre. 

Weathering  uneven,  with  a surface  of  dirty  gray,  but  imparts  a 
deep  reddish-brown  color  to  the  depth  of  about  y inch. 


No.  276  (Sp.  867). — Chloritic  Gneiss. 

Laurentian. — Mouth  of  Dead  River,  near  Marquette. 

Greenish-gray,  with  specks  of  smoky-gray,  black,  and  reddish- 
white,  and  occasionally  small  rusty  reddish-brown  spots. 

A very  compact,  tough,  rather  hard,  uniform,  Chloritic  Gneiss 
The  Feldspar  is  grayish-white,  often  greenish-white,  reddish-white, 
or  light  brownish-red,  often  minutely  striated,  with  white  or  reddish- 
white  streak,  in  tiny  massive  grains,  and  constitutes  about  4 parts 
of  the  rock.  The  Quartz  is  smoky-gray,  with  a lighter  or  deeper 
blackish  tint,  in  tiny  grains  uniformly  distributed,  and  amounts  to 
about  4 parts.  The  Chlorite  constitutes  about  2 parts  of  the  rock 
being  uniformly  distributed  in  soft  minute  particles  or  scales  of 
blackish-green,  in  a somewhat  parallel  arrangement,  and  is  some- 
times mixed  with  a few  glistening,  silvery-gray,  micaceous  scales. 
Many  large  irregular  seams  occur,  covered  with  a film  of  Chlorite. 

Fracture  rather  uneven. 

Weathers  to  a rusty  reddish-brown  color,  evenly,  but  with  many 
grains  of  Quartz  projecting. 


APPENDIX  A. 


143 


No.  2 77  (Sp.  870). — Epidotic  Chloritic  Gneiss . 

Laurentian. — Mouth  of  Dead  River,  near  Marquette. 

Resembles  No.  276,  contains  however  very  little  Chlorite,  arranged 
in  thin  parallel  scales,  and  nearly  a quarter  of  the  bulk  of  the  rock 
consists  of  light  yellowish-green,  translucent  Epidote,  with  greenish- 
white  streak,  in  tiny  masses  uniformly  distributed.  Also  broad 
seams  occur  covered  with  films  of  Epidote  of  a deeper  green. 

Weathered  surface  rather  reddish,  with  tiny,  specks  of  yellowish- 
white. 


Note. — The  following  rock  occurs  as  a narrow  vein  in  Chloritic  Gneiss  : 

(Sp.  874.) — Epidotic  Greenstone . 

Blackish-green,  minutely  speckled  with  greenish-gray  ; glittering. 

A compact,  tough,  homogeneous  rock,  of  medium  hardness  and 
very  fine  texture,  which  appears  under  the  lens  to  consist  of  about 
4 parts  of  grayish  and  reddish-white  Feldspar,  in  tiny  facets, 
with  good  cleavage  and  lustre — of  3 parts  of  minute  scales  of 
blackish-green  and  greenish-white  Chlorite — and  of  3 parts  of 
crystalline  grains  of  yellowish-green  translucent  Epidote.  Pyrite 
is  also  disseminated  in  pale  yellow  particles.  A few  tiny  bunches 
of  grayish-white  and  flesh-red  Feldspar  are  disseminated,  and 
much  yellow  Pyrite,  in  minute  particles,  is  disclosed  on  a pol- 
ished section. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  greenish-white. 

Weathers  evenly  to  a yellowish-green,  mottled  by  flesh-red  and 
minutely  speckled  with  dark-green — the  surface  being  roughened 
by  the  removal  of  the  Chlorite.  The  weathering  is  about  inch 
deep,  its  section  being  greenish-white,  shading  inwardly  to  grayish- 
green. 


No.  278  (Sp.  938). — Chloritic  Gneiss . 

Laurentian. — N.  E.  side  of  Sect.  16 — T.  49 — R.  33. 

Dark  grayish-green  and  glittering,  with  tiny  grayish-white  specks 
arranged  in  parallel  lines. 

A rather  soft,  compact,  tough,  fine-grained,  uniform,  calcareous 


144 


APPENDIX  A. 


schist,  made  up  of  tiny  particles,  rarely  Jg-  inch  across,  of  an  aggre- 
gate of  about  2 parts  of  grayish-white  and  smoky-gray  glassy  Quartz, 
— 4 parts  of  grayish-white  Feldspar,  in  facets  often  minutely 
striated — and  4 parts  of  a dark  grayish-green  mineral,  with  light 
greenish-gray  streak,  which  appears  under  the  lens  to  consist  of  ex- 
ceedingly minute  glittering  scales.  The  last  mineral,  which  may  be 
altered  Amphibole,  is  disseminated  in  thin  seams  or  lenticular  flakes, 
with  a parallel  arrangement  which  produces  a schistose  structure. 
A little  Pyrite  is  disseminated  in  minute  golden-yellow  crystals  and 
irregular  particles.  A few  thin  seams  or  films  of  grayish-  or  brown- 
ish-white Calcite  cross  the  layers  obliquely.  Effervesces  with  acid. 

Fracture  rather  uneven. 

Weathers  evenly  but  roughly,  to  a dirty-brown  color,  mottled 
with  dark-green,  some  surfaces  being  covered  with  tiny  pits  and 
others  roughened  by  the  irregular  weathering  of  certain  scales. 


No.  279  (Sp.  941). — Red  Chloritic  Gneiss. 


Laurentian. — N.  E.  side  of  Sect.  16 — T.  49 — R.  33. 


Brownish-red,  minutely  speckled  with  grayish- white,  mottled  and 
streaked  with  olive-green  ; dull. 

An  exceedingly  hard,  compact,  tough,  calcareous  Chloritic  Gneiss, 
with  a peculiar  fibrous  structure,  composed  of  about  7 parts  of 
brownish-red  Feldspar,  minutely  crystalline,  almost  impalpable  in 
texture — 1 part  of  grayish- white  Quartz  in  particles  which  can  be 
barely  distinguished,  even  by  the  lens — -and  about  2 parts  of  soft 
olive-green  Chlorite,  irregularly  distributed  in  certain  seams,  or 
concentrated  in  certain  thin  layers,  perhaps  an  inch  apart,  approx- 
imately parallel.  The  Chlorite  also  has  a minutely  fibrous  struc- 
ture, so  as  to  impart  the  same  to  the  rock.  Silvery-gray  Mica  is 
also  associated,  in  exceedingly  minute  scales,  with  the  chloritic 
layers,  rendering  their  surface  glistening.  Many  transverse  seams 
or  films  of  Calcite  occur. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  reddish  and  greenish  white.  One 
weathered  seam  has  a greenish-brown  color,  inclining  to  citrine, 
some  of  the  projecting  layers  of  Feldspar  being  polished.  Effer- 
vesces very  feebly  with  acid. 


APPENDIX  A. 


145 


Weathers  unevenly,  of  a light  flesh-red  color,  streaked  with 
greenish-gray. 

No.  280  (Sp.  942). — Red  Chloritic  Gneiss. 


Laurentian. — N.  E.  side  of  Sect.  16 — T.  49 — R.  33. 


Bright  brownish-red,  inclining  to  orange,  slightly  speckled  with 
grayish-white  ; glistening. 

Resembles  No.  279,  but  is  a very  coarse  aggregate  of  crystalline 
Feldspar,  with  ill-defined  glistening  facets,  y to  y2  inch  across,  and 
of  grayish-white  Quartz,  distributed  in  minute  or  tiny  bunches, 
sometimes  inch,  rarely  y inch  across  ; olive-green  Chlorite  is 
also  disseminated  in  small  quantity,  in  tiny  bunches  and  films  of  a 
fine-grained  aggregate  of  minute  glittering  scales. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  reddish- white. 

Weathers  smoothly  to  a dirty  reddish-brown,  mottled  with  iron- 
black. 


No.  281  (Sp.  951)- — Porphyritic  Chloritic  Gneiss. 


Laurentian. — From  State  Road  L’Anse  to  Champion,  T.  49 — R.  33. 


Reddish-gray,  mottled  with  greenish-black. 

A compact,  hard,  tough,  coarse  Porphyry,  in  which  a schistose 
structure  is  produced  by  the  parallel  arrangement  of  the  Feldspar 
crystals.  The  latter  constitute  about  3 parts  of  the  rock,  are  usually 
^ to  1 inch  long,  by  y inch  wide,  and  consist  of  grayish-white, 
passing  into  softer  reddish-white,  Feldspar.  The  Quartz  amounts 
to  less  than  3 parts  of  the  rock  and  occurs  in  small  inconspicuous 
masses.  The  Mica  amounts  to  over  3 parts  of  the  rock,  is  of  the 
same  decomposed  variety  as  in  No.  258,  and  occurs  in  tiny  bunches 
and  seams  of  rather  larger  scales,  often  inch  in  diameter.  Much 
yellowish-green  Epidote,  in  tiny  crystals  and  crystalline  masses  just 
visible  to  the  eye,  is  disseminated  throughout,  in  association  with 
the  Mica. 

Fracture  somewhat  uneven. 

Weathered  surface  of  a grayish-white  color,  even  and  very  rough 
— being  deeply  pitted  by  the  removal  of  the  bunches  of  Mica  and  a 

slight  projection  of  the  larger  Feldspar  crystals. 

10 


146 


APPENDIX  A. 


Another  variety  (Sp.  953)  is  of  a light  brownish-red  color,  with 
the  Mica  flakes  arranged  in  greenish-black  parallel  streaks ; 
weathered  surface  reddish-white  and  even. 


No.  282  (Sp.  952). — Greenish  Chloritic  Gneiss. 


Laurentian. — From  State  Road  L’Anse  to  Champion,  T.  49 — R.  33. 

Grayish-green,  with  minute  reddish-white,,  slightly  glittering 
specks. 

A hard,  compact,  tough,  fine-grained,  uniform,  calcareous  Gneiss, 
composed  of  grains,  never  over  ^ inch  in  diameter,  of  the  follow- 
ing 

a.  About  5 parts  of  the  rock,  of  reddish-white,  often  grayish- 
white,  and  smoky-gray  Feldspar,  minutely  striated. 

b.  About  3 parts  of  the  rock,  of  grayish-white  Quartz,  and 

c.  Minute  soft  olive-green  scales  of  Chlorite,  hardly  distinguish- 
able by  the  lens,  whose  frequently  parallel  arrangement  produces 
the  faintly-marked  schistose  structure.  Small  bunches  occur  of  a 
coarse  crystalline  aggregate  of  the  Feldspar  and  Quartz,  in  facets, 
■jtg  to  -J  inch  across,  with  a few  minute  particles  of  yellow  Pyrite. 

Fracture  rather  uneven.  Streak  greenish-white.  Effervesces 
decidedly  in  acid.  A few  seams,  covered  with  a film  of  the  Chlo- 
rite, which  appears  under  the  lens  to  consist  largely  of  minute  glis- 
tening scales. 

Weathers  nearly  y2  inch  deep,  with  an  even  surface,  of  grayish- 
white  color,  with  a slight  reddish  tinge,  the  particles  of  Chlorite 
being  more  distinct  on  this  lighter  ground  than  on  the  fresh  fracture. 


No.  283  (Sp.  955). — Coarse  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

Laurentian. — From  State  Road  L’Anse  to  Champion,  T.  49 — R.  33. 

Grayish-white,  mottled  with  light  brownish-red  ; glistening. 

A coarse,  hard  Gneiss,  composed  of  the  same  materials  as  No. 
258,  viz.: 

a.  About  6 parts  of  grayish-white  crystalline  Feldspar,  partially 
decomposed  into  light  brownish-red,  in  facets  y to  inch  across. 


APPENDIX  A. 


147 


b.  About  4 parts  of  grayish-white  and  smoky-gray  glassy  Quartz, 
in  masses  ^ to  inch  across,  but  partially  in  tiny,  flat,  thin, 
lenticular,  parallel  masses.  A blackish-green  soft  altered  Mica  or 
Chlorite,  in  minute  glistening  scales,  with  greenish-gray  streak,  is 
distributed  throughout  in  small  quantity,  in  parallel  thin  lenticular 
masses,  to  I inch  long. 

Fracture  uneven.  A few  fissures,  stained  reddish-brown. 

Weathers  rather  evenly,  to  a white  or  reddish-white,  mottled 
with  smoky  gray. 


No.  284  (Sp.  956). — Fine-grained  Chloritic  Gneiss . 

Laurentian. — From  State  Road  L’Anse  to  Champion,  T.  49 — R.  33. 

Grayish-green  ; glittering. 

A hard,  tough,  homogeneous,  and  very  fine-grained,  calcareous 
rock,  made  up  of  the  same  materials  as  No.  282,  with  the  addition 
of  minute  scales  of  softened  brown  Mica.  The  scales  of  Chlorite 
help  to  produce  the  minutely  glittering  appearance,  and  the  Feld- 
spar occurs  in  thin  flat  crystals,  which  appear  in  section  as  exceed- 
ingly minute  glistening  lines,  to  J inch  long.  A few  yellow 
particles  of  Pyrite  can  be  distinguished  by  the  lens.  The  hand 
specimen  does  not  reveal  a schistose  structure.  A few  thin  seams 
occur,  which  are  somewhat  parallel  and  occupied  by  films  of  gray- 
ish-white Calcite. 

Fracture  sub-conchoidal.  Streak  grayish-white.  Effervesces 
decidedly  in  acid.  Fuses  at  5 to  a black  glass. 

By  weathering,  the  color  becomes  a dirty  greenish-gray,  the  edges 
are  rounded,  and  the  surface  is  covered  with  shallow  cavities, 
slightly  roughened  by  projecting  particles  of  Feldspar  and  the  edges 
of  the  Calcite-seams.  Apparently  a fine-grained  variety  of  No.  282, 
in  which  no  schistose  structure  can  be  distinguished  in  the  hand 
specimen. 


No.  285  (Sp.  1128). — White  Chloritic  Gneiss . 

Laurentian. — Champion  Mine. 

Grayish-white,  speckled  with  bluish  and  reddish-white ; shin- 
ing. 


148 


APPENDIX  A . 


A compact,  hard,  brittle,  coarse  rock,  which  is  made  up  of  about 
equal  parts  of  a grayish  to  bluish- white  Feldspar,  with  good  lustre 
and  cleavage,  and  white  streak,  in  facets  y1^  to  inch  across,  and 
of  grayish  to  reddish-white  and  smoky  Quartz,  in  tiny  granules, 
which  surround  the  grains  of  Feldspar,  with  a small  quantity  (much 
less  than  one-tenth)  of  a soft  altered  grayish-green  Mica  (Chlorite  ?), 
with  greenish-gray  streak,  in  tiny  films,  rarely  over  y^  inch  in 
length,  made  up  of  minute  scales.  The  latter  are  irregular  and 
sparsely  distributed,  and  their  slight  predominance  in  one  layer  in 
the  specimen  faintly  suggests  a gneissoid  structure. 

Fracture  uneven. 

Weathers  rather  evenly  and  smoothly,  to  the  depth  of  inch,  to 
a dull  grayish-white,  speckled  with  dirty  blackish-green. 


No.  286  (S.  1367). — Fine-grained  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

Laurentian. — S.  W.  part  T.  47 — R.  42,  W.  of  Lake  Gogebic. 


Greenish-gray,  minutely  speckled  with  reddish-white. 

A tough,  compact,  fine-grained  Gneiss,  consisting  of  Feldspar, 
Quartz,  and  Chlorite.  No  traces  of  stratification  can  be  distin- 
guished in  the  hand  specimen.  The  Feldspar  constitutes  about  4 
parts  of  the  rock,  and  consists  of  minute  granules  of  reddish-white 
or  brownish-red  color.  The  Quartz  occurs  in  about  equal  quantity, 
in  similar  particles  of  a smoky-gray  and  grayish-white  color.  The 
Chlorite  occurs  in  minute,  soft,  olive-green  scales.  Small  bunches 
occur  of  coarse  aggregations  of  these  materials,  the  Chlorite  trav- 
ersing them  in  thin  layers. 

Fracture  almost  even.  Streak  greenish-white.  A few  fissures 
stained  reddish-brown. 

Weathers  smoothly,  to  a dirty  reddish-brown. 


No.  287  (Sp.  1375). — Banded  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

Laurentian.  — N.  E.  % of  S.  W.  £ of  Sect.  33— T.  47 — R.  42. 

Greenish-black,  with  minute  specks  and  narrow  bands  of  brown- 
ish-gray ; glittering. 


APPENDIX  A 


149 


A compact,  tough,  hard,  fine-grained,  Chloritic  Gneiss,  made  up 
of  regular  layers,  which  vary  in  thickness  from  a film  up  to  y inch, 
and  in  color  in  proportion  to  the  amount  of  Chlorite  in  each 
layer.  The  Feldspar  and  Quartz  resemble  those  of  No.  269  (Sp. 

1 363),  ingrains  rarely  y&  inch  in  diameter.  The  Chlorite  consists 
of  soft  greenish-black  scales,  like  those  of  No.  269,  but  never  as 
large  even  as  inch  across.  Several  of  the  layers  contain  Pyrite 
in  golden-yellow  particles. 

Fracture  sub-conchoidal,  but  rough.  Streak  greenish  and 
grayish-white. 

Weathered  surface  even,  and  of  a greenish-black  color,  with 
brownish  tinge. 

No.  288  (Sp.  1377). — Chloritic  Gneiss . 

Laurentian. — W.  of  Lake  Gogebic,  S.  part  of  T.  47 — R.  42. 

Grayish-white,  with  blackish-green  and  white  specks ; slightly 
shining. 

A compact,  tough,  hard,  fine-grained  Chloritic  Gneiss,  with  its 
constituents  uniformly  distributed.  The  Feldspar  constitutes  about 
6 parts  of  the  rock,  and  differs  slightly  from  the  ordinary  form, 
presenting  a dead  white  appearance,  slightly  inclined  to  milky- 
white,  often  minutely  striated,  and  occurs  in  tiny  crystalline  grains 
or  perfect  crystals,  rarely  exceeding  inch  in  diameter,  but  in  one 
case  y2  inch  long.  The  Quartz  occurs  in  tiny  grains  of  smoky- 
gray,  constituting  3 parts  of  the  rock.  The  Chlorite  occurs  in  mi- 
nute scales,  with  almost  as  high  lustre  as  those  of  No.  287.  One 
layer  occurs,  chiefly  feldspathic,  and  traversed  by  innumerably 
minute  transverse  films  of  a yellowish-green  Epidote. 

Fracture  uneven. 

Weathering  even,  but  rough,  and  a reddish-white  color,  with 
white  specks. 

No.  289  (Sp.  1378). — White  Chloritic  Gneiss . 

Laurentian. — In  brook  N.  E.  corner  of  Sect.  22 — T.  46 — R.  42. 

Grayish-white,  inclining  to  smoky,  and  with  minute  dark-green 
specks  ; glittering. 


i5o 


APPENDIX  A. 


A compact,  hard,  tough,  rather  fine-grained,  uniform,  white 
Chloritic  Gneiss,  composed  of  Quartz  and  Feldspar.  The  Feldspar 
is  grayish-white,  with  a smoky  tinge,  gives  a white  streak,  and 
occurs  coarsely  crystallized  ; so  that  the  section  is  covered  with  glit- 
tering facets,  often  minutely  striated,  about  y1-^  inch  across.  The 
Quartz  occurs  in  about  equal  quantity,  grayish-white  in  color,  and 
in  tiny  masses  uniformly  distributed  among  the  Feldspar.  The 
micaceous  scales  are  of  two  kinds  : the  one  greenish-black,  soft, 
glistening,  fissile,  and  with  greenish-gray  streak — the  other  black- 
ish-green, still  softer,  dull,  particles  of  Chlorite,  with  greenish-white 
streak  ; the  latter  are  the  more  abundant. 

Fracture  even. 

Weathering  smooth,  and  of  a dirty  olive-green,  minutely  speckled 
with  black,  and  stains  the  rock  with  a light  reddish-brown  to  the 
depth  of  to  y inch. 


No.  290  (Sp.  1381). — Banded  Chloritic  Gneiss. 


Laurentian. — Near  N.  W.  \ of  Sect.  29 — T.  47 — R.  42. 

Olive-green,  faintly  banded  with  light  flesh-red  ; slightly  shin- 
ing. 

A hard,  compact,  tough,  fine-grained,  Chloritic  Gneiss,  made  up 
of  regular  layers,  faintly  visible  on  a section,  from  a film  up 
to  y inch  in  thickness.  The  Feldspar  constitutes  about  6 parts  of 
the  rock,  and  consists  of  flesh-red  and  reddish-white  minute  crys- 
talline grains,  very  rarely  exceeding  inch  in  diameter ; its  pre- 
dominance in  certain  layers  imparts  to  them  their  reddish  tint. 
The  Chlorite  is  disseminated  in  thin  films,  mostly  parallel,  soft, 
olive-green,  and  slightly  shining,  because  made  up  of  very  minute 
greenish-black,  glistening  scales,  which  can  just  be  distinguished  by 
the  lens.  Its  predominance  in  films  and  layers  produces  the  olive- 
green  bands.  Smoky-gray  Quartz  occurs  in  a very  few  minute 
grains,  and  a little  yellowish-green  crystalline  Epidote  in  grains 
sometimes  y inch  long.  A little  Pyrite  is  disseminated  in  minute 
golden-yellow  particles. 

Fracture  uneven. 

Weathers  rather  evenly,  and  without  change  of  color. 


APPENDIX  A. 


151 

Specimen  1383  is  a layer  from  1381,  in  which  the  proportion  of 
the  constituents  is  about  5 parts  of  Feldspar,  3 parts  of  Quartz, 
and  2 parts  of  Epidote,  with  only  a very  few  scattered  scales  of 
Chlorite. 

No.  291  (Sp.  1391). — Decomposed  Chloritic  Gneiss. 


Laurentian. — N.  £ of  N.  W.  £ of  Sect.  14 — T.  47 — R.  43. 

Reddish-white  and  shining,  with  faint  short  lines  of  blackish- 
green  and  brownish-yellow. 

A very  hard,  tough,  compact,  fine-grained,  Chloritic  Gneiss, 
made  up  chiefly  of  about  equal  quantities  of  reddish  and  grayish- 
white  Feldspar,  in  tiny  crystalline  grains,  often  minutely  striated, 
and  of  grayish- white  and  smoky-gray  Quartz,  with  a very  small 
amount  of  Chlorite,  uniformly  distributed  in  tiny  parallel  glistening 
blackish-green  scales.  Many  of  these  have  been  decomposed,  and 
their  places  are  occupied  by  a brownish-yellow  Ochre.  Irregular 
seams  occur,  covered  with  soft  bright  brownish-yellow  and  reddish- 
brown  Ochre. 

Fracture  almost  even. 

Weathers  smoothly,  to  a dirty  greenish-brown. 


No.  292  (Sp.  1392). — Decomposed  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

Laurentian. — N.  £ of  N.  W.  £ of  Sect.  14 — T.  47 — R.  43. 

Light  flesh-red,  mottled  with  reddish-brown  and  brownish- 
yellow. 

A very  hard,  compact,  tough,  ochrey  rock,  made  up  of  Feldspar 
and  Quartz,  like  those  of  No.  291,  the  former  predominating. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  white.  It  is  traversed  by  many  irreg- 
ular fissures,  by  some  of  which  a schistose  structure  is  produced, 
and  which  are  covered  with  soft  films  and  folia  of  reddish-brown 
and  brownish-yellow  Ochre. 

This  is  a variety  of  No.  291,  in  which  the  original  Chlorite  is 
entirely  decomposed — the  last  stage  in  the  decomposition  of  the 
Chlorite  in  a Chloritic  Gneiss. 


152 


APPENDIX  A. 


No.  293  (Sp.  1398). — Banded  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

Laurentian. — N.  W.  corner  of  Sect.  29 — T.  47 — R.  42. 

Apparently  identical  with  No.  287,  except  in  a lighter  shade  of 
green,  and  in  the  absence  of  Pyrite.  (Hand  specimen  too  small 
for  any  further  distinctions.) 

Specimen  1399  is  lighter  in  color,  the  altered  Mica  constituting 
less  than  y of  the  rock,  and  arranged  in  irregular  but  parallel  thin 
seams,  by  which  the  section  is  covered  with  thin  dark-green  streaks, 
to  y inch  apart. 


No.  294  (Sp.  1400). — Red  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

Laurentian. — Near  centre  of  N.  W.  £ of  Sect.  29 — T.  47 — R.  42. 

Brownish-red,  streaked  and  speckled  with  smoky-gray,  with 
broad  flat  surfaces  speckled  with  blackish-green. 

A compact,  hard,  tough,  coarse  Gneiss,  with  many  seams,  y to 
y2  inch  apart,  which  produce  a decidedly  schistose  structure.  The 
Feldspar  amounts  to  about  6 parts  and  is  brownish-red,  with  red- 
dish-white streak,  and  coarsely  crystalline — the  depth  of  its  color 
being  probably  due  to  weathering.  The  Quartz  amounts  to  about 
3 parts,  and  is  smoky-gray,  and  disseminated  in  bunches  and  seams, 
often  y inch  thick.  The  seams  are  covered  with  thin  films  and 
tiny  bunches  of  grayish-white  Calcite  and  soft  blackish-green 
Chlorite,  with  greenish-white  streak,  usually  intermingled  in  the 
bunches.  A few  tiny  geodes  of  Quartz  crystals  occur. 

Fracture  uneven. 

Weathers  smoothly  and  without  change  of  color. 


No.  295  (Sp.  1402). — Chloritic  Gneiss. 

Laurentian. — Near  centre  of  N.  W.  £ of  Sect.  29—  T.  47 — R.  42. 

Grayish-  and  blackish-green,  speckled  and  mottled  with  reddish 
and  grayish-white. 

A hard,  compact,  tough,  Chloritic  Gneiss,  of  medium  texture. 
It  consists  of  about  6 parts  of  crystalline  Feldspar,  in  tiny  facets, 
rarely  inch  across,  of  a reddish  and  grayish-white  and  greenish- 


APPENDIX  A. 


153 


gray  color,  of  3 parts  of  grayish-white  and  smoky-gray  Quartz,  and 
1 part  of  soft  blackish-green  or  bright  grayish-green  scales  of 
Chlorite,  with  greenish-gray  streak.  The  latter  has  a parallel 
arrangement  which  produces  the  schistose  structure  ; and  it  is  also 
somewhat  irregularly  disposed,  so  that  small  bunches  and  streaks 
in  the  rock  are  colored  reddish-white  by  the  predominance  of  the 
Feldspar. 

Fracture  uneven. 

Weathers  to  the  depth  of  about  ^ inch,  with  an  uneven  surface 
of  a dirty  cream  color  or  reddish-white,  with  tiny  crystalline  grains 
of  Feldspar  projecting. 


No.  296  (Sp.  1546). — White  Chloritic  Gneiss. 


Laurentian. — From  trail  running  N.  Easterly  from  Ontonagon  River  in  T.  46 — R.  41. 


Grayish-white,  speckled  with  reddish-white  and  black. 

A compact,  tough,  fine-grained,  Chloritic  Gneiss.  The  Feldspar 
constitutes  about  6 parts  of  the  bulk  of  the  rock,  and  consists  of 
tiny  masses,  rarely  3^  inch  across,  of  grayish-white  color,  passing 
into  reddish-white,  and  sometimes  minutely  striated.  The  Quartz 
is  smoky-gray,  and  amounts  to  nearly  4 parts  of  the  rock.  The 
Chlorite  is  disseminated  in  minute  soft  olive-green  scales,  with  some- 
what parallel  arrangement,  and  does  not  amount  to  1 part  of  the 
rock.  A few  crystals  of  yellowish-green  Epidote  occur. 

Fracture  even. 

Weathers  rather  evenly,  to  a gray  color,  dotted  with  white  crys- 
tals of  Feldspar. 

Another  variety,  1547,  is  a reddish-white  Chloritic  Gneiss,  of 
still  finer  grain,  and  the  weathered  surface  is  of  a reddish-white, 
speckled  with  white  ; contains  no  Epidote. 


No.  297  (Sp.  940). — Talcy  Chloritic  Gneiss. 

Laurentian. — N.  side  of  Sect.  16 — T.  49 — R.  33. 

Resembles  No.  290  (Sp.  1381),  is  not  banded,  but  has  a more  deci- 
dedly and  uniformly  laminated  structure  from  the  arrangement  of 


154 


APPENDIX  A. 


the  Feldspar,  in  parallel  lenticular  flakes,  usually^  inch  thick  and 
to  inch  long.  Contains  no  Pyrite,  but  many  minute  reddish- 
brown  particles,  as  if  from  its  decomposition.  A little  grayish- 
white  Quartz  is  disseminated  throughout  in  tiny  granules,  not  easily 
distinguished  by  the  eye.  A little  Talc  seems  to  be  associated  with 
the  Chlorite  in  minute  greenish-gray  or  gray  glistening  scales. 


No.  298  (Sp.  944). — Talcy  Chloritic  Gneiss . 


Laurentian. — N.  side  of  Sect.  16 — T.  49 — R.  33. 


Light  brownish-red,  with  specks  and  streaks  of  greenish-gray, 
grayish-white,  and  smoky  gray  ; slightly  shining. 

A compact,  hard,  brittle,  uniform,  decidedly  schistose  Chloritic 
Gneiss,  made  up  of  about  4 parts  of  light  brownish-red  Feldspar,  in 
tiny  masses,  rarely  crystals,  to  inch  across,  of  about  3 parts 
of  grayish-white  and  smoky-gray  Quartz,  usually  in  still  smaller 
grains,  and  of  grayish-green  Chlorite,  with  greenish-gray  streak, 
and  of  greenish-gray  Talc,  with  grayish-white  streak,  in  greasy 
parallel  films,  which  consist  of  minute  glittering  scales.  The  Feld- 
spar grains  are  generally  separated  from  each  other  by  the  Quartz 
and  a somewhat  porphyritic  appearance  is  produced  on  a small 
scale. 

Fracture  uneven. 

Weathers  evenly,  unchanged  in  color. 


No.  299  (Sp.  945). — 7 alcy  Chloritic  Gneiss. 


Laurentian. — N.  side  of  Sect.  16 — T.  49 — R.  33. 


Resembles  No.  298  in  general  character,  but  is  coarser.  The 
Talc  is  present  in  much  smaller  quantity  ; the  Feldspar  predomi- 
nates, occurring  in  crystalline  masses,  sometimes  y2  inch  across,  and 
the  Quartz  occurs  in  parallel,  irregular,  lenticular  flakes.  A seam 
occurs,  stained  reddish-brown. 

Streak  of  the  greenish  films,  sometimes  greenish-gray,  but  gener- 
ally greenish-white. 


APPENDIX  A . 


155 


No.  300  (Sp.  1389). — Broivnish-gray  Mica-Slate. 

Laurentian. — N.  part  of  N.  W.  £ of  S.  22 — T.  46 — R.  42. 

Like  No.  214,  but  the  parallel  films  of  brownish-gray  Mica  so 
predominate  as  to  convert  the  rock  into  a Mica-Slate. 

Effervesces  decidedly  in  acid.  Fuses  before  the  blowpipe  at 
4.5,  to  a black  glass. 

Weathers  rather  evenly  to  a brownish-gray — the  cleavage  surfaces 
within  being  stained  brown,  often  to  the  depth  of  an  inch  or  more. 
A transition  rock  from  Feldspathic  Argillyte  into  Mica-Slate. 


No.  301  (See  No.  61,  Appendix  B). — Staurolitiferous  Mica-Schist. 


Huronian. — Formation  XIX. — Island  in  Michigamme  Lake. 


Brownish-black,  minutely  streaked  with  brownish-gray  ; glisten- 
ing. 

A rather  hard,  compact,  fine-grained  Mica-Schist,  of  a finely 
fibrous  and  somewhat  nodular  structure.  It  is  made  up  of  about  6 
parts  of  grayish-white  Quartz,  in  minute  granules,  and  4 parts  of 
brown,  blackish-brown,  and  black  Mica,  in  minute  narrow  bladed 
scales,  rarely  over  y1^  inch  in  length,  the  two  materials  being  uni- 
formly intermingled.  Crystals  of  Staurolite,  to  inch  long, 
and  sometimes  over  y^  inch  broad,  are  dispersed  through  the  rock, 
both  in  separate  blades  and  in  twins,  associated  with  irregular 
masses,  sometimes  ^ inch  across,  of  a brownish-yellow  mineral ; 
the  bending  of  the  micaceous  laminae  around  these  minerals,  some- 
times in  broad  continuous  films,  and  in  separate  scales,  y1^-  inch 
across,  produces  the  nodular  structure. 

Fracture  hackly.  Streak  white. 

Weathers  to  a reddish-brown. 


No.  302  (Sp.  743)* — Altered  Porphyritic  Dioryte. 

Huronian. — Sect.  3 — T.  47 — R.  30.  South  of  Lake  Michigamme. 

Greenish-black  and  glittering,  speckled  with  greenish-gray  and 
reddish-white. 


156 


APPENDIX  A. 


A hard,  compact,  tough,  coarse  Dioryte.  The  hornblendic 
mineral  amounts  to  nearly  6 parts,  and  occurs  in  irregular  masses, 
scales,  and  long  thin  blades,  usually  to  -§•  inch  wide,  and  ^ to  ^ 
inch  long,  of  a high  lustre,  greenish-black  color,  sometimes  irides- 
cent, and  with  grayish-white  and  greenish-gray  streak.  These 
scales  and  blades  have  a feebly  marked  transverse  striation,  instead 
of  the  usual  longitudinally-fibrous  structure  of  Amphibole  ; and  a 
minute  dull  line  often  runs  down  the  middle  of  the  long  blade,  like 
the  midrib  of  a lanceolate  leaf.  Minute  films  of  a light-green  and 
of  a grayish-white  color  sometimes  cover  these  facets,  and  perhaps 
consist  of  Epidote  and  Calcite.  The  Feldspar  amounts  to  about  4 
parts,  is  generally  greenish-gray,  often  reddish-,  greenish-,  and 
yellowish-white,  gives  a grayish-white  streak,  has  generally  a very 
feebly  marked  cleavage  and  dull  lustre,  and  occurs  in  grains  to 
-J  inch  across.  A very  few  grains  of  smoky-gray  Quartz  and 
bronze-yellow  Pyrite  also  occur,  to  -§■  inch  across. 

Fracture  uneven.  Effervesces  but  very  slightly  in  acid.  Not 
magnetic.  Powder  greenish-white.  The  magnet  separates  5 per 
cent,  in  black  particles. 

Weathers  unevenly  to  a reddish-brown,  the  crystals  of  Amphibole 
projecting  and  unchanged  in  color. 


No.  303  (Sp.  1103). — Black  Dioryte. 


Huronian — Bed  VII.  or  IX. — Washington  Mine. 


Greenish-black  and  glistening. 

A hard,  compact,  very  tough,  and  rather  coarse  Dioryte,  which 
consists  of  about,  or  over,  5 parts  of  greenish-black  Amphibole,  in 
fibrous  facets,  -Jg-  to  ■§•  inch  long,  of  somewhat  micaceous  structure, 
greenish-gray  streak,  and  glistening  lustre — of  nearly  4 parts  of 
grayish-white  Feldspar,  in  crystalline  masses  with  very  feebly 
marked  cleavage — and  about  1 part  of  smoky  Quartz  (?),  yellow 
Pyrite,  scales  of  blackish-green  Chlorite,  and  particles  of  black 
Magnetite  : which  can  all  be  distinguished  by  the  lens,  especially 
on  the  weathered  surface. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  greenish-white.  Fissures  stained  red- 
dish-brown. 


APPENDIX  A. 


157 


Weathers  evenly  but  roughly,  to  a reddish- white  (Feldspar), 
speckled  with  blackish-green  (Amphibole).  The  flattened  shape  of 
the  specimen  and  a few  fissures  suggest  that  it  may  be  a Dioryte- 
Schist. 


No.  304  (Sp.  1244).  — Green  Dioryte . 


Huronian. — Grand  Portage,  Sect.  25 — T.  43 — R.  30. 

Greenish-gray,  minutely  speckled  with  greenish-white;  glitter- 
ing. 

A compact,  tough,  hard,  rather  fine-grained  rock,  consisting  of 
about  6 parts  of  grayish-green  fibrous  facets  of  Amphibole,  y1-^  to  \ 
inch  long — 3 parts  of  greenish-white  Feldspar,  in  crystalline  par- 
ticles without  cleavage — and  nearly  1 part  of  minute  yellow  par- 
ticles of  Pyrite. 

Fracture  uneven,  but  approaching  sub-conchoidal.  Streak  green- 
ish-white. 

Weathers  rather  evenly,  to  blackish-brown,  mottled  by  yellowish- 
brown  ; the  constituents  appear  to  weather  equally. 


No.  305  (Sp.  1246). — Green  Altered  Dioryte . 

Huronian. — miles  above  Paint  Portage. 

Dark  green,  speckled  with  brown  ; glittering. 

A hard,  compact,  tough,  minutely  porphyritic  Dioryte,  of  medium 
grain,  made  up  of  about  equal  bulks  of  blackish-green  Amphibole, 
in  slightly  fibrous  blades,  usually  from  to  inch,  sometimes  J 
inch  in  length — of  a brown  Feldspar  in  thin  plates  of  the  same  size, 
with  good  cleavage — and  of  a crystalline  light  green  paste,  which 
seems  to  be  made  up  of  minute  scales,  perhaps  of  Chlorite.  Much 
Pyrite  is  also  disseminated  in  bright  yellow  crystals  or  particles,  fa 
inch  across. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  greenish-gray.  A fissure  occurs,  cov- 
ered with  a film  of  brownish-white  Calcite. 

Weathers  rather  unevenly,  to  a yellowish-brown,  mottled  with 
reddish-brown. 


158  APPENDIX  A. 

No.  306  (Sp.  1409). — Black  Porphyritic  Dioryte  ( Micaceous ). 

Boulder  in  Sect.  18 — T.  47 — R.  45. 

Black,  with  reddish-white  specks  ; glittering. 

A very  compact,  hard,  tough,  coarse,  calcareous  Dioryte,  com- 
posed of  about  equal  parts  of  slightly  altered  black  Amphibole,  in 
fibrous  facets  about  Jti  inch  long,  with  greenish-gray  streak,  and  of 
reddish  or  grayish-white  Feldspar,  in  massive  grains,  rarely  over 
inch  across.  Mica  also  is  disseminated  in  brown  scales,  and 
yellow  Pyrite  in  unusual  quantity,  in  minute  particles  or  strings, 
often  crossing  the  facets  of  Amphibole. 

Fracture  rather  uneven.  Effervesces  decidedly  in  acid. 

Weathers  unevenly  to  a light  yellowish-gray,  speckled  with  black 
and  reddish-white.  Resembles  an  Amphibole-Gneiss  rather  than 
any  other  Dioryte,  on  account  of  the  slight  alteration  and  bright 
lustre  of  its  Amphibole,  but  I cannot  distinguish  any  Quartz. 


No.  307  (Sp.  1427). — Black  Dioryte . 

Huronian. — W.  line  of  Sect.  18 — T.  47 — R.  45. 

Black,  minutely  speckled  with  gray  ; decidedly  glittering. 

An  unaltered,  minutely  porphyritic  Dioryte,  resembling  No.  306, 
but  of  a fine  texture,  the  crystals  rarely  exceeding  -Jg-  inch  in 
length.  The  Feldspar  is  usually  grayish-white.  Pyrite  is  dissemi- 
nated in  minute  particles,  and  there  is  no  Mica  nor  Calcite. 

Fracture  sub-conchoidal.  Streak  grayish-white.  A thin  seam 
of  brownish-red  Feldspar  occurs.  Very  feebly  magnetic.  Powder 
ash-gray,  inclining  to  greenish  ; the  magnet  separates  7^  per  cent, 
by  weight  in  grayish-black  particles. 

Weathers  unevenly,  but  smoothly,  to  a brownish-red  enamel. 


No.  308  (Sp.  1432). — Altered  Porphyritic  Dioryte  ( Magnetic ). 

Copper  Trap. — Just  N.  of  S.  E.  corner  of  Sect.  7 — T.  47 — R.  44. 

Blackish-green,  with  greenish-gray  specks  ; decidedly  glittering. 
A very  hard,  compact,  heavy,  tough  rock,  of  medium  texture, 


APPENDIX  A. 


159 


made  up  of  about  6 parts  of  greenish-gray  and  grayish-white  trans- 
lucent Feldspar,  with  good  cleavage  and  high  lustre,  in  sharply 
crystallized  blades,  usually  yfa  inch,  some  inch,  in  length, — of 
3 parts  of  a blackish-green,  apparently  amorphous  mineral  (altered 
Amphibole) — and  nearly  I part  of  irregular  grains  of  black  Mag- 
netite. Much  Pyrite  is  disseminated  through  the  rock,  being  often 
enclosed  in  the  crystals  in  minute  bright  yellow  particles. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  greenish-white.  Many  irregular  fis- 
sures, stained  yellowish-brown.  Decidedly  magnetic,  and  polarity 
strongly  marked.  Powder  greenish-gray.  The  magnet  separates 
8 y2  per  cent,  by  weight,  in  blackish-gray  particles. 

Weathers  evenly  to  a light  chocolate-brown,  to  the  depth  of 
to  1 inch  ; on  the  surface  occurs  a tiny  geode  of  Quartz  crystals,  so 
that  the  whole  rock  may  be  quartzose. 


No.  309  (Sp.  1454). — Fine-grained  Gray  Dioryte . 

Laurentian. — S.  side  of  Sect.  16 — T.  47 — R.  45. 

Gray,  inclining  to  greenish,  minutely  speckled  with  gray ; glit- 
tering. 

Resembles  No.  256,  but  is  a little  finer-grained,  and  consists  of 
about  equal  parts  of  brownish  and  greenish-black  Amphibole,  and 
grayish-,  sometimes  yellowish-white  Feldspar,  both  with  good  cleav- 
age and  lustre.  A little  smoky  Quartz  may  also  be  present.  It 
contains  no  Mica  and  little  Pyrite.  Very  feebly  magnetic.  Powder 
ash-gray,  slightly  inclining  to  greenish  ; the  magnet  separates  2.8 
per  cent,  by  weight,  in  grayish-black  particles.  Many  fissures 
occur,  stained  blackish-brown. 

Weathers  evenly  but  roughly,  to  a dirty  reddish-brown,  to  the 
depth  of  s"  inch,  with  a section  of  the  same  color,  terminating 

in  a dark  brown  band. 


No.  310  (Sp.  1498). — Finegrained  Blackish-green  Dioryte. 

Huronian. — Sunday  Lake  Outlet. 

Blackish-green,  with  very  minute  gray  specks  ; glittering. 

A very  fine-grained,  compact,  hard,  tough,  homogeneous,  mi- 


i6o 


APPENDIX  A. 


nutely  porphyritic,  altered  Dioryte,  in  which  the  crystals  are  rarely 
-fa  inch  long.  Under  the  lens  it  appears  to  consist  of  about  6 parts 
of  fibrous  facets  and  needles  of  blackish-green  altered  Amphibole, 
and  4 parts  of  minute  plates  of  grayish-white  Feldspar,  with  many 
bright  yellow  particles  of  Pyrite  disseminated  throughout. 

Fracture  sub-conchoidal.  Streak  greenish-gray. 

Weathers  unevenly,  to  a reddish-brown  ; the  color  may  be  due 
to  disseminated  Chlorite. 

This  specimen  differs  to  the  eye  from  all  the  other  Diorytes  in 
its  extremely  fine  grain,  its  peculiar  uniform  green  color,  and  the 
indistinct  blending  of  its  constituent  minerals. 


No.  31 1 (Sp.  1501). — Fine-grained  Black  Dioryte. 


Huronian.- -Sunday  Lake  Outlet. 


A minutely  porphyritic,  unaltered  Dioryte,  resembling  No.  310; 
but  its  texture  is  not  so  fire,  the  crystals  being  often  y1^  inch  long. 
The  Amphibole  also  is  of  a black  color.  Many  irregular  fissures 
occur,  stained  yellowish,  and  reddish-brown. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  white,  slightly  grayish.  Effervesces 
slightly  in  acid.  Very  feebly  magnetic.  Powder  ash-gray,  perhaps 
slightly  greenish  ; the  magnet  separates  5 per  cent,  by  weight,  in 
grayish-black  particles. 

Weathers  evenly,  to  shades  ofcyellowish-  and  reddish-brown. 


No.  312  (Sp.  1504).  — Greenish  Altered  Dioryte. 


Lauren tian. — Near  E.  of  Sect.  24 — T.  47 — R.  46. 


Blackish-green  and  glittering,  speckled  with  greenish-white. 

A hard,  compact,  tough  rock,  of  medium  texture,  made  up  of 
equal  quantities  of  a blackish-green  mineral  (altered  Amphibole?), 
in  shining  narrow  facets,  usually  about  inch  long,  and  sometimes 
fibrous,  and  of  greenish-gray  Feldspar,  partly  massive  and  partly 
in  tiny  tabular  crystals,  with  good  cleavage. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish-white. 

Weathers  evenly,  to  dirty  shades  of  reddish-brown. 


APPENDIX  A. 


161 


In  another  variety,  1505,  bronze-yellow  Pyrite  is  disseminated  in 
tiny  particles. 

Weathers  to  the  depth  of  y^  inch,  with  an  even  surface  of  a red- 
dish color,  speckled  with  blackish-green,  and  roughened  by  the 
irregular  weathering  and  slight  projection  of  the  harder  crystals  of 
the  two  minerals. 


No.  313  (Sps.  1549,  155°)  1 5 5 1). — Fine-grained  Black  Dioryte. 


Laurentian. — Say  N.  E.  £ of  Sect.  22 — T.  46 — R.  41. 

Black,  speckled  with  grayish-white  ; glittering. 

A compact,  hard,  tough,  fine-grained  rock,  minutely  porphyritic, 
and  resembling  No.  332,  etc.  ; but  is  made  up  of  about  6 parts  of 
grayish-white  Feldspar,  in  thin  plates,  with  good  cleavage  and  high 
lustre,  and  sometimes  minutely  striated,  and  of  4 parts  of  ill-de- 
fined short  blades  and  facets  of  a black  and  blackish-green  Amphi- 
bole,  passing  into  blackish-green  scales  of  Chlorite,  which  some- 
times retain  the  bladed  form. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish-white. 

Weathers  evenly  to  a yellowish-brown,  reddish-brown,  and  brick- 
red,  to  the  depth  sometimes  of  y1^-  inch. 


No.  314  (Sp.  1720). — Quartzose  Porphyritic  Dioryte. 


Huronian. — Marquette  Quarry  near  Cleveland  Dock. 

Blackish-green,  speckled  with  brownish-red  ; glittering. 

A compact,  tough,  heavy,  coarse  Dioryte,  made  up  of  about 
equal  parts  of  green  Amphibole,  with  good  lustre,  and  greenish- 
white  streak,  in  fibrous  facets,  usually  to  -§•  inch,  sometimes 
inch,  in  length,  and  of  a bright  brownish-red  to  salmon-colored 
Feldspar,  in  facets  rarely  over  y1^  inch  across,  generally  with  good 
cleavage  and  lustre,  and  grayish-white  streak,  but  often  showing 
alteration  by  dullness  of  lustre  and  color,  and  lack  of  good  cleavage. 
The  arrangement  of  these  constituents  varies  at  one  end  of  the  spe- 
cimen, one  or  other  of  the  constituent  minerals  predominating  ; and 
the  extreme  corner  consists  of  a mixture  of  the  same  coarseness,  of 


APPENDIX  A. 


162 

equal  parts  of  the  Feldspar  and  of  grayish-white  to  smoky  Quartz, 
entirely  free  from  Amphibole. 

Fracture  uneven.  A few  irregular  fissures,  covered  with  films  of 
dull  blackish-green  Amphibole,  or  reddish  to  yellowish-brown  Ochre. 

Weathers  rather  evenly,  to  a dirty  blackish-green,  speckled  with 
dull  brownish-red. 

Specimen  1721  is  a larger  specimen  of  the  quartzose  aggregate 
which  occurs  on  a corner  of  1720.  The  Quartz  is  occasionally 
gathered  in  bunches,  T^-  inch  across,  and  a few  isolated  crystals  of 
greenish-black  Amphibole  are  interspersed.  A seam  of  greenish- 
gray  material,  y inch  thick,  lines  one  face  of  the  specimen,  and  is 
described  under  No.  315. 


No.  315  (Sp.  1723). — Quartzose  Porphyritic  Dioryte. 

Huronian. — Marquette  Quarry  near  Cleveland  Dock. 

A coarser  variety  of  No.  314,  the  blades  of  Amphibole  often 
varying  in  length  from  y to  y2  inch,  and  the  facets  of  Feldspar 
from  y to  y inch,  with  rare  evidence  of  cleavage  and  dull  lustre 
and  color,  the  two  minerals  being  irregularly  mingled  in  different 
parts  of  the  specimen.  It  is  traversed  by  a seam,  apparently  of 
segregation,  from  y to  y inch  thick,  of  a grayish-green  material, 
almost  impalpable  in  texture  and  resembling  green  Jasper.  It  gives 
a grayish-white  streak,  slightly  metallic  from  the  file,  and  may  be  a 
fine-grained  aggregate  of  Quartz  and  greenish-gray  Feldspar. 


No.  316  (Sp.  1724). — Epidotic  Porphyritic  Dioryte. 

Huronian. — Marquette  Quarry  near  Cleveland  Dock. 


A variety  of  No.  314,  with  the  coarseness  of  No.  315,  consisting 
of  about  7 parts  of  brownish-red  Feldspar,  with  good  cleavage  and 
lustre,  often  in  bunches  y to  y inch  across,  and  3 parts  of  green- 
ish-black Amphibole,  in  fibrous  shining  facets,  y to  y inch  long, 
the  two  minerals  being  somewhat  irregularly  mingled.  A little 
yellowish-green  translucent  Epidote  is  interspersed  in  crystalline 
masses,  with  good  lustre,  sometimes  y to  y inch  across,  always 


APPENDIX  A. 


163 


attached  to,  or  surrounding,  the  blades  of  Amphibole.  The  coarse- 
ness of  the  rock,  high  lustre  of  the  minerals,  and  fine  contrast  of 
the  colors,  render  this  the  most  beautiful  and  characteristic  of  the 
Diorytes. 

Specimen  1725  is  a seam,  ^ to  ^ inch  thick,  from  the  Dioryte 
represented  by  Specimens  1720  to  1724.  It  consists  entirely  of 
brownish-red  Feldspar,  with  good  cleavage  and  lustre,  and  appar- 
ently unaltered,  in  facets  ^ to  ^ inch  across.  Many  tiny  geodes 
occur,  lined  with  small  crystals  of  the  Feldspar,  the  surface  of  the 
geodes  and  of  the  cleavages  being  mostly  covered  or  mottled  with 
brownish  or  brownish-black  stains. 


No.  317  (Sp.  1733). — Porphyritic  Dioryte. 

Huronian. — Pic  Nic  Rocks,  Marquette. 

Resembles  No.  316,  in  general  appearance  and  characteristics; 
but  the  Amphibole  occurs  in  about  equal  quantity  to  the  Feldspar. 
The  latter  is  very  much  lighter  in  color ; very  little  Epidote  can  be 
distinguished;  and  a very  little  Quartz  is  associated  with  the  Feld- 
spar grains. 

The  weathered  appearance  is  striking  : the  crystals  of  Amphibole 
remaining  undimmed  in  color  and  lustre,  but  more  deeply  worn 
than  the  Feldspar — while  the  latter  projects  in  angular  masses  of  a 
reddish-white  color,  without  lustre,  the  surface  being  thus  rendered 
rather  uneven  and  very  rough. 


No.  318  (Sp.  1734). — Quartzose  Porphyritic  Dioryte. 

Huronian. — Pic  Nic  Rocks,  Marquette. 

About  half  of  this  specimen  consists  of  a very  coarse  Dioryte, 
like  Nos.  316  and  317,  containing  a very  little  Epidote,  Quartz,  and 
bronze-yellow  Pyrite,  and  in  which  the  blades  of  Amphibole  are 
often  from  to  over  inch  long,  and  from  3^  to  3^  inch  wide. 
This  passes  quite  suddenly  into  very  hard,  fine-grained,  compact, 
grayish-green  rock,  somewhat  resembling  the  flinty  seam  in  No. 
315,  but  consists  not  only  of  Quartz  and  grayish-white  and  green- 
ish-white Feldspar,  but  of  microscopic  blades  of  Amphibole.  Much 


APPENDIX  A. 


164 

Pyrite  is  disseminated  through  this  fine-grained  rock,  in  tiny  parti- 
cles and  in  thin  films,  sometimes  y inch  across,  and  it  is  also 
crossed  irregularly  by  thin  seams  of  blackish-green  Amphibole,  and 
by  others  of  greenish-gray  color,  from  whose  material  the  Amphi- 
bole seems  to  be  absent.  The  specimen  is  traversed  by  a few  fis- 
sures, covered  with  films  of  Ochre  of  a brownish-red  and  yellow 
color. 

Weathers  somewhat  unevenly  but  smoothly,  on  the  fine-grained 
rock,  to  a light  shade  of  greenish-gray,  striped  by  the  seams  with 
reddish-white,  and  mottled  by  the  fissures  with  reddish-brown  and 
yellowish-gray. 

No.  319  (J). — Coarse  Green  Amphiboly te. 

Huronian. — N.  part  of  N.  W.  \ of  S.  W.  J of  Sect.  11 — T.  47 — R.  27  (N.  of  Mar- 
quette Mine). 

Blackish-green,  speckled  with  grayish-green  ; shining. 

A tough,  compact,  heavy  Amphibolyte,  made  up  of  about  7 parts 
of  blackish-green  Amphibole,  in  rather  soft,  fibrous,  thinly  lami- 
nated facets,  to  y inch  across,  which  give  a greenish-white  streak, 
and  of  3 parts  of  a minutely  granulated  Feldspar,  of  a greenish-gray, 
grayish- white,  and  yellowish-green  color,  in  thin  scales  or  in  tiny 
granules. 

Fracture  uneven.  Thin  seams  traverse  this  rock,  containing  a 
light-purple  feldspathic  mineral,  in  radiating  groups,  associated 
with  green  Quartz  and  a little  Chlorite  in  minute  scales. 


No.  320  (Sp.  745). — Coarse  Green  Amphibolyte. 

Boulder  from  S.  3 — T.  47 — R.  30,  South  of  Lake  Michigamme. 

Blackish-green  ; shining. 

A compact,  tough,  coarse  Amphibolyte  of  medium  hardness, 
made  up  of  about  equal  bulks  of  Amphibole  and  a very  fine- 
grained matrix  of  the  same  color.  The  former  occurs  in  fibrous 
facets,  about  y2  to  y inch  square,  inclined  irregularly  in  all  direc- 
tions, and  gives  a greenish-gray  streak.  The  matrix  appears  under 
the  lens  to  consist  of  scales  of  silvery-white  Mica,  needles  of  Am- 


APPENDIX  A.  165 

phibole,  and  granules  of  grayish- white  Feldspar,  with  a little  yel- 
lowish-white Quartz. 

Fracture  very  uneven.  Many  seams  and  films  traverse  the  rock 
and  the  crystals  of  Amphibole,  weathered  to  rusty  shades  of  red- 
dish-brown. 

Weathers  rather  evenly  and  smoothly  to  a blackish-green,  mi- 
nutely speckled  with  reddish-white  (Feldspar),  the  Amphibole  crys- 
tals appearing  as  spots  of  a lighter  shade  of  blackish-green  than  on 
a fresh  fracture.  In  some  parts  of  the  weathered  surface,  minute 
yellowish-green  spherules  (of  Epidote)  appear  under  the  lens. 


No.  321  (Sp.  876). — Black  Serpentine. 

Dyke  like  Presqu’isle. — E.  side  of  Presqu’isle. 

Iron-black  ; slightly  glittering. 

A rather  hard,  compact,  brittle,  fine-grained  rock,  almost  homo- 
geneous to  the  eye,  but  which  under  the  lens  appears  to  consist  of 
about  7 parts  of  tiny  black  angular  masses,  in  a yellowish-green 
paste,  probably  Serpentine.  The  former  is  partly  crypto-crystalline, 
but  mostly  granular,  presenting  many  minute  facets  visible  to  the 
naked  eye  and  traces  of  cleavage  (altered  Amphibole).  A small 
quantity  of  scales  of  blackish-green  Chlorite  appears  to  be  present, 
and  a few  particles  of  yellow  Pyrite.  Many  irregular  fissures, 
stained  reddish-brown,  or  covered  with  films  of  a black  enamel  and 
of  brownish-white  Calcite. 

Fracture  very  uneven.  Streak  gray. 

Weathers  very  unevenly  and  roughly  to  a blackish-brown. 


No.  322  (Sp.  1245). — Green  Magnesian  Dioryte  ( Serpentine ). 

Dyke  like  Michigamme  River,  Sect.  28  or  29 — T.  42 — R.  31. 

Greenish-gray,  mottled  with  black  ; dull. 

A rather  soft,  compact,  brittle,  crypto-crystalline  rock,  whose 
appearance  slightly  resembles  that  of  an  Ophiolyte,  consisting  of 
about  7 parts  of  angular  black  masses,  of  irregular  shapes,  usually 
% to  y2  inch  long,  in  about  3 parts  of  a greenish-gray  paste.  The 


APPENDIX  A. 


1 66 

latter  presents  many  minute  facets  under  the  lens,  sometimes 
slightly  striated,  and  appears  to  consist  of  a Feldspar.  The  black 
masses  seem  to  consist  of  about  equal  bulks  of  particles  of  the 
same  greenish-gray  Feldspar,  and  of  black  scales,  sometimes  fibrous, 
perhaps  of  altered  Amphibole.  Many  irregular  fissures  in  all  di- 
rections, stained  or  mottled  with  reddish-brown. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  greenish-gray  on  the  black  masses  and 
grayish-white  on  the  paste. 

Weathers  unevenly  to  shades  of  reddish-brown.  This  rock  con- 
tains much  Lime  and  Magnesia,  but  no  Chromium,  and  appears  to 
show  one  of  the  last  stages  in  the  alteration  of  a Dioryte  into  Ser- 
pentine. 

No.  323  (Sp.  1247). — Black  Magnesian  Dioryte  ( Serpentine ). 

Huronian  (?) — Sect.  22— T.  42 — R.  31. 

Iron-black  and  dull,  speckled  with  greenish-gray,  and  glittering. 

A brittle,  coarse  rock,  resembling  No.  322,  made  up  of  about  7 
parts  of  black  irregular  angular  masses,  ^ to  inch  across,  in  3 
parts  of  a greenish-gray  paste.  The  former  is  generally  dull,  crypto- 
crystalline and  homogeneous  ; but  under  the  lens  it  sometimes 
shows  an  imperfect  columnar  structure  (Amphibole).  The  greenish- 
gray  paste  consists  of  crystalline  grains  of  a Feldspar,  with  good 
cleavage  and  lustre,  passing  into  grains  of  the  same  color  without 
cleavage,  and  possessing  a greasy  lustre,  which  may  be  Serpentine. 
A little  brown  Mica  is  also  interspersed,  sometimes  in  scales  inch 
long  ; Pyrite  occurs  in  a few  yellow  particles  ; Calcite,  associated 
with  red  Ferric  Oxide  in  grayish-white  and  reddish-brown  films  ; and 
a translucent  greenish-gray  mineral,  with  grayish-white  streak, 
apparently  Serpentine,  in  a thin  enamel-like  seam. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  gray  and  grayish-white. 

Weathers  very  unevenly,  to  reddish-brown,  mottled  with  black- 
ish-brown. 


No.  324  (Sp.  1530). — Chloritic  Dioryte. 

Laurentian  (?). — W.  branch  of  Ontonagon  River,  Sect.  13 — T.  46 — R.  31. 

Blackish-green,  minutely  speckled  with  brown  ; slightly  glit- 
tering. 


APPENDIX  A. 


1 67 


A hard,  compact,  heavy,  tough,  fine-grained  rock,  which  appears 
under  the  lens  to  consist  of  about  6 parts  of  blackish-green  Amphi- 
bole,  in  minute  glittering  blades,  and  of  4 parts  of  brown  Feldspar, 
with  ill-defined  form  and  cleavage,  and  feeble  lustre.  Many  irreg- 
ular fissures  stained  reddish-brown,  and  one  also  lined  with  tiny 
scales  of  brown  Mica  and  perhaps  a little  Chlorite. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  greenish-white,  dotted  with  light 
brownish-red. 

Weathers  rather  evenly,  to  dull  shades  of  reddish  and  yellowish- 
brown. 

Another  variety  (1531)  is  a little  coarser. 

Specimen  1532  contains  also  a light  green  paste,  filled  with  mi- 
nute scales  resembling  Chlorite.  A seam  of  yellowish-  and  reddish- 
white  Quartz,  ^ inch  thick,  crosses  the  specimen.  Effervesces 
slightly  in  acid. 

Specimen  1533  is  traversed  by  more  reddish-brown  films. 

Specimen  1534  contains  much  more  Mica,  both  disseminated 
throughout  and  in  a thin  seam.  Another  thin  seam  consists  of 
grayish-white  and  reddish-brown  Feldspar. 

Effervesces  slightly  in  acid. 

Weathers  evenly  to  a blackish-green,  and  to  the  depth  of  over  ^ 
inch,  with  a reddish-brown  section. 

Specimens  1535,  1536,  and  1537,  are  like  1534,  with  much  Mica 
disseminated  in  minute  scales,  and  with  the  other  minerals  rather 
ill  defined. 

Weathers  to  reddish-brown. 

Specimen  1538  rather  resembles  No.  332,  but  most  of  the  scales 
appear  to  be  a brown  Mica.  Films  of  Calcite  traverse  the  rock,  so 
that  it  effervesces  strongly  in  acid. 

Streak  grayish-white  and  brownish-red. 

Specimen  1 5 39  is  like  1538,  but  it  is  a little  coarser,  and  seems  to 
contain  more  Chlorite. 


No.  325  (Sp.  1428). — Chloritic  Dioryte-Wacke. 

Laurentian. — W.  line  of  Sect.  18 — T.  47 — R.  45. 

Reddish-brown,  almost  dull. 

A decomposed  variety  of  No.  307,  the  Feldspar  being  reddish- 


APPENDIX  A. 


1 68 

brown,  the  Amphibole  blackish-green,  and  hardly  distinguishable 
without  a lens,  and  the  interstices  between  them  being  occupied  by 
brick-red  particles.  Many  irregular  fissures  covered  with  films  of 
brick-red  and  reddish-brown  Ochre,  a brownish-gray  substance, 
and  blackish-green  Chlorite. 

Streak  brick-red. 

Weathers  unevenly  to  a yellowish-brown,  mottled  by  reddish- 
brown. 


No.  326  (Sp.  818).  — Chloritic  Dioryte-Sckist. 

Huronian. — N.  of  North-Western  Hotel,  Marquette. 

Greenish-gray,  minutely  speckled  with  reddish-brown  ; minutely 
glittering. 

A tough,  hard,  compact,  fine-grained  calcareous  schist,  which 
appears  under  the  lens  to  consist  of  about  4 parts  of  a reddish- 
brown  mineral  in  fibrous  facets  (altered  Amphibole),  of  3 parts  of 
minute  scales  of  grayish-white  Mica  and  blackish-green  Chlorite, 
and  of  3 parts  of  a grayish-white  crystalline  Feldspar,  in  minute 
particles. 

Fracture  even.  Streak  reddish-white.  Effervesces  decidedly  in 
acid.  The  fissures  of  lamination  are  stained  chocolate-brown  and 
often  covered  with  films  of  grayish-white  Calcite  and  olive-green 
Chlorite. 

In  another  specimen,  823,  a very  little  of  the  Feldspar  is  reddish- 
white. 


No.  327  (Sp.  1099). — Blackish-Green  Dioryte-Schist. 


Huronian. — Edwards  Mine. 


Blackish-green  and  glittering. 

A hard,  compact,  heavy,  homogeneous  rock,  chiefly  of  rather 
fine  texture,  and  with  a slight  tendency  to  a flaky  structure.  It 
appears  to  consist  mostly  of  greenish-black  Amphibole,  sometimes 
in  fibrous  facets  to  ■§■  inch  across,  often  iridescent,  and  rather 
micaceous  in  cleavage,  but  chiefly  in  minute  scales  or  flakes,  pro- 
bably associated  with  a large  quantity  of  Chlorite.  A very  little 


APPENDIX  A.  169 

grayish-  or  greenish-white  Feldspar,  in  minute  particles,  can  also  be 
distinguished  by  the  lens. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  greenish-white.  A few  irregul.ar  fis- 
sures, with  reddish-brown  stains  or  covered  with  films  of  brownish- 
white  Calcite. 

Weathers  rather  unevenly,  by  the  splitting  off  of  the  flakes,  to  a 
dirty  brownish-gray,  inclining  to  green. 


No.  328  (Sp.  1384). — Greenish  Dioryte- Schist. 

Laurentian. — S.  W.  corner  Sect.  12 — T.  47 — R.  47. 

Greenish-black,  speckled  with  grayish-white ; glittering. 

A very  hard,  tough,  compact,  homogeneous,  calcareous,  porphy- 
ritic  rock,  of  medium  grain,  composed  of  about  7 parts  of  greenish- 
black  Amphibole,  in  narrow  fibrous  facets,  rarely  distinct  crystals, 
Jg-  to  J inch  long,  and  of  3 parts  of  brownish  and  grayish- white 
Feldspar,  in  massive  particles  just  visible  to  the  eye.  A little 
Pyrite  is  disseminated  in  minute  yellow  particles.  A few  fissures 
and  seams  stained  reddish-brown. 

Fracture  rather  uneven.  Streak  greenish-white.  Effervesces 
slightly  in  acid. 

Weathers  evenly  and  smoothly, *to  a brownish-black. 


No.  329  (Sp.  1385). — Greenish  Dioryte-Schist. 

Laurentian. — S.  W.  corner  Sect.  12 — T.  47 — R.  47. 

Resembles  No.  328,  but  lighter  colored. 

The  proportion  of  the  Amphibole  to  the  Feldspar  is  about  5 to  3. 
The  Amphibole  is  often  of  a blackish-green  color.  Minute  scales 
of  blackish-green  Mica  are  disseminated  in  small  quantity.  There 
is  a slightly  schistose  structure,  and  the  weathered  surface  is 
greenish-gray  and  slightly  ridged  and  minutely  pitted  by  the 
removal  of  the  Amphibole  and  Mica  and  projection  of  tiny  laminae 
of  Feldspar. 


170 


APPENDIX  A. 


No.  330  (Sp.  1401)- — Greenish  Dioryte-Schist. 

Laurentian  (?) — Near  centre  of  N.  W.  \ of  Sect.  29 — T.  4 7 — R.  42. 

Greenish-black,  speckled  with  greenish-gray ; glittering. 

A compact,  hard,  tough  Dioryte,  of  medium  texture  and  appa- 
rently of  coarsely  schistose  structure.  Its  constituents,  which  are 
visible  to  the  eye,  are  a greenish- black  Amphibole,  in  tiny  facets, 
and  irregular  grains  of  greenish- gray,  sometimes  reddish-white, 
altered  Feldspar,  generally  massive,  but  often  showing  a cleavage 
or  an  imperfect  crystalline  shape.  The  facets  of  Amphibole  are 
much  broken  up  by  the  irregular  insertion  of  particles  of  the  Feld- 
spar. Much  bronze-yellow  Pyrite  is  disseminated  in  tiny  grains. 
Parallel  seams  occur,  lined  with  a fibrous  film  of  Chlorite,  with 
greenish-gray  streak,  and  produce  the  apparent  schistose  structure. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  greenish-white. 

Weathers  to  the  depth  of  y%  inch,  with  an  even  surface  of  reddish- 
white  color,  roughened  and  speckled  by  projecting  crystals  of 
weathered  greenish-gray  Amphibole. 


No.  331  (Sp.  821).  — Calcareous  Dioryte-Greejistone. 

Huronian. — N.  of  North-Western  Hotel,  Marquette. 

Olive-green,  mottled  with  chocolate-brown. 

A compact,  hard,  brittle,  fine-grained,  calcareous  rock,  which 
appears  under  the  lens  to  be  chiefly  composed  of  minute  scales  of 
olive-green  Chlorite,  in  many  spots  altered  into  chocolate-brown, 
with  a few  acicular  blades  (altered  Amphibole  ?)  of  the  same  colors, 
and  many  minute  silvery-gray  glistening  scales,  disseminated 
throughout.  A few  grayish  and  greenish-white  particles  (Feld- 
spar?) can  also  be  distinguished.  The  alteration  of  the  Chlorite  is 
sometimes  so  produced  as  to  mark  the  section  with  narrow  choco 
late-brown  concentric  bands. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish-white,  often  more  or  less 
reddish.  Effervesces  decidedly  in  acid.  Many  irregular  fissures 
in  all  directions,  rendering  it  difficult  to  obtain  a fresh  fracture,  and 
occupied  by  films  of  grayish-white  and  reddish-brown  Calcite,  and 
blackish-green  Chlorite,  partly  altered  into  chocolate-brown. 


APPENDIX  A. 


171 

Weathers  unevenly  to  blackish-green,  mottled  with  chocolate- 
brown. 

No.  332  (Sp.  i527)* — Fine-grained  Dioryte-Gveenstone . 

Laurentian. — W.  branch  of  Ontonagon  River,  Sect.  13 — T.  46 — R.  41. 

Grayish-green,  glittering. 

A soft,  compact,  tough,  homogeneous,  fine-grained  rock,  made 
up  of  about  6 parts  of  minute  scales  of  soft,  light-green  to  blackish- 
green  Chlorite,  and  4 parts  of  plates  of  grayish-white,  sometimes 
brown,  Feldspar,  with  good  cleavage — both  minerals  having  a high 
lustre. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  greenish-white.  Effervesces  slightly  in 
acid. 

Weathers  evenly  to  reddish-brown. 

In  another  variety,  Specimen  1528,  a little  Calcite  occurs  in  tiny 
geodes,  while,  in  1529,  a larger  part  of  the  Feldspar  is  colored 
brown. 


No.  333  (Sp.  819). — Epidotic  Dioryte-Gveenstone . 


Huronian. — Lower  Bed,  N.  of  North-Western  Hotel,  Marquette. 


Chocolate-brown,  streaked  and  mottled  with  yellowish-green  ; 
dull. 

A compact,  hard,  tough,  rather  fine-grained  calcareous  rock, 
made  up  of  about  6 parts  of  reddish-brown,  grayish-  and  reddish- 
white  Feldspar,  in  minute  crystalline  facets,  of  1 part  of  reddish- 
brown  scales  or  needles  without  lustre  (altered  Amphibole  ?)  and 
uniformly  disseminated,  and  of  3 parts  of  a yellowish-green  trans- 
lucent mineral,  resembling  Epidote,  in  tiny  masses,  and  espe- 
cially in  many  seams,  mostly  parallel,  usually  about  inch  thick. 
These  seams  possess  a marked  transverse  cleavage,  which  produces 
a fibrous  structure  on  their  section.  Many  irregular  seams  also 
occur,  from  a film  up  to  ^ inch  in  thickness,  of  grayish-white 
Calcite,  in  crystalline  plates  inch  across,  of  grayish-white  glassy 
Quartz,  associated  with  the  latter,  and  of  soft  chocolate-brown  fibrous 
films,  with  brownish-red  streak,  resembling  altered  Amphibole. 


172 


APPENDIX  A. 


Fracture  rather  uneven.  Streak  reddish-white.  Effervesces  de- 
cidedly in  acid. 

Weathers  rather  evenly,  but  roughly,  to  a blackish-green,  mot- 
tled with  chocolate-brown  and  yellowish-brown  stripes. 


No.  334  (S). — Dioryte- Greenstone. 

Huronian. — Lower  Bed  (West  of  Marquette  Mine). 

Grayish-green,  faintly  spotted  by  blackish-green  ; minutely  glit- 
tering. 

A tough,  hard,  compact,  heavy  and  very  fine-grained  calcareous 
rock,  which  consists  of  about  equal  bulks  of  somewhat  rounded 
blackish-green  masses  in  a greenish-gray  paste.  The  former  often 
indicate  traces  of  cleavage  in  feebly  shining  surfaces,  and  are  ap- 
parently altered  blades  of  Amphibole. 

The  light-colored  paste  appears,  under  the  lens,  to  consist  chiefly 
of  greenish-gray  Feldspar  (greenish-white  on  thin  edges),  with 
many  minute  silvery-white  scales  or  narrow  blades,  as  of  a Mica. 

The  surface  of  the  fissures  is  covered  with  films  of  brownish-gray 
Calcite,  and  reddish-brown  Ochre. 

Fracture  rather  uneven.  Streak  greenish-white.  Effervesces 
strongly  in  hydrochloric  acid. 

Weathered  surface  very  rough  and  uneven,  being  pitted  in  a pe- 
culiar manner,  by  the  erosion  of  the  blackish-green  masses,  into 
irregular  rounded  cavities,  to  y2  inch  across  and  inch  deep — 
the  general  color  being  greenish-gray,  mottled  by  dirty  reddish- 
brown  spots  at  the  bottom  of  the  cavities. 


No.  335  (Sp.  826). — Micaceous  Greenstone- Schist. 

Huronian. — Lower  Bed — South  of  North-Western  Hotel,  Marquette. 

Grayish-green,  with  minute  dull  chocolate-brown  and  glittering 
reddish-brown  specks,  mottled  with  chocolate-brown  on  cleavage 
surfaces. 

A rather  brittle,  calcareous  schist  (almost  a slate),  chiefly  made  up 
of  a greenish-gray  feldspathic  material  of  impalpable  texture,  re- 
sembling that  of  No.  339,  but  dotted  with  many  tiny  chocolate- 


APPENDIX  A. 


1 73 


brown  spots  and  streaks,  usually  T2  inch  across,  and  containing 
much  Mica  and  Chlorite  disseminated  throughout  in  reddish-brown 
glistening  irregular  scales,  rarely  over  ^ inch  across.  The  seams 
of  lamination  are  covered  with  soft  films  of  Chlorite,  of  a blackish- 
green,  much  mottled  with  bright  chocolate-brown. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  greenish  and  reddish-white.  Efferves- 
ces strongly  in  acid.  Differs  from  No.  339  in  the  apparently  in- 
creased proportion  of  Chlorite. 

Weathers  evenly,  to  shades  of  reddish-brown. 


No.  336  (Sp.  827). — Micaceous  Greenstone-Schist . 

Huronian. — South  of  North-Western  Hotel,  Marquette. 

Greenish-gray,  sometimes  with  slight  reddish  tinge ; glittering 
very  slightly. 

A rock  of  fine-grained  texture  which  reveals  its  constituents 
under  the  lens.  It  resembles  No.  335,  but  is  coarser,  and  the 
schistose  structure  is  more  irregular  and  less  distinctly  marked.  It 
appears  to  consist  of  about  equal  quantities  of  minute  granules  of 
reddish-white  Feldspar,  and  minute  scales  of  reddish-brown  Mica, 
dispersed  throughout.  The  seams  of  lamination  are  covered  with 
a film  of  soft  greenish-black  Chlorite,  made  up  of  exceedingly  mi- 
nute scales,  which  produce  a shining  surface. 

Fracture  very  uneven.  Streak  grayish- white,  sometimes  reddish 
or  greenish-gray.  Effervesces  decidedly  in  acid.  Fuses  at  4.5  to  a 
black  and  grayish-white  enamel. 

Weathered  surface  uneven,  and  in  spots  very  rough  and  cellular, 
by  the  weathering  out  of  the  Mica ; has  a blackish-brown  color, 
mottled  in  the  rough  spots  by  reddish-brown.  This  roughness  is 
produced  by  the  projection  of  the  parallel  scales  of  Feldspar  and 
Mica,  and  reveals  more  clearly  the  schistose  texture  of  the  rock. 


No.  337  (Sp.  1096). — Micaceous  Greenstone-Schist . 

Huronian. — Lower  Bed — Edwards  Mine. 

Grayish-black  and  glittering. 

A very  fine-grained,  homogeneous  schist,  which  consists  of  about 


174 


APPENDIX  A. 


6 parts  of  grayish-white  Feldspar  (and  smoky  Quartz?)  and  of  4 
parts  of  black  Mica,  mostly  in  minute  scales,  but  much  of  which  is 
in  blades,  often  fibrous  and  suggesting  altered  Amphibole.  A 
little  blackish-green  Chlorite  is  also  disseminated  throughout. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish-white,  often  inclining  to  green- 
ish. Somewhat  magnetic.  Fissures  stained  to  a dirty  reddish- 
brown. 

Weathers  unevenly,  to  a brownish-gray,  grayish-brown,  and  cov- 
ered with  minute  black  granules  of  Magnetite. 


No.  338  (Sp.  1100). — Schalstone. 

Huronian. — Lower  Bed — Washington  Mine. 


Blackish-gray,  slightly  greenish,  minutely  streaked  with  grayish- 
white. 

A hard,  compact,  very  tough  and  fine-grained  schist  (almost  a 
slate),  which  consists  of  about  4 parts  of  greenish-white,  sometimes 
grayish-white,  Feldspar,  in  minute  granules — 4 parts  of  a Mica,  in 
minute  brown  or  blackish-brown  scales — and  2 parts  of  grayish- 
white  crystalline  Calcite.  The  latter  is  mostly  gathered  in  many 
thin,  lenticular,  parallel  flakes,  to  J inch  in  length,  whose  gray- 
ish-white color  contrasts  with  the  prevailing  dark  color  of  a section. 
One  feldspathic  bunch  occurs  in  the  specimen,  inch  long. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish-white. 

Weathers  very  unevenly,  to  a dirty  greenish-gray,  the  surface 
being  covered  with  circular  pits,  to  ^ inch  across,  whose  bot- 
toms are  usually  colored  reddish-brown. 


No.  339  (Sp.  824). — Green  Aphanyte-Schist . 

Huronian. — Lower  Bed — S.  of  North-Western  Hotel,  Marquette. 

Grayish-green  ; dull. 

A compact,  tough,  homogeneous  rock,  of  impalpable  grain,  and 
rather  schistose  structure,  which  appears  under  the  lens  to  consist 
of  a greenish-gray  translucent  Feldspar,  sometimes  slightly  speckled 
by  reddish-gray  Mica  and  blackish-green  Chlorite.  Of  the  latter 


APPENDIX  A.  175 

many  exceedingly  minute  glistening  scales  are  disseminated  through- 
out. 

Fracture  rather  uneven.  Streak  greenish-white.  A few  tiny 
veins,  sometimes  swelling  into  lenticular  masses  inch  across,  of  a 
material  in  which  the  glistening  scales  predominate.  A few  fissures 
lightly  stained  to  a yellowish-  and  reddish-brown,  slightly  mottled 
with  a light  greenish-gray.  Fuses  at  4,  to  a black  glass. 

Weathers  evenly  and  rather  smoothly,  to  a greenish-gray,  with 
yellowish-white  specks,  revealing  a few  scales  of  the  Mica  to  the 
lens. 

Specimen  825  resembles  824.  Fuses  at  4,  to  a greenish-black 
glass. 

Weathers,  with  an  even  surface  soft  to  the  touch,  to  a dirty 
greenish-gray,  tinged  with  reddish-brown  ; which  glistens  slightly 
and  appears  under  the  lens  to  be  covered  with  minute  projecting 
scales  of  Mica. 

No.  340  (Sp.  817). — Greenish-gray  Chlorite- Pot  stone. 

Huronian. — Lower  Bed — N.  of  North-Western  Hotel,  Marquette. 

Light  greenish-gray,  mottled,  by  fissures,  with  light  reddish- 
brown. 

A soft,  compact,  finely  granular,  schistose  rock,  apparently  made 
up  of  about  8 parts  of  grayish- white  Feldspar,  and  2 parts  of 
minute  scales  of  a grayish-white  Mica  (possibly  Talc),  and  greenish- 
gray  Chlorite.  Contains  much  less  Chlorite  than  No.  341.  A few 
minute  veins  of  white  Quartz  occur,  and  many  fissures  running  irre- 
gularly, but  so  as  to  impart  the  schistose  structure,  and  lined  with 
a film  of  reddish-brown  material  with  greasy  feel  (probably  decom- 
posed Chlorite).  Effervesces  slightly  in  acid.  Streak  greenish- 
white.  Fuses  at  5.5,  to  a greenish-brown  glass. 

Weathered  surface  uneven,  and  of  a darker,  dirty-green  color. 


No.  341  (Sp.  1494).  — Green  Chlorite-Potstone. 

Huronian. — Lower  Bed — Sunday  Lake  Outlet. 

Grayish-green,  mottled  with  grayish-brown. 

A very  soft,  compact,  friable,  highly  altered  chloritic  rock,  of 


176 


APPENDIX  A. 


impalpable  texture,  consisting  of  about  3 parts  of  brown,  vaguely 
defined,  irregular  masses,  about  y inch  across,  in  a grayish-green 
paste.  In  one  part  of  the  latter  a slight  cleavage  and  lustre  were 
observed,  resembling  those  of  a Feldspar.  Many  brownish  films 
traverse  the  rock  in  all  directions. 

Fracture  very  uneven.  Streak  brownish-red  and  grayish-green. 
Effervesces  slightly  in  acid.  Yields  a very  large  amount  of  water, 
on  ignition  in  a matrass.  This  rock  seems  to  show  the  last  stage  in 
the  alteration  of  a Dioryte  into  a species  of  Chlorite-Potstone. 

Another  variety  (Specimens  1495,  1496,  and  1497)  is  traversed 
by  a network  of  soft,  fibrous,  apple-green  films  of  Chlorite. 


No.  342  (Sp.  884). — Black  Trapp ean  Dioryte. 


Huronian. — Lower  Bed — L’Anse  Iron  Range. 


Black,  speckled  with  greenish-white  and  reddish-brown  ; glitter- 
ing. 

A hard,  tough,  compact,  coarse,  heavy  rock,  made  up  of  about 
5 parts  of  black  Hornblende  in  irregular  crystalline  lamellar  masses, 
usually  Pq  inch  long  and  often  showing  facets  of  high  lustre — and  of 
5 parts  of  greenish-yellow  and  sometimes  grayish-white  Feldspar, 
in  irregular  tabular  crystals,  y1^  inch  long.  Many  of  the  interstices 
of  the  Feldspar,  and  many  irregular  fissures,  are  stained  reddish- 
and  yellowish-brown. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish- white.  The  crystals  both  of 
Hornblende  and  Feldspar  are  sometimes  y inch  long  and  the  latter 
are  sometimes  covered  with  a minute  striation.  Feebly  magnetic. 
Powder  ash-gray,  inclining  to  brownish.  The  magnet  separates 
5 per  cent,  by  weight,  in  grayish-black  particles. 

Weathers  rather  unevenly  to  a dFty  brownish-gray,  and  finally 
disintegrates  into  an  angular  sand. 

In  another  specimen  (885)  the  fissures  are  more  minute  and  the 
cleavage  surfaces  are  stained  reddish-brown  ; so  that  it  is  difficult 
to  obtain  a fresh  unaltered  surface  only  an  inch  square.  Effervesces 
but  very  feebly  in  acid. 

Weathers  evenly  to  a blackish-green,  speckled  with  grayish-  and 
reddish-white. 


APPENDIX  A. 


177 


No.  343  (Sp.  886). — Black  Trappean  Dioryte. 


Huronian. — Lower  Bed — L’Anse  Iron  Range. 

Resembles  No.  342,  but  its  texture  varies  in  fineness  down  to  a 
grain  in  which  the  crystals  become  glittering  points  which  can 
hardly  be  distinguished  by  the  eye.  Few  of  the  interstices  have 
the  yellowish-brown  stain.  The  specimen  does  not  perceptibly 
affect  the  compass,  but  the  magnet  separates  about  4 per  cent,  from 
the  pulverized  rock. 

The  weathered  surface  of  the  coarse  parts  of  the  rock  is  roughened 
by  the  projection  of  the  greenish-black  crystals  of  Hornblende  and 
a few  black  octahedra  of  Magnetite. 


No.  344  (Sp.  888). — Trappean  Dioryte. 


Huronian. — Lower  Bed. — L’Anse  Iron  Range. 

Greenish-gray,  speckled  with  black  ; glittering. 

Resembles  No.  342,  but  consists  of  about  equal  parts  of  imper- 
fect crystals  of  Hornblende  and  Feldspar.  The  former  occurs  in 
short  brownish-black,  imperfect  crystals,  often  showing  a lamellar 
structure,  and  sometimes  a slight  iridescence  on  a cleavage  sur- 
face. The  Feldspar  is  greenish-white,  very  rarely  grayish-white, 
glassy  and  translucent  to  semi-transparent ; its  fusibility  is  about 
3.5,  and  it  is  almost  insoluble  in  boiling  hydrochloric  acid.  Very 
feebly  magnetic.  Powder  yellowish-gray.  The  magnet  separates  2 
per  cent,  by  weight  of  grayish-black  particles.  The  interior  portion 
of  this  specimen,  2 or  3 inches  below  the  weathered  surface,  is  con- 
verted into  a very  friable  mass,  in  which  the  crystals  cohere  very 
loosely — those  of  Feldspar  assuming  a brownish-gray  to  greenish- 
gray  tint. 


No.  345  (Sp.  889). — Altered  Trappean  Dioryte. 


Huronian. — Lower  Bed. — L’Anse  Iron  Range. 

Chocolate-brown,  with  glittering  greenish-gray  specks,  banded 
with  grayish-green. 

12 


i;8 


APPENDIX  A. 


A soft,  compact,  fine-grained,  weathered  rock,  which  appears 
under  the  lens  to  consist  of  about  7 parts  of  tiny  dull  plates  or  par- 
ticles, sometimes  laminated,  of  a brick-red  and  reddish-brown  color, 
(altered  Hornblende),  with  about  3 parts  of  tiny  glittering  facets  of 
greenish-gray  Feldspar,  often  grayish-green  and  soft.  A few 
parallel  bands  and  a short  transverse  seam  occur,  of  a greenish-gray 
color,  and  about  ^ inch  thick,  in  which  the  soft  grayish-green 
material  predominates,  having  a greasy  feel  and  resembling  Serpen- 
tine, with  a few  scattered  brown  masses  of  Hornblende.  The  seam 
is  traversed  by  a thinner  seam  of  fibrous  structure  and  reddish- 
brown,  brick-red,  and  blackish-green  color — apparently  altered 
Hornblende.  A very  few  minute  glittering  black  scales  occur,  ap- 
parently of  Micaceous-Iron. 

Weathered  surface  rather  even  and  smooth,  about  Jg-  inch  deep, 
and  of  a brownish-yellow  color,  mottled  with  greenish-black — the 
section  being  grayish-green. 


No.  346  (Sp.  905). — Speckled  Trappean  Dioryte. 


Huronian. — Lower  Bed. — L’Anse  Iron  Range  near  W.  line  Sect.  18 — T.  49 — R.  33. 


Resembles  No.  344,  but  is  a little  coarser,  many  of  the  crystals 
being  y&  inch  long,  and  about  half  the  Feldspar  is  of  a grayish-white 
color. 

Feebly  magnetic.  Powder  ash-gray,  inclining  to  greenish. 
The  magnet  separates  3 per  cent,  by  weight,  in  grayish-black  par- 
ticles. 

Weathered  surface  even,  but  roughened  by  projection  of  the 
crystals  of  Hornblende  and  harder  plates  of  Feldspar,  and  of  a dirty 
cream  color,  speckled  with  blackish-green. 


No.  347  (Sp.  912). — Black  Trappean  Dioryte. 

Huronian. — Lower  Bed. — L’Anse  Iron  Range. 


Iron-black,  speckled  with  gray;  glittering. 

A hard,  compact,  tough,  rather  coarse,  highly  crystalline  rock, 


APPENDIX  A. 


179 


made  up  of  about  7 parts  of  iron-black  lamellar  Hornblende,  in 
irregular  masses  and  plates,  and  3 parts  of  a grayish  and  yellowish- 
white  Feldspar,  with  decided  cleavage,  in  crystals  and  plates  which 
cover  a section  with  facets  and  minute  lines  ^ inch  long.  A 
minute  seam  crosses  the  specimen,  filled  with  a reddish-brown  Ochre, 
and  a few  minute  irregular  fissures,  stained  reddish-brown. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish-white,  sometimes  dotted  with 
reddish-brown. 

Weathers  to  the  depth  of  about  inch,  with  a rather  even  sur- 
face of  a brownish-gray  color,  roughened  by  projecting  grains  of 
the  Hornblende. 


No.  348  (Sp.  913). — Brown  Trappean  Dioryte. 


Huronian. — Lower  Bed. — L’Anse  Iron  Range. 


Blackish-brown,  speckled  with  gray  ; glittering. 

Like  No.  347,  but  of  a little  finer  texture,  and  with  a blackish- 
brown  substituted  for  the  iron-black  Hornblende.  Many  fissures 
occur,  mostly  parallel,  and  generally  occupied  by  a film  of  a yel- 
lowish-green color,  apparently  Epidote. 

• 

No.  349  (Sp.  915)- — Brown  Trappean  Dioryte . 

Huronian. — Lower  Bed. — L’Anse  Iron  Range,  S.  of  L’Anse,  Sect.  9 — T.  49 — R.  33. 

Like  No.  348,  but  has  the  coarseness  of  No.  347,  and  is  traversed 
in  all  directions  by  blackish-green  films  of  Chlorite,  giving  green- 
ish-gray streak. 


No.  350  (Sp.  996). — Fine-grained  Green  Trappean  Dioryte. 

Huronian. — Lower  Bed. — W.  of  Slate  River,  Sect.  28 — T.  51 — R.  31. 

Dark  grayish-green,  speckled  with  brown  and  grayish-white  ; 
glittering. 

A compact,  tough,  hard  rock,  which  resembles  Nos.  342,  343, 


APPENDIX  A. 


180 

and  346,  but  is  finer-grained  and  poorly  crystallized.  It  appears  to 
consist  of  about  equal  bulks  of  grayish-white  Feldspar,  in  thin 
tabular  flakes,  and  a brown  Feldspar  in  tiny  facets,  both  about 
inch  across,  and  irregular  grains  of  grayish-green  crystalline 
Hornblende. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  greenish-white. 

Weathers  unevenly  to  a reddish-brown,  mottled  by  gray,  and  the 
constituents  appear  to  weather  equally. 

Another  specimen  (997),  is  a fine-grained  and  tougher  variety. 
The  surface  of  the  joints  is  stained  reddish-brown. 


No.  351  (Sp.  91 1). — Green  Porphyry. 


Huronian. — Lower  Bed. — L’Anse  Iron  Range,  N.  W.  £ of  Sect.  9 — T.  49 — R.  33. 


Dark  bluish-green  ; dull,  with  brown  glittering  specks. 

A rather  hard,  brittle,  compact,  heavy,  crystalline  rock,  made  up 
of  about  3 parts  of  a brown  and  orange-brown  or  copper-colored 
Feldspar,  with  good  cleavage,  in  about  7 parts  of  a dark  bluish- 
green,  dull,  aphanitic  paste. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  greenish  and  reddish-white.  Many 
minute  fissures  in  all  directions,  stained  with  films  of  yellowish  and 
reddish-brown. 

Weathers  unevenly  to  a reddish-brown. 

On  a polished  section,  under  the  lens,  the  paste  is  resolved  into 
3 minerals  : well  defined,  dull,  blackish-green,  crystals  of  altered 
Hornblende,  amounting  to  about  3 parts  of  the  rock — a green 
homogeneous  paste,  probably  chloritic,  amounting  to  about  3 parts — 
and  nearly  1 part  of  Pyrite,  in  yellowish-white,  angular  particles. 


No.  352  (Sp.  887). — Brown  Wacke. 

Huronian. — Lower  Bed. — L’Anse  Iron  Range. 


Reddish-brown,  mottled  with  light-yellow  ; mostly  dull,  but  with 
a few  glittering  points. 

A very  soft  and  friable,  fine-grained,  decomposed  rock,  produced 
by  the  weathering  of  the  preceding  rock,  in  which  the  Feldspar  pre- 


APPENDIX  A. 


81 


dominates  over  the  Hornblende,  both  occurring  in  tiny  altered 
grains,  distinguishable  by  the  eye.  In  the  yellow  parts  of  the  spe- 
cimen, the  Feldspar  is  light-yellow  to  yellowish-white,  and  the 
Hornblende  blackish-green  ; and  in  the  reddish-brown,  the  color  is 
due  to  the  reddish-brown  altered  crystals  of  the  latter  mineral.  The 
cleavage  and  general  characteristics  of  both  minerals  are  indistinct. 


No.  353  (Sp.  914). — Speckled  Wacke. 


Huronian. — L’Anse  Iron  Range,  N.  side  of  above  Dioryte  Dyke. 


Yellowish- white,  minutely  speckled  with  reddish-brown. 

A rather  soft  and  brittle,  compact,  fine-grained  rock,  made  up  of 
about  6 parts  of  reddish-brown,  soft,  irregular  grains,  apparently  of 
a reddish  Ochre,  derived  from  alteration  of  Hornblende,  in  a soft 
yellowish-white  paste,  which  imparts  a greasy  feel  to  the  rock  and 
apparently  consists  of  a Feldspar,  altered  to  Kaolin.  It  is  appa- 
rently a decomposed  form  of  a finer  grained  variety  of  Nos.  347  and 
348.  A few  minute  glittering  black  scales,  apparently  of  Mica- 
ceous-Iron. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  brownish-red,  dotted  with  yellowish- 
white. 


No.  354  (Sp.  1110). — Black  Dioryte- Aphanyte. 


Ii ur onian.  — Dyke. — Washin g t on  Mine. 

Grayish-black  ; minutely  glittering. 

A compact,  tough,  hard,  fine-grained  rock,  which  appears  to 
consist  of  about  equal  bulks  of  grayish-white  Feldspar,  in  minute 
particles,  and  of  a black  mineral,  with  high  lustre,  (resembling  the 
black  mineral  of  No.  205,)  in  minute  flakes,  scales,  or  blades, 
sometimes  y1^  inch  long.  Much  bronze-yellow  Pyrite  is  dissemi- 
nated throughout,  in  particles  and  films,  sometimes  over  inch 
across,  especially  in  seams  associated  with  films  of  grayish-white 
Calcite. 

Fracture  conchoidal.  Streak  gray.  Fissures  occur,  stained 
greenish-black  and  greenish-gray. 


182 


APPENDIX  A. 


No.  355  (Sp.  1382). — Black  Dioryte-Aphanyte. 

Laurentian. — Dyke. — N.  W.  i of  Sect.  29 — T.  47 — R.  42. 

Grayish-black,  slightly  glittering. 

An  exceedingly  hard,  compact,  heavy,  tough,  homogeneous, 
almost  crypto-crystalline  rock,  which  appears  under  the  lens  to 
consist  of  about  3 parts  of  minute  facets  of  grayish-white  Feldspar, 
with  good  cleavage  and  lustre,  in  7 parts  of  a dull  black  paste, 
hardly  touched  by  the  file. 

Fracture  even.  Streak  gray. 

Weathers  evenly,  to  a dirty  yellowish-brown,  to  the  depth  of 
inch,  with  a surface  rendered  harsh  to  the  touch  by  minute  pro- 
jecting points. 


No.  356  (S). — Black  Dioryte-Aphanyte. 

Dyke  near  Forestville. 

Like  No.  355*  Facets  of  a black  Feldspar,  with  high  lustre,  can 
also  be  distinguished,  which  are  sometimes  to  y1-^  inch  long. 
Surface  of  fissures  stained  a light  brownish-red,  or  brownish  to 
yellowish-gray  ; possesses  the  strongly  marked  cross-cleavages  (in 
3 planes  at  right  angles  to  each  other)  peculiar  to  a dyke. 


No.  357  (S). — Green  Dioryte-Aphanyte. 

Dyke,  half  an  inch  wide,  crossing  obliquely  a Huronian  Dioryte- Schist. 

Light-House  Point,  Marquette. 

Grayish-green  and  dull. 

A very  hard,  compact,  heavy,  crypto-crystalline  rock,  of  the 
texture  of  porcelain  or  many  Felsytes,  resembling  a green  Jasper. 
Nothing  can  be  distinguished  in  it,  even  by  the  lens,  but  a few  tiny 
particles  of  Pyrite. 

Fracture  rendered  exceedingly  uneven,  by  the  whole  rock  being 
traversed  irregularly  by  small  fissures,  stained  reddish-brown  ; and 
it  is  for  the  same  reason  difficult  to  obtain  a fresh  fracture  half  an 
inch  square.  The  hardness  is  less  than  that  of  a Felsyte.  No 


APPENDIX  A.  183 

trace  visible  in  this  specimen  of  the  cross-cleavage  of  No.  356. 
Streak  greenish-white. 

Weathers  rather  unevenly,  to  a light  brownish-gray,  the  vein 
sometimes  sharply  projecting  above,  and  sometimes  sharply  sunken 
below,  the  surface  of  the  schist. 


No.  358  (Sp.  732). — Arenaceous  Sandstone- Schist. 

Huronian. — Bed  XIII. — Spurr  Range,  Sect.  23 — T.  48 — R.  31. 


Gray,  mottled  with  grayish-white,  with  many  tiny  specks  of  dark 
greenish-gray. 

An  arenaceous  schistose  Sandstone,  almost  exactly  like  No.  359, 
without  the  bands,  made  up  of  minute  granules  of  glassy  Quartz, 
sometimes  intermixed  with  a greenish-gray  substance  (probably 
Chlorite),  and  tiny  particles  and  seams  of  a dirty  yellowish  and 
reddish-brown  color.  The  surfaces  of  the  layers  are  covered  with 
films  of  a gray  color,  mottled  with  dirty  shades  of  yellowish  and 
reddish-brown,  containing  many  minute  scales  of  brownish-gray 
Mica. 

Fracture  rather  even.  Streak  grayish-white.  Slightly  magnetic, 
and  with  polarity,  from  a thin  adhering  layer  of  Magnetite. 

Weathers  smoothly  to  dark  brownish  shades. 


No.  359  (Sp.  739)- — Magnetic  Arenaceous  Sandstone-Schist . 


Huronian. — Bed  XIII. — Spurr  Range,  Sect.  23 — T.  48 — R.  31. 

Grayish-white,  with  bluish-gray,  reddish-brown,  and  blackish-gray 
bands. 

A rather  brittle  and  friable,  loosely  aggregated,  fine-grained, 
arenaceous,  laminated  Sandstone,  almost  of  a slaty  structure.  This 
rock  is  made  up  of  laminae,  usually  varying  in  thickness  from  to 
\ inch,  most  of  which  are  gray,  grayish-white,  and  bluish-gray,  and 
consist  of  arenaceous  Quartz  ; and  some  of  which,  at  intervals  of  an 
inch  or  more,  are  light  reddish-brown  and  black,  glittering,  rarely 
more  than  inch  in  thickness,  and  consist  of  mixtures  of  Magnetic 
Iron  and  ferruginous  Quartz.  On  examination  by  a lens,  the  gray 


84 


APPENDIX  A. 


and  grayish-white  laminae  are  seen  to  consist  of  minute  grains  of 
milky  Quartz  ; the  bluish-gray  laminae,  of  grains  of  smoky  Quartz  ; 
the  reddish-brown,  of  ferruginous  and  milky  Quartz  ; and  the 
black,  which  are  always  associated  with  the  last,  of  a mixture  of 
octahedral  crystals  of  Magnetite,  with  ferruginous  Quartz,  the 
former  mineral  amounting  to  about  y of  the  bulk  of  the  layer,  as 
separated  by  a magnet  from  the  powder.  There  are  also  many 
minute  seams,  usually  less  than  an  inch  long,  filled  with  brown 
Ochre,  sometimes  parallel  to  the  lamination  and  often  crossing  it 
obliquely  and  irregularly. 

Fracture  uneven.  Streak  grayish- white.  Powder  of  the  darker 
layers  blackish-gray  and  glittering  ; the  magnet  separates  about 
60  per  cent,  of  the  bulk,  in  a grayish-black  and  glittering  powder, 
with  a remainder  of  a brownish-gray  and  dull. 

On  account  of  the  presence  of  the  Magnetite,  this  rock  is  deci- 
dedly magnetic.  The  material  and  structure  are  identical  with 
those  of  the  common  pebbles  in  specimens  of  certain  Quartzytes, 
but  they  differ  in  the  absence  of  Magnetite  from  the  latter  and  in 
their  more  yellowish  tints. 

Weathered  surface  is  darker  than  the  fresh  fracture,  and  the 
edges  of  the  ferruginous  layers  generally  assume  a yellowish-brown 
color. 


No.  360  (Sp.  923). — Chloritic  Sandstone- Schist. 

Silurian. — Presqu’isle. — West  side,  North  of  the  Neck. 

Light  greenish-gray,  inclining  to  apple-green,  minutely  speckled 
with  white  ; dull. 

A fine-grained  rock,  which  is  a variety  of  the  Kaolinic  Sandstone- 
Schists,  belonging  to  the  Silurian.  The  color  is  light,  and  is  only 
very  slightly  variegated  with  thin  brown  lines  in  some  places.  It 
consists  of  about  7 parts  of  grayish-green  Quartz,  in  angular  gran- 
ules distinguishable  by  the  lens,  and  of  3 parts  of  grayish-  to  yel- 
lowish-white Kaolin,  in  scattered  particles  visible  to  the  eye,  with  a 
few  minute  scales  apparently  of  Chlorite  and  Mica.  The  structure 
is  decidedly  schistose — which  is  produced  by  the  dissemination  of 
many  flat,  thin  flakes,  sometimes  y2  inch  across,  of  soft  greenish- 
gray  and  blackish-green  Chloritic  Schist,  with  light  greenish-gray 


APPENDIX  A.  185 

streak.  A few  minute  scales  of  silvery-white  Mica  are  dispersed 
over  the  cleavage  surfaces  and  are  distinguishable  by  the  eye. 

Streak  of  the  rock,  greenish-white.  The  surfaces  of  the  cleavage- 
planes,  and  especially  of  the  joints  of  the  rock,  are  stained  or  mot- 
tled with  reddish-  and  yellowish-brown. 

Weathered  surface  uneven  and  rough,  and  of  a light  reddish- 
brown  color. 


MINERALOGICAL  NOTES. 


MINERALOGICAL  NOTES. 


The  small  variety  and  imperfect  crystallization  of  the  minerals 
of  this  region  were  remarked  by  Foster  and  Whitney,  in  Part  II. 
of  their  Report,  published  in  the  year  1851  ; and  brief  notes  are 
given  in  that  volume,  on  pages  95,  18,  82,  etc.,  of  the  following 
eighteen  minerals  : Galena,  Sulphuret  of  Zinc,  Iron  Pyrites,  Sul- 
phuret  of  Copper,  Specular  Oxide  of  Iron,  Magnetic  Oxide  of 
Iron,  Oxide  of  Manganese,  Quartz,  Pyroxene,  Hornblende,  Gar- 
net, Mica,  Orthoclase,  Talc,  Serpentine,  Chlorite,  Calc-Spar,  and 
Dolomite. 

During  the  period  of  twenty-one  years  which  has  since  elapsed, 
and  the  extensive  opening  up  of  this  region  by  mines  and  roads, 
the  occurrence  of  perhaps  fifteen  more  minerals  has  been  discovered  ; 
but  several  of  these  are  found  only  in  traces  or  small  quantities, 
and  it  is  difficult  to  obtain  well-crystallized  specimens,  worthy  of 
the  cabinet,  of  any  but  two  or  three.  A few  hasty  notes  will  now 
be  given  of  such  facts  as  have  come  to  my  notice  in  the  field  or  in 
collections,  in  regard  to  the  following  minerals  : 


Graphite. 

Garnet. 

Galenite. 

Epidote. 

Sphalerite. 

Muscovite. 

Pyrite. 

Magnesian  Mica. 

Chalco-pyrite. 

Orthoclase. 

Hematite. 

Triclinic  Feldspars. 

Martite. 

Tourmaline  (?). 

Magnetite. 

Andalusite. 

Pyrolusite. 

Staurolite. 

Turgite. 

Talc. 

Gothite. 

Serpentine. 

Limonite. 

Kaolin. 

Quartz. 

Chlorite. 

Pyroxene  (?). 

Calcite. 

Anthophyllite. 

Dolomite. 

Amphibole. 

Siderite, 

190 


MINERAL 0 GICAL  NOTES. 


Graphite  { popularly  called  “Plumbago”)  occurs  in  tiny  scales 
and  in  films  in  the  carbonaceous  slates.  (Nos.  246  to  251.) 

Galenite  (“Galena”)  was  observed  by  Foster  and  Whitney  in 
small  quantity  at  Presqu’isle.  An  argentiferous  variety  has  been 
since  found,  in  the  region  north  of  the  Carp  River,  in  quantities 
sufficient  to  induce  the  opening  of  several  mines.  It  is,  at  these 
localities,  associated  with  Sphalerite,  Pyrite,  and  Chalcopyrite,  (and, 
it  was  reported  at  the  Holyoke  mine,  Pyrostilpnite,)  in  milky  Quartz. 
(Holyoke  and  Lake  Superior  Silver  Lead  Mines,  etc.) 

Sphalerite  (“  Zinc  Blende,”  or  “ Black-Jack  ”)  has  been  observed 
at  Presqu’isle,  the  Holyoke  Mines,  the  Sedgwick  Mines,  etc.,  always 
in  small  quantity  and  with  the  association  stated  under  Galenite. 

Pyrite  (“  Iron  Pyrites  ”)  is  very  commonly  disseminated  through 
all  the  rocks,  but  almost  always  in  tiny  irregular  particles  or  in 
small  cubes,  rarely  of  an  inch  across.  In  some  cases  it  has  been 
suspected  to  be  auriferous  (Pyritiferous  Conglomeritic  Talcose 
Schist,  north  side  of  Lake  Palmer,  S.  W.  y^  of  N.  E.  ^ of  S.  25 — 
T.  47— R-  2 7). 

Chalcopyrite  (“  Copper  Pyrites  ”)  is  the  only  ore  of  copper  (ex- 
cepting a few  traces  of  Green  Carbonate  at  Presqu’isle,  etc.,)  which 
has  been  noticed  in  this  region,  and  always  at  a very  few  localities 
(Presqu’isle,  Holyoke  Mine,  Sedgwick  Mine,  etc.),  and  in  small 
quantity  : usually  in  tiny  particles  and  strings,  associated  with 
Galenite,  as  stated  under  that  mineral. 

Hematite  (“  Specular  Ore  ”).  I have  neither  the  opportunity  nor 
the  necessary  suite  of  specimens  for  a proper  description  of  the 
characteristics  of  this  mineral  peculiar  to  this  region.  All  its  com- 
mon earthy  and  amorphous  forms  are  easily  studied  in  the  vast 
beds  which  have  been  opened  ; and  I believe  small  veins  have  oc- 
curred, at  the  Jackson  Mine,  and  the  Iron  Mountain  Mine,  contain- 
ing small  crystals  of  Specular  Ore.  The  only  specimens  of  interest 
to  the  collector  are  the  following  : Black  Micaceous-Iron,  in  seams 
or  sheets,  sometimes  a foot  or  more  across  (Lake  Superior  Mine, 
etc.) ; the  so-called  “ Bird’s  Eye  Ore,”  (No.  6)  ; indurated  red  and 


MINER  A L O GICA  L NOTES. 


IQI 


yellow  Ochre,  often  in  films  of  coppery  color  and  lustre,  lining 
geodes  in  Milky  Quartz,  which  form  fine  specimens  at  several  local- 
ities (Iron  Mountain  Mine,  etc.);  and  Red  Chalk,  which  may  be 
procured  in  abundance  from  the  decomposed  Chloritic  Schist  at 
“ Kimball’s  Cut,”  on  the  Peninsula  Railroad,  and  in  the  E.  part  of 
S.  18 — T.  47 — R.  26.  An  unusual  association  is  the  occurrence  of 
much  Micaceous-Iron  in  small  masses  and  seams,  along  with 
Quartz,  Chlorite,  and  crystallized  Feldspar,  in  a coarse  Dioryte  on 
the  east  side  of  lake  Angeline. 

Martite  (part  of  the  “Specular  Ore”).  A pseudomorphous 
form  of  Hematite  after  Magnetite  (Dana’s  System  of  Mineralogy, 
page  142),  is  so  commonly  distributed  in  tiny  octahedra  or  tri- 
angular scales,  rarely  inch  across,  that  I have  applied  the 

name  to  one  schist  (No.  2,  Appendix  B).  It  sometimes  occurs 
in  Chlorite-Schist,  but  is  usually  associated  with  brownish-red 
Jasper,  and.  fine  specimens  consisting  of  alternations  of  blackish- 
blue  Martite  and  bright-red  Jasper,  with  the  contrast  heightened 
by  the  glacial  polish,  may  be  easily  obtained  at  the  Cleveland 
Knob,  etc.  Specimens  also  are  common,  containing  tiny  octahedra 
of  Magnetite,  of  Martite,  and  of  the  one  partially  altered  into  the 
other. 

Magnetite  (“  Magnetic  Iron  Ore  ”)  is  very  commonly  dissem- 
inated through  most  of  the  rocks,  generally  associated  with  Pyrite 
in  the  crystalline  rocks,  in  particles,  or  in  octahedra  which  are 
rarely  Y inch  in  diameter.  In  the  beds  of  ore  the  grains  are  im- 
perfectly crystalline  and  sometimes  loosely  adherent,  like  the  “ shot 
ores”  of  the  Adirondack  Iron-region  of  New  York  ; the  magnetic 
character  is  sometimes  very  decided,  so  that  the  powder  clings  to 
the  fragments  ; the  surface  is  often  iridescent,  and  good  specimens 
are  easily  obtainable  at  the  Washington  Mine,  etc. 

Pyrolusite  (“  Binoxide  of  Manganese  ”)  of  an  iron-bHck  or  brown- 
ish-black color,  is  abundantly  disseminated  through  some  Hematite 
ores  in  several  deposits  (as  at  N.  E.  cor.  of  Sect.  12-T.  47-R.  27),  in 
pulverulent  coatings,  tiny  scales  and  films,  and  mamillary  masses 
made  up  of  radiating  needles,  sometimes  2 or  3 inches  in  diameter; 
some  of  which  form  fair  specimens  for  the  cabinet  (Sp.  893  and  894). 


192 


MINERAL  O GICA L NOTES. 


It  also  occurs  on  a rosy  Quartzyte,  and  is  associated  with  Ochre 
and  a little  Mica  (Sp.  897),  with  Magnetite  and  Anthophyllite  (No. 
178),  or  with  Turgite  (Sp.  895).  Streak  black  and  sometimes  sub- 
metallic.  Gives  evidence  of  alteration,  by  affording  water,  when 
heated  in  a closed  tube,  and  may  be  the  mineral  from  this  region 
reported  as  Manganite  in  Dana’s  localities  (System  of  Mineralogy, 
page  78 4).  Credner  also  mentions  the  occurrence  of  “ streaks  of  a 
pure,  compact,  black  Psilomelan,  mixed  with  tiny  particles  of 
Hausmannite”  (Article,  loc.  cit.,  page  543). 

Ttirgite  (part  of  the  “ Hematite  ”),  of  a reddish-black  color,  has 
been  found  to  occur  (Sp.  895,  from  N.  W.  y^  Sect.  9 — T.  49 — R.  33), 
in  botryoidal  masses  associated  with  reniform  coatings  of  brownish 
Ochre  and  brownish-black  Pyrolusite.  Streak  brick-red,  sometimes 
brownish-yellow.  When  heated  before  the  blowpipe  in  a closed 
tube,  it  decrepitates  and  yields  water. 

Gothite  (the  glittering  crusts  on  the  “ Hematite  ”)  has  been  found 
in  abundance  (at  the  well-known  locality  at  the  Jackson  Mine),  in 
lamelliform  crystals  of  a brownish-black  color,  usually  less  than  y^ 
inch  in  length,  arranged  in  stellated  or  radiating  groups,  in  drusy 
cavities  of  Limonite  (or  perhaps  of  Turgite  ?)  and  Hematite.  The 
finest  specimen  I have  seen  was  a stalactite  of  Limonite,  about  one 
foot  long,  completely  covered  with  radiating  blades  of  Gothite  over 
one  inch  in  length.  It  also  occurs  at  the  Lake  Superior  Mine  (and 
probably  elsewhere),  in  seams  crossing  a Feldspathic  Argillyte,  etc. 
(Sp.  1139).  Streak  brownish-yellow. 

Limonite  (popularly  called  “ Hematite”)  has  been  found  at  the 
Jackson  Mine,  Lake  Superior  Mine,  Foster  Mine,  and  several 
others,  in  considerable  quantity,  and  with  all  the  variety  of  mamil- 
lary, botryoidal,  and  stalactitic  forms  which  are  common  to  this 
ore.  It  is  associated  with  Hematite,  Gothite,  Turgite,  Pyrolusite, 
and  many  varieties  of  Ochre,  and  good  specimens  may  be  easily 
obtained. 

Quartz  (“  Flint,”  “ Chert,”  etc.)  is  very  commonly  distributed, 
in  the  ordinary  massive  forms  of  milky  Quartz,  smoky  Quartz,  etc. , 
in  connection  with  the  ores,  but  good  crystals  are  very  rare.  Sev- 


MINERAL O GICA L NOTES. 


193 


eral  coarse  varieties  of  Jasper,  Chalcedony,  and  Semi-Opal  are 
easily  obtained. 

Pyroxene  (Augite)  may  possibly  be  an  accessory  constituent  of 
certain  rocks.  Pyroxenic  Diabase  is  reported  to  occur,  but,  so  far 
as  my  observations  have  gone,  I believe  that  rock  and  this  mineral 
to  be  entirely  absent  from  the  Iron-Region. 

Anthophyllite  is  the  name  first  applied  by  Prof.  G.  J.  Brush  to 
the  brownish-gray  hydrous  micaceous  mineral,  in  tiny  scales  and 
blades,  which  enters  fargely  into  the  constitution  of  the  schists 
already  described  (Nos.  174  to  178).  See  also  Wright’s  observa- 
tions, in  Appendix  C. 

Amphibole  (popularly  called  “ Hornblende”),  although  the  uni- 
versal constituent  of  the  Diorytes,  in  its  black  and  greenish-black 
variety — Hornblende — almost  always  occurs  in  small  fibrous  poorly 
crystallized  blades.  The  most  coarsely  crystallized  specimens  may 
be  procured  from  a ridge  between  Negaunee  and  Teal  Lake,  in  the 
swamp  near  Barlie’s  Brook  (N.  E.  qr.  of  S.  W.  qr.  of  Sect.  22— 
T.  47 — R.  27),  near  a waterfall  in  a swamp  (N.  E.  cor.,  S.  W.  qr.  of 
S.  W.  qr.,  Sect.  7 — T.  47 — R.  27),  and  on  “ Raspberry  Hill”  (Sect. 
7 — T.  47 — R.  26).  Seams  of  Actinolite , however,  occur  in  one  schist 
(No.  17),  and  a quartzose  vein  occurs  in  Dioryte  (on  the  crest  of  the 
hill,  north  of  Lake  Fairbanks),  which  contains  an  abundance  of  mas- 
sive Actinolite,  of  a coarse  columnar  structure,  in  layers  2 or  3 inches 
thick,  associated  with  a little  Chlorite.  Tremolite  is  distributed  in 
small  short  blades  through  a dolomite  (No.  103),  and  was  also  ob- 
served in  that  association,  in  the  Menominee  region,  by  Credner 
(Article,  page  527);  and  this  is,  I suspect,  the  “ Kyanite  ” said  to 
occur  in  a marble  at  Sect.  36 — T.  42 — R.  29.  Asbestus  was  found 
by  Dr.  Houghton  at  Presqu’isle,  and  is  distributed  in  considerable 
quantity  through  a rock  near  Lake  Gogebic,  so  as  to  form  an 
Asbestus-rock,  filled  with  small  garnets. 

Garnet  sometimes  occurs  in  coarse,  partially  decomposed  dode- 
cahedrons, generally  less  than  inch  in  diameter,  in  Talcose  and 
Chloritic  Schists,  at  the  Washington  Mine,  at  Republic  Mountain, 
Smith  Mountain,  etc.,  but  good  specimens  are  rare. 

13 


94 


MINERAL  O GICAL  NOTES. 


Epidote  may  be  easily  obtained,  in  small  imperfect  crystals,  from 
the  quartzose  veins  which  traverse  the  Dioryte  on  the  shore  be- 
tween Light-House  Point  and  Granite  Point,  between  Negaunee 
and  Teal  Lake,  and  elsewhere,  and  from  similar  veins  in  Chloritic 
and  Amphibole-Gneiss. 

Muscovite  (“Mica”)  in  tiny  scales  is  disseminated  through  the 
Granite  in  small  quantity. 

Magnesian  Mica , a brown,  brownish-black,  and  black  variety,  is 
disseminated  in  tiny  scales  through  the  altered  forms  of  Dioryte 
and  Chloritic  Gneiss,  in  association  with  similar  scales  of  Chlorite. 
It  is  generally  softened  by  decomposition,  so  as  to  cut  like  Chlorite. 
There  may  possibly  be  another  Mica,  represented  by  the  black 
scales  in  the  same  rocks  ; and  one  variety  (at  the  Washington 
Mine),  distributed  in  isolated  scales,  has  been  denominated  Ottr elite 
by  Prof.  G.  J.  Brush  (Vol.  I.,  page  105). 

Orthoclase  (“  Feldspar”)  is  the  chief  constituent  of  the  Granite, 
occurring  in  coarse  reddish  masses  in  which  the  Quartz  is  some- 
times so  arranged  as  to  produce  a Graphic  Granite. 

Feldspar , of,  I suspect,  two  triclinic  varieties,  probably  Oligo- 
clase  and  Albite,  is  an  important  constituent  of  the  Diorytes  and 
Gneisses,  occurring  generally  in  small  irregular  thin  plates,  but 
sometimes  in  well-crystallized  but  tiny  prisms  (No.  344)- 

The  striation  is  not  usually  strongly  marked  or  very  common  to 
the  facets.  The  color  of  the  Feldspar  in  the  Diorytes  is  most  com- 
monly greenish-white,  while  in  the  Gneisses  it  generally  inclines  to 
grayish-white  ; though  both  colors  occur  in  both  these  classes  of 
rock.  It  has  been  generally  subjected  to  a process  of  decomposition, 
by  which  it  assumes  a flesh-red,  salmon-color,  or  deep-brownish- 
red  (whose  incipient  stages,  just  staining  the  edges  of  or  fissures  in 
the  grains,  may  be  best  studied  in  the  coarser  Gneisses,  No.  258), 
and  which  ends  in  the  production  of  Kaolin  (Nos.  227  and  244). 

In  one  Dioryte  in  which  the  Feldspar  is  greenish-white,  where 
the  texture  is  compact  and  fine-grained  (No.  318),  veins  occur  of 
almost  pure  Feldspar,  which  resemble  Orthoclase  in  color  and 
general  appearance,  but  contain  many  drusy  geodes  in  which  char- 


MINERAL  OGICAL  NOTES. 


195 


acteristic  crystals  of  some  triclinic  variety  may  be  distinguished. 
On  the  North  shore  of  Lake  Angeline,  Sect.  10 — T.47 — R.  27,  small 
veins  occur,  in  a coarse  Dioryte,  of  an  aggregate  of  milky  Quartz, 
bunches  of  minute  scales  of  Green  Chlorite,  Micaceous-Iron,  and 
an  imperfectly  crystallized  Feldspar,  from  which  geodes  may  be 
obtained  sometimes  containing  fair  crystals  of  the  latter.  Men- 
tion has  already  been  made  of  a purplish  Feldspar,  in  radiating 
plates,  which  occurred,  associated  with  green  Quartz,  in  a seam 
through  Amphibolyte  (No.  319). 

Between  Forestville  and  Palmer’s  Saw-Mill  is  a ledge  of  Green- 
stone, by  the  roadside,  traversed  by  many  veins  of  a Feldspar, 
from  which  geodes,  containing  good  crystals,  were  procured.  Simi- 
lar veins  were  noticed  in  the  Talcose  Schists  near  Palmer’s  Saw- 
Mill,  and  in  those  on  the  Lake  Shore  near  the  mouth  of  Chocolate 
River,  being  there  associated  with  Epidote,  Calcite,  and  Quartz. 

Tourmaline  is  said,  by  Dr.  Houghton  (Appendix  E),  to  occur  at 
the  mouth  of  Dead  River  in  **  beautiful  specimens  in  small  quan- 
tities.” 

Andalusite , of  a pink  color  and  coarsely-fibrous  structure,  is  dis- 
seminated in  some  abundance  through  Mica-Schist,  often  in  asso- 
ciation with  Staurolite.  It  occurs  in  imperfect  crystals  or  crystalline 
masses,  whose  bright  color  contrasts  well  with  the  dark  matrix. 
Fine  specimens,  an  inch  or  more  in  length,  are  said  to  occur  in  the 
collection  at  the  State  University,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

Staurolite  (“  Cross-stone  ”)  is  abundantly  disseminated  through 
Mica-Schist  (No.  301)  in  blackish-brown,  perfect  crystals,  sometim*es 
in  twins,  less  than  an  inch  in  length,  often  associated  with  Andalu- 
site. 

Talc  (“  Soapstone”)  is  disseminated  through  certain  Schists  of 
rather  uncommon  occurrence  (Nos.  53,  54,  74,  etc.),  generally  in 
association  with  Chlorite,  but  always  in  minute  scales  or  films,  of 
no  particular  interest  as  specimens.  The  only  exception,  to  my 
knowledge,  is  on  the  North  side  of  the  West  end  of  Moss  Mountain 
(N.  E.  qr.  of  Sect,  n — T.  47 — R.  27),  where  some  seams  of  quite 
pure  Talc  occur  in  Talcose  Schist,  part  of  which  is  indurated  into  a 


196 


MINER ALO GIC A L NOTES. 


kind  of  greenstone.  The  Steatite  which  is  also  said  to  occur  North 
of  Teal  Lake  is  probably  a similar  indurated  Talcose  Rock.  Dr. 
Credner  mentions  a “ Talcose  rock,  consisting  only  of  fibrous  Talc, 
which  forms  a kind  of  soapstone  ” at  the  Upper  and  the  Little  Be- 
quenesec  Falls  (T.  39 — R.  30);  also  the  occurrence  of  Laumontite 
and  Quartz  in  a Talcose  Slate  at  the  latter  Falls. 

Serpentine  occurs  in  tiny  films  and  seams,  through  an  altered 
Magnesian  Dioryte  (No.  322),  especially  at  Presqu’isle  ; but  no  good 
specimens  of  the  pure  mineral  have  been  found. 

Certain  bright  green  films  in  this  rock  were  found  by  T.  S.  Hunt 
to  contain  Chromium,  so  that  Chromite  and  other  allied  minerals 
may  yet  be  found. 

Kaolin  is  very  generally  distributed  in  small  white  masses,  having 
a soapy  feel,  sometimes  in  lumps  as  large  as  a hen’s  egg.  It  is 
most  abundant  in  certain  Ochre-Schists  (No.  244)  at  the  Marquette 
Mine,  etc.,  imparting  to  them  shiny  surfaces  and  greasy  feel,  and 
the  association  of  these  layers  and  seams  of  aggregated  Ochre  and 
Kaolin,  with  Chloritic  Schists  at  the  Lake  Superior  Mine,  suggests 
that  they  are  probably  derived  from  the  decomposition  of  the  latter. 
It  is  very  commonly  distributed  in  small  particles  through  certain 
schists  (No.  227)  and  the  Silurian  Sandstones.  In  the  latter  in- 
stances the  particles  often  retain  a rectangular  form,  suggesting  the 
fragments  of  Feldspar  from  which  this  mineral  has  always  been 
derived. 

Chlorite  is  one  of  the  most  common  minerals,  both  in  the  altered 
Diorytes,  and  the  Gneisses,  Schists,  etc.,  already  described.  There 
is  no  difficulty  in  obtaining  specimens  of  the  pure  mineral  in  bunches 
made  up  of  tiny  scales,  associated  with  Feldspar  and  Quartz  (see 
Feldspar).  A coarse  seam,  made  up  of  large  blackish-green  plates, 
resembling  Chloritoid,  was  also  observed  at  one  locality  on  the 
edge  of  the  Granite  region,  but  crystals  are  very  rare  and  minute. 

Calcite  (“  Calc-Spar”)  is  mentioned  by  Foster  and  Whitney  as 
having  been  found  in  good  crystals  at  Presqu’isle  and  forms  abun- 
dant seams  through  one  rock  there  (No.  242). 

Elsewhere  it  has  been  observed  only  as  crusts  on  calcareous  al- 


MIN  ERA  L O GICA  L NOTES.  1 97 

tered  Diorytes  (near  Marquette),  on  calcareous  Chloritic  Schist 
(North  shore  of  Teal  Lake),  etc. 

Dolomite  is  distributed  in  flesh-colored  rhombs,  to  1 inch  in 
diameter,  through  some  parts  of  the  siliceous  Dolomite-Marbles, 
sometimes  contrasting  finely  with  the  lighter-colored  rock  (No.  109). 

In  other  localities  small  geodes  occur,  lined  with  small  rhombs  of 
white  Dolomite  (No.  104). 

Siderite  (“  Spathic  Iron  ”)  is  disseminated  in  concretionary  films 
through  a Limestone  already  described  (No.  101),  and  also  in  small 
bunches  in  a boulder  (No.  189)  whose  origin  is  unknown  ; but  not 
in  specimens  worthy  of  notice. 

A few  specimens,  of  perhaps  other  minerals,  as  yet  await  identi- 
fication— one  of  which  bears  a resemblance  to  Vesuvianite  (No. 
147),  while  another  occurs,  in  some  abundance,  near  Negaunee,  in 
veins  associated  with  Quartz,  Epidote,  and  crystallized  Feldspar. 


APPENDIX  B. 


LITHOLOGY. 

BY 


T.  B.  BROOKS  and  A.  A.  JULIEN. 


APPENDIX  B. 


CATALOGUE  of  the  Michigan  State  Collection  of  Huronian  Rocks 
and  associated  ores  of  the  Iron-Region  of  Lake  Superior,  num- 
bered i to  ioo. 

Duplicate  suites  have  been  forwarded  to  the  following  institutions 
and  individuals  without  charge  : 

University  of  Michigan,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

Michigan  State  Library,  Lansing,  Mich. 

State  Agricultural  College,  Lansing,  Mich. 

Hillsdale  College,  Hillsdale,  Mich. 

Kalamazoo  College,  Kalamazoo,  Mich. 

Adrian  College,  Adrian,  Mich. 

Albion  College,  Albion,  Mich. 

Olivet  College,  Olivet,  Mich. 

Boston  Institute  of  Technology,  Boston,  Mass. 

Harvard  University,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

School  of  Mines,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
School  of  Mines,  Columbia  College,  New  York. 

Union  College,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

Smithsonian  Institute,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Sheffield  Scientific  School,  Yale  College,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
Stevens  Institute,  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

Washington  University,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

The  State  Cabinet,  Madison,  Wis. 

Royal  School  of  Mines,  Stockholm,  Sweden. 

Royal  School  of  Mines,  Freiberg,  Saxony. 

Museum  of  Practical  Geology,  London,  England. 

United  States  Military  Academy,  West  Point,  N.  Y. 

Prof.  Raphael  Pumpelly,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

A.  R.  Marvin,  Esq.,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Alexis  A.  Julien,  Esq.,  School  of  Mines,  New  York. 

J.  Blodget  Britton,  Esq.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

A few  suites  are  still  undistributed. 


202 


APPENDIX  B. 


[The  following  descriptions  (except  the  numbers  in  Roman  nume- 
rals of  the  Huronian  formation  to  which  the  specimen  belongs, 
the  locality,  popular  or  provisional  name  in  brackets,  and  the  ap- 
proximate specific  gravities)  are  by  Mr.  Julien  ; and  the  references 
to  specimens  by  numbers  are  all  to  his  descriptions  contained  in 
Appendix  A.  Chap.  X.,  Vol.  I.,  contains  analyses  of  all  the  ores. 
Specimens  numbered  I,  4,  14,  60,  62,  and  82  to  100,  both  inclu- 
sive, are  wanting  in  the  suites  : these  varieties  of  rock  were  of 
least  importance  for  the  purposes  of  this  report,  and  in  some  in- 
stances would  have  been  obtained  with  great  difficulty.  It  is  be- 
lieved that  Mr.  Julien’s  very  minute  descriptions,  in  Appendix  A, 
of  specimens  from  my  private  collection,  identical  with  those  want- 
ing here,  will  cause  their  omission  not  to  be  seriously  felt. — T.  B. 
Brooks.] 

No.  1. — Talcose  Quartz-schist.  See  No.  150. 

No.  2. — Below  Formation  V.  Martite-Schist,  from  Clarksburgh. 
Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from  4.12  to  4.39;  average  4.21. 
Pseudomorphous  after  Magnetite.  Rather  fine-grained.  Many 
octahedra,  more  or  less  sharply  defined.  Slightly  magnetic.  Many 
cavities  containing  more  or  less  Kaolin.  No  distinct  lamina- 
tion. Resembles  No.  239,  but  differs  in  its  cellular  structure 
and  Kaolin. 

No.  3. — Below  Formation  II.  or  III.  Brownish  Chloritic  Gneiss, 
from  S.  W.  y Sect.  30 — T.  48 — R.  28.  Specific  gravity  of  5 
pieces  varied  from  2.65  to  2.76;  average  2.70.  Feldspar  light- 
brown,  and  with  good  cleavage  and  lustre.  Seams  of  Chlorite. 
Lamination  not  very  distinct.  Differs  from  No.  276  chiefly  in  the 
color  of  Feldspar. 

No.  4. — Schalstone.  See  No.  338. 

No.  5. — Below  Formation  V.  Fine-grained  Hematite-Schist 
(red  specular  ore),  from  West-end  Mine,  Cascade.  Specific  gravity 
of  8 specimens  varied  from  4.40  to  4.94;  average  4.72.  Mostly 
very  fine-grained,  with  thin  bands  full  of  ill-defined  octahedra. 
Slightly  magnetic,  but  more  than  No.  2.  Structure  decidedly 
schistose,  almost  slaty.  Little  lustre.  A variety  of  No.  240. 

No.  6. — Below  Formation  V.  Granuliferous  Specular-Iron 
Schist  (Bird’s-eye  ore),  from  Bagaley  Mine,  Cascade.  Specific 
gravity  of  6 pieces  varied  from  3.61  to  3.90;  average  3.74.  Chiefly 


APPENDIX  B. 


203 


made  up  of  exceedingly  minute  scales  of  Micaceous-Iron.  Perhaps 
one-twentieth  of  its  bulk  consists  of  imperfectly  crystallized  and 
decomposed  Garnets  (?),  inch  in  diameter.  Allied  to  No. 
237- 

No.  7. — Formation  IV.  Red  Feldspathic  Gneiss,  100  yards 
north  of  West-end  Mine,  Cascade.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces 
varied  from  2.53  to  2.62;  average  2.57.  Chiefly  red  cleavable 
Orthoclase.  A very  little  white  Mica.  Quartz  in  parallel  flakes. 
No  allies. 

No.  8. — Formation  V. — Brownish-gray  Quartzyte  (Lower  Quartz  - 
yte),  Republic  Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from 
2.65  to  2.71  ; average  2.67.  Fine-grained.  Quartz,  brownish-gray. 
Many  specks  of  Ochre.  Differs  from  No.  129  only  in  greater  pro- 
portion of  brownish  Ochre. 

No.  9. — Formation  V. — Mottled  Pink  Dolomite-Marble  (marble), 
from  Chocolate  Quarry,  L.  S.  Specific  gravity  of  4 pieces  varied 
from  2.80  to  3.06;  average  2.88.  Very  fine-grained.  Blackish- 
brown  streaks  and  spots.  A Quartz  vein.  Resembles  No.  106, 
differing  in  grain. 

No.  10. — Formation  V. — Mottled  Chloritic  Schist  (clay  slate), 
from  Chocolate  Quarry,  L.  S.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied 
from  2.73  to  2.81  ; average  2.77.  Blackish-green  and  light  cho- 
colate. Almost  slaty.  Resembles  Nos.  182  and  183  (829),  and  also 
No.  192  in  its  character  as  a transition  from  Chloritic  Schist  to 
Argillyte. 

No.  11. — Formation  V. — Salmon-colored  Dolomite  (marble), 
Morgan  Furnace  Quarry.  Specific  gravity  of  8 pieces  varied  from 
2.78  to  2.87  ; average  2.82.  Chiefly  made  up  of  the  mineral,  Do- 
lomite, in  large  masses,  with  fine  cleavage  and  lustre.  Many  fine- 
grained gray  veins.  An  unusual  form  of  Nos.  108,  109,  etc. 

No.  12. — Formation  V. — Mottled  Feldspathic  Argillyte  (clay 
slate),  from  Morgan  Furnace  Quarry.  Specific  gravity  of  9 pieces 
from  2.71  to  2.88  ; average  2.80.  Blackish  and  reddish-brown. 
Weathers  reddish-gray.  Like  No.  191. 

No.  13. — Formation  V. — Talcose  Siliceous  Schist  (Novaculite), 
from  Whetstone  Quarry,  Teal  Lake.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces 
varied  from  2.71  to  2.78  ; average  2.73.  Ash-gray  to  brownish- 
gray  on  fracture,  greenish  on  cleavage-surface.  Like  No.  161,  but 
less  fissile. 


204 


APPENDIX  B. 


No.  14. — Formation  V. — Talco-Siliceous  Dolomite,  from  Lake 
Fairbanks’s  Kilns.  Like  Nos.  no  and  in  (800). 

No.  15. — Formation  VI. — Magnetic  Quartz-Schist,  from  Repub- 
lic Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from  3.13  to  3.42  ; 
average  3.29.  Fine-grained.  Grayish-black.  Quartz,  Magnet- 
ite, and  a chloritic  Mica.  Resembles  the  dark  layers  of  Nos.  15 1 
and  153. 

No.  16. — Formation  VI. — Micaceous-Iron  Quartz-Schist,  from 
Cannon,  Sect.  28 — T.  4 7 — R.  30.  Specific  gravity  of  6 pieces  varied 
from  2.92  to  3.42  ; average  3.16.  Fine-grained.  Reddish-gray. 
Quartz,  Micaceous-Iron,  and  Magnetite.  Structure  inclining  to 
slaty.  Seams  covered  with  Micaceous-Iron.  Differs  very  slightly 
from  Nos.  32  and  33. 

No.  17. — Formation  VI. — Actinolitic  Magnetite-Schist  (magnetic 
ore),  from  Magnetic  Mine,  Sect.  20 — T.  47 — R.  30.  Specific  gravity 
of  4 pieces  varied  from  4.15  to  4.51  ; average  4.36.  Alternate 
fine-grained  and  crypto-crystalline  laminae.  Thin  seams  of  al- 
tered Actinolite.  Allied  to  No.  228,  with  Actinolite  in  place  of 
Chlorite. 

No.  18. — Formation  VII. — Coarse  Altered  Dioryte,  from  Re- 
public Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from  2.94  to  3.08  ; 
average  3.03.  Greenish-black,  speckled  with  gray.  Semi-porphyr- 
itic.  Contains  a little  Chlorite  and  brown  Mica;  resembles  No. 
303. 

No.  19. — Formation  VIII. — Magnetic  Quartz-Schist,  from  Re- 
public Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from  3.46  to  3.57  ; 
average  3.51.  Fine-grained.  Quartz,  Magnetite,  and  perhaps 
Mica.  Almost  slaty.  Resembles  No.  233  in  texture  and  general 
appearance. 

No.  20. — Formation  VIII. — Banded  Argillyte-Slate  (clay  slate), 
from  R.  R.  Cut,  E.  of  Negaunee  and  Teal  Lake.  Specific  gravity 
of  5 pieces  varied  from  2.67  to  2.71  ; average  2.69.  Cleavage  across 
stratification.  Like  No.  221  (983)  in  material  and  texture,  and  be- 
tween Nos.  191  and  221  (983)  in  color. 

No.  21. — Formation  VIII. — Fine-Grained  Greenish  Quartzyte, 
from  N.  W.  end  of  Lake  Fairbanks.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces 
varied  from  2.64  to  2.69  ; average  2.66.  Slightly  mottled  with 
reddish-brown.  Like  No.  126,  but  with  grains  less  distinct. 

No.  22. — Formation  IX. — Micaceous  Altered  Dioryte,  from  Re- 


APPENDIX  B. 


205 


public  Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from  2.96  to  3.05*; 
average  2.99.  Black,  speckled  with  gray.  Contains  much  brown- 
ish-gray Mica,  especially  conspicuous  on  the  weathered  surface. 
Resembles  No.  303,  but  is  much  more  micaceous ; also  like 
No.  18. 

No.  23. — Formation  X. — Magnetic  Quartz-Slate  (magnetic  schist), 
from  Republic  Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  4 pieces  varied  from  3.73 
to  3.86;  average  3.79.  Resembles  No.  19.  One  thin  seam  occurs, 
containing  many  minute  Garnets. 

No.  24. — Formation  X. — Manganiferous  Ochrey  Hematite.  Spe- 
cific gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from  3.10  to  3.54;  average  3.28. 
Thin  seams  and  bunches  of  Pyrolusite  and  Quartz.  Tiny  bunches 
of  Kaolin. 

No.  25. — Formation  X. — Disintegrated  Ochrey  Hematite  (Hema- 
tite ore),  from  Rolling  Mill  Mine,  Negaunee.  A coarse  angular 
gravel.  Minute  crystalline  scales  of  Pyrolusite  more  abundant  than 
in  No.  24. 

No.  26. — Formation  X.  Banded  Limonitic  Quartz-Schist  (Foster 
Rock),  from  Foster  Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from 
2.80  to  2.99;  average  2.88.  Grayish-brown  Quartzyte  with  thinner 
layers  of  brownish-black  Limonite  ; allied  to  No.  156. 

No.  2 7. — Formation  X.  Brown  Anthophyllite-Schist,  from  Wash- 
ington Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from  3.44  to  3.62  ; 
average  3.52.  Many  minute  black  scales  of  Magnetite.  Banded. 
Like  No.  174. 

No.  28. — Formation  X.  Green  Feldspathic  Argillyte,  from  N. 
W.  end  of  Lake  Fairbanks.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from 
293  to  3.17;  average  3.08.  A crypto-crystalline  schist  appa- 
rently made  up  of  Feldspar,  Chlorite,  and  a little  Pyrite.  Similar 
in  texture  to  No.  209,  but  partly  decomposed  by  weathering. 

No.  29. — Formation  XI.  Black  Dioryte-Schist,  from  Republic 
Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from  2.98  to  3.05  ; aver- 
age  3.02.  No  traces  of  alteration.  Decidedly  schistose.  Allied 
to  Nos.  328  and  329,  but  their  structure  is  granular,  while  in  this 
the  generally  parallel  arrangement  of  the  blades  of  Amphibole  pro- 
duces a fibrous  structure. 

No.  30. — Formation  XI.  Coarse  Black  Dioryte,  from  Republic 
Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  4 pieces  varied  from  2.74  to  3.04  ; aver- 
age 2.92.  Like  Nos.  18  and  22.  Greenish-black.  Few  traces 


20  6 


APPENDIX  P. 


6f  alteration ; perhaps  a little  Chlorite.  Resembles  Nos.  303  and 
306. 

No.  31. — Formation  IX.  Black  Micaceous  Greenstone-Schist, 
from  south  of  and  under  Grand  Central  ore  deposit.  Specific  grav- 
ity of  5 pieces  varied  from  2.78  to  2.82  ; average  2.79.  Almost 
aphanitic.  Much  Mica  in  minute  scales,  which  have  a coppery 
color  on  the  cleavage  planes.  A little  Chlorite.  Allied  to  Nos.  335 
and  336,  but  differing  especially  in  finer  grain  and  more  irregular 
structure. 

No.  32. — Formation  XII.  Micaceous-Iron  Quartz-Schist  (Jasper), 
from  Republic  Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  4 pieces  varied  from  3.09 
to  3.80;  average  3.45.  Very  fine-grained.  Grayish-white  and 
smoky  Quartz  and  scales  of  Micaceous-Iron.  A few  thin  quartzose 
layers.  Allied  to  No.  172,  but  with  coarser  and  unbroken  Quartz- 
layers. 

No.  33. — Formation  XII.  Micaceous-Iron  Quartz  Schist  [band- 
ed] (Jasper  Schist),  from  Michigamme  Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  5 
pieces  varied  from  3.09  to  3.50  ; average  3.23.  Alternations  of  lay- 
ers in  which  reddish-gray  Quartz  or  Micaceous-Iron  predominates. 
Exactly  like  No.  152  to  the  eye,  but  the  black  layers  are  pseudo- 
morphous  after  Magnetite. 

No.  34. — Formation  XII.  Disintegrated  Ochrey  Hematite  (He- 
matite), from  Lake  Superior  Mine.  A gravel  made  up  of  angular 
fragments  of  brownish-red  Hematite,  mostly  of  the  size  of  peas  ; a 
disintegrated  variety  of  a common  earthy  Hematite. 

No.  35. — Formation  XII.  Ochrey  Hematite-Schist  (Hematite), 
from  Winthrop  Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  4 pieces  varied  from  2.69 
to  3.09  ; average  2.82.  Fracture  earthy,  and  adheres  strongly  to 
the  tongue.  Cleavage-surfaces  shining.  An  ordinary  variety  of 
Hematite. 

No.  36. — Formation  XIII.  Micaceous-Iron  Quartz-Slate  (mixed 
or  2d  class  ore),  from  Republic  Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces 
varied  from  3.41  to  3.88  ; average  3.66.  Many  scales  are  trian- 
gular. Like  No.  32. 

No.  37. — Formation  XIII.  Micaceous-Iron  Quartz-Schist  (2d. 
class  ore),  from  Lake  Superior  Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces 
varied  from  3.31  to  3.98  ; average  3.63.  Quartzose  layers  broken 
up  and  irregular.  Large  folia  of  Micaceous-Iron.  Allied  to  No. 
172,  but  with  coarser  Quartz-layers. 


APPENDIX  B. 


207 


No.  38. — Formation  XIII.  Specular-Iron  Schist,  from  Lake  An- 
geline  Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  4 pieces  varied  from  4.47  to  4.96  ; 
average  4.68.  Many  minute  octahedra.  Allied  to  No.  237. 

No.  39. — Formation  XIII.  Granular  Magnetite  (magnetic  ore), 
from  Republic  Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from  4.98 
to  5.01  ; average  4.99.  Grayish-black.  Grains  nearly  as  large  as 
mustard-seed.  Slightly  resembles  No.  229,  without  its  structure 
and  fineness  of  grain. 

No.  40. — ^Formation  XIII.  Soft  Fine-Grained  Magnetite  (mag- 
netic ore),  from  Spurr  Mountain.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied 
from  4-^4  to  4.87  ; average  4.74.  Brownish-black.  Resembles 
No.  229,  but  differs  in  color  and  structure. 

No.  41. — Formation  XIII.  Hard  Fine-Grained  Magnetite  (mag- 
netic ore),  from  Michigamme  Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces, 
varied  from  4.72  to  4.97  ; average  4.84.  Blackish-brown.  Like 
No.  40. 

No.  42. — Formation  XIII.  Compact  Magnetite-Schist  (Slate 
ore),  from  Edwards  Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  4 pieces  varied  from 

4.86  to  4.95  ; average  4.91.  Blackish-brown.  Much  of  this  ore 
is  crypto-crystalline.  A few  thin  greenish  films  of  Chlorite.  Allied 
to  No.  228,  but  differs  chiefly  in  color  and  a less  slaty  structure. 

No.  43. — Formation  XIII.  Chloritic  Magnetic  Hematite-Schist 
(Granular  green  specular  ore),  from  New  York  Mine.  Specific 
gravity  of  4 pieces  varied  from  4.01  to  4.40  ; average  4.18.  Compact 
like  No.  42,  and  containing  more  Chlorite.  Many  minute  octahedra. 
Perhaps  schistose.  A transition  variety  between  Nos.  228  and 
239- 

No.  44. — P'ormation  XIII.  Kaolinic  Hematite-Schist  (specular 
ore),  from  Cleveland  Mine,  School-house  opening.  Specific  gravity 
of  5 pieces  varied  from  4.54  to  4.69  ; average  4.59.  Very  fine- 
grained. Brownish-black,  speckled  minutely  with  grayish-white. 
An  ordinary  variety,  allied  to  No.  2. 

No.  45. — Formation  XIII.  Specular-Iron  Schist  (steely  specular 
ore),  from  Jackson  Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from 

4.87  to  5.23  ; average  5.07.  Blackish-brown.  Allied  to  No.  237. 

No.  46. — P'ormation  XIII.  Micaceous-Iron  Schist  (specular  slate 

ore),  from  Republic  Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  4 pieces  varied  from 
5.09  to  5.56  ; average  5.24.  Structure  inclining  to  slaty.  Slightly 
magnetic.  An  ordinary  variety. 


20  8 


APPENDIX  B. 


No.  47. — Specular-Iron  Schist  (specular  slate  ore),  from  Jackson 
Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  4 pieces  varied  from  5.1 1 to  5.14;  ave- 
rage 5.12.  Very  fissile,  this  cleavage  crossing  the  stratification  at 
a high  angle.  Allied  to  No.  237. 

No.  48. — -Granular  Specular-Iron  Schist  (specular  slate  ore),  from 
Lake  Superior  Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from  4.79 
to  5.31  ; average  5.04.  Thin  folia  approaching  Micaceous-Iron. 
Many  tiny  granules  of  red  Ochre  disseminated  throughout,  perhaps 
derived  from  Martite.  Allied  to  No.  237,  but  differs  in  the  granules 
and  higher  lustre. 

No.  49. — Micaceous-Iron  Schist  (slate  ore),  from  Champion 
Mine,  No.  4 shaft.  Specific  gravity  of  8 pieces  varied  from 
4.42  to  5.00 ; average  4.70.  Tiny  scales.  Slightly  magnetic. 
Like  No.  46. 

No.  50. — Formation  XIV.  Gray  Ferruginous  Quartzyte  (Upper 
Quartzite),  from  Republic  Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied 
from  2.74  to  3.03;  average  2.82.  Many  minute  scales  of  Micaceous- 
Iron.  Differs  from  No.  21,  chiefly  in  the  black  scales. 

No.  51. — Micaceous  Conglomerate-Schist  (conglomerate),  from 
Washington  Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from  2.66  to 
2.70;  average  2.69.  Many  films  of  brownish-gray  Mica  envelop- 
ing nodules  of  Quartz.  Resembles  No.  122,  but  differs  in  the  Mica 
and  its  less  abundance. 

No.  52. — Arenaceous  Magnetic  Quartz-Schist,  from  Michigamme 
Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  4 pieces  varied  from  2.89  to  3.08 ; average 
2.98.  Minute  granules  of  white  Quartz  and  Magnetite.  Loosely 
aggregated  bunches  of  the  former.  The  arenaceous  Quartz  is  like 
that  of  No.  358. 

No.  53. — Formation  XIII.  Grayish-green  Talc-Schist,  from 
Republic  Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from  3.00  to 
3.30  ; average  3.09.  Chiefly  made  up  of  Talc,  in  minute  scales. 
Differs  from  No.  226,  chiefly  in  deeper  color  and  greater  compact- 
ness. 

No.  54. — Formation  XIII.  Brownish  magnetic  Talc-Schist, 
from  Old  Washington  Mine.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied 
from  2.75  to  2.84;  average  2.78.  Talc  in  corrugated  folia.  A 
few  crystals  of  Magnetite,  and  slightly  magnetic.  Almost  slaty. 
Resembles  No.  81,  but  differs  in  color  and  greater  coarseness. 

No.  55. — Formation  XIII.  Gray  Feldspathic  Argillyte,  from 


APPENDIX  B. 


209 


Barnum  Mine,  Hanging  Wall.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied 
from  2.76  to  2.89  ; average  2.83.  Chiefly  Feldspar,  less  Mica,  and 
a little  Magnetite  and  Pyrite.  Slightly  magnetic.  Somewhat 
resembles  No.  196,  but  differs  in  its  fibrous  films  and  its  Mag- 
netite. 

No.  56. — Formation  XV.  Micaceous  Feldspathic  Argillyte, 
from  Champion  branch  R.  R.  Specific  gravity  of  4 pieces  varied 
from  2.82  to  2.89;  average  2.85.  Grayish-black.  Much  black 
Mica,  in  minute  scales  ; partly  in  brownish-gray  films.  Resembles 
Nos.  210  and  213,  but  without  their  slaty  structure. 

No.  57. — Formation  XVI.  Limonitic  Quartz-Schist  (Hematite), 
from  South  of  Champion  Kilns.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied 
from  2.70  to  3.00  ; average  2.84.  Smoky-gray  and  yellowish-brown 
ochrey  bands.  Compare  No.  157. 

No.  58. — Formation  XVII.  Grayish-green  Anthophyllite- 
Schist,  from  R.  R.  Cut,  Bi-ji-ki  River.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces 
varied  from  3.04  to  3.34;  average  3.15.  Contains  thin  layers 
coarsely  crystallized.  Compare  No.  178  (1116). 

No.  59. — Formation  XVII.  Anthophyllitic  Magnetite-Schist, 
from  Bi-ji-ki  River.  Specific  gravity  of  9 pieces  varied  from  3. 16  to 
3.60;  average  3.39.  Black  scales  of  Magnetite.  A little  Pyrite. 
Slightly  magnetic,  and  the  magnet  separates  about  40  per  cent, 
from  the  powdered  rock.  Allied  to  No.  178  (1155),  but  with  a 
much  greater  proportion  of  Magnetite. 

No.  60. — Dioryte-Greenstone  (concretionary),  Ely’s  Point,  Mar- 
quette. 

No.  61. — Formation  XIX.  Staurolitiferous  Mica-Schist  (also  con- 
taining Andalusite),  from  Island  in  Michigamme  Lake.  Like  No.  301. 
Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from  2.58  to  2.79  ; average  2.70. 

No.  62. — Green  Siliceous  Schist,  like  No.  158. 

No.  63. — Porphyritic  Chlorite-Schist,  like  No.  186. 

No.  64. — Quartzose  Carbonaceous  Slate  (Plumbago),  from  L’Anse 
Range,  Sect.  9 — T.  49 — R.  33.  Specific  gravity  of  4 pieces  varied 
from  2. 10  to  2. 17  ; average  2. 12.  Like  No.  248. 

No.  65. — Pyritiferous  Talcose  Gneiss,  from  Falls  of  Sturgeon 
River,  Sect.  8 — T.  39 — R.  29.  Specific  gravity  of  4 pieces  varied 
from  2.67  to  2.76  ; average  2.71.  Much  grayish-green  Talc,  in  thin 
seams.  A few  cubes  of  Pyrite.  Resembles  No.  298,  but  more 
bunchy  in  structure. 

14 


210 


APPENDIX  B. 


No.  66. — Greenish-gray  Fine-Grained  Dolomite-Marble,  from 
Sect.  1 1 — T.  39 — R.  29.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from 
2.79  to  2.84;  average  2.81.  Almost  crypto-crystalline  in  texture. 
Like  No.  105,  but  a little  finer. 

No.  67. — Purple  Ochrey  Hematite  (Hematite),  Breen  Mine  Ore. 
Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from  3.16  to  3.22;  average 
3.18.  A few  indistinct  fucoidal  impressions.  Color  reddish-brown, 
inclining  to  purple.  A common  variety,  but  of  unusual  color. 

No.  68. — Hematite-Schist,  irom  Sect.  11 — T.  39 — R.  29.  Specific 
gravity  of  7 pieces  varied  from  3.30  to  3.88  ; average  3.56. 
Blackish-blue,  and  almost  without  lustre.  A dull,  less  fissile  variety 
of  No.  237. 

No.  69. — Porphyritic  Speckled  Dioryte,  from  Sturgeon  Falls, 
Menominee  River.  Specific  gravity  of  9 pieces  varied  from  2.92  to 
3.03  ; average  2.98.  Fibrous  blades  of  brownish-green  Amphibole, 
about  inch  long,  and  white  compact  Feldspar;  making  a fine 
contrast.  Has  no  allies. 

No.  70. — Chloritic  Aphanyte-Schist,  from  M.  and  O.  Road 
(Gorge).  Specific  gravity  ot  9 pieces  varied  from  2.94  to  3.0 7 ; 
average  2.98.  Perhaps  derived  from  the  alteration  of  a Dioryte. 
Thin  seams  of  brown  Mica.  Resembles  No.  339,  but  is  more  de- 
cidedly chloritic. 

No.  71. — Quartzose  Chloritic  Dioryte  (Conglomeritic  Diorite), 
from  20th  mile-post,  M.  H.  & O.  Road.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces 
varied  from  2.90  to  2.93,  average  2.91.  Imperfect  crystals  of  green- 
ish-black Amphibole,  with  a high  lustre.  Much  Chlorite  in  scales 
and  films.  Slightly  resembles  Nos.  305  and  308. 

No.  72. — Speckled  Dioryte,  from  Marquette  Greenstone  Quarry. 
Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from  2.70  to  3.00 ; average  2.87. 
Finer-grained  than  No.  75,  and  with  more  alteration  in  its  two 
constituents.  Resembles  No.  309. 

No.  73. — Chlorite-Potstone  Schist,  from  Marquette  Greenstone 
Quarry.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from  2.53  to  2.68; 
average  2.60.  Much  Calcite  disseminated,  especially  in  seams  and 
bunches.  An  intermediate  variety  between  Nos.  340  and  341,  con- 
sisting chiefly  of  the  fine-grained  material  of  the  former,  enveloped 
in  broad  films  of  Chlorite. 

No.  74. — White  Talcose  Slate,  from  Grace  Furnace,  Marquette. 
Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied  from  2.60  to  2.64 ; average  2.62. 


APPENDIX  B. 


21 1 


Very  fissile.  Thin  flakes  of  Quartz,  separated  by  films  of  whitish 
Talc.  No  allies. 

No.  75. — Blackish-green  Dioryte,  from  Light-House  Point  Quarry, 
S.  E.  side.  Specific  gravity  of  8 pieces  varied  from  2.96  to  3.08  ; 
average  3.03.  A little  Epidote  in  thin  seams.  Eeldspar  greenish- 
gray,  partly  altered  to  a reddish-orange.  Somewhat  resembles 
No.  303. 

No.  76. — Quartzose  Chlorite-Schist,  from  Light-House  Point 
Quarry,  N.  W.  side,  Marquette.  Specific  gravity  of  5 pieces  varied 
from  2.92  to  3.03  ; average  2.96.  Greenish-black  Chlorite  in  con- 
tinuous films.  Almost  a slaty  structure.  Seams  of  Quartz  and  of 
Calcite.  Only  slightly  resembles  No.  182. 

No.  77. — Porphyritic  Mottled  Dioryte,  from  Pic-Nic  Rocks, 
Marquette.  Specific  gravity  of  10  specimens  varied  from  2.82  to 
3.00;  average  2.90.  Constituent  minerals  unchanged  on  the 
weathered  surface.  Same  as  No.  317. 

No.  78. — Magnesian  Altered  Dioryte  (Serpentine),  from  Presqu’- 
isle,  Lake  Superior,  N.  E.  corner.  Specific  gravity  of  8 pieces  varied 
from  2.80  to  2.92  ; average  2.86.  Many  facets  of  altered  Amphi- 
bole  conspicuous.  Resembles  No.  321,  but  is  a little  less  altered. 

No.  79. — (“  Trap”),  from  Washington  Mine.  Specific  gravity  of 
5 pieces  varied  from  2.85  to  3.01  ; average  2.93.  Much  Pyrite. 
May  be  a variety  of  the  Aphanyte,  Nos.  354  and  355,  but  much 
coarser. 

No.  80. — Reddish  Chloritic  Gneiss.  Weathers  to  yellowish-gray, 
slightly  greenish  and  reddish.  Resembles  No.  276. 

No.  81. — Bluish-black  Argillyte-Slate  (clay  state),  from  Huron 
Bay. 

No.  82. — Trappean  Dioryte.  (Nos.  347,  348,  and  349.) 

No.  83. — Green  Porphyry.  (No.  351.) 

No.  84. — Jasper-Schist.  (Nos.  166  and  167.) 

No.  85. — Jasper-Breccia.  (Nos.  124  and  125.) 

No.  86. — Talcy  Chloritic  Gneiss.  (Nos.  298  and  299.) 

No.  87. — Hornblende-Gneiss.  (Nos.  261  and  262.) 

No.  88. — Hornblende-Schist.  (No.  271.) 

No.  89. — Pseudomorphous  Chlorite-Schist.  (Nos.  179,  180,  and 
181.) 

No.  90. — Black  Gneiss.  (No.  257.) 

No.  91. — Chloritic  Argillyte.  (No.  219.) 


212 


APPENDIX  B. 


No.  92. — Chloride  Dioryte.  (No.  324.) 

No.  93. — Epidodc  Hornblende-Gneiss.  (No.  268.) 

No.  94. — Black  Dioryte- Aphanyte  (“Trap”).  (Nos.  354,  355, 
and  356.) 

No.  95. — Coarse  Red  Granite.  (No.  252.) 

No.  96. — Ferruginous  Granite.  (No.  253.) 

No.  97. — Ferruginous  Crystalline  Limestone.  (No.  101.) 

No.  98. — Chloride  Dioryte-Wacke.  (No.  325.) 

No.  99. — Brown  Wacke.  (No.  352.) 

No.  100. — Coarse  Green  Amphibolyte.  (No.  319.) 


APPENDIX  C. 


LITHOLOGY. 

BY 


CHAS.  E.  WRIGHT. 


APPENDIX  C. 


[Note. — The  numbers  given  in  the  subjoined  list  of  seventy-eight 
specimens  are  according  to  T.  B.  Brooks’s  private  collection,  and  by 
these  numbers  the  specimens  are  referred  to  in  Report,  Vol.  I.  Dupli- 
cate suites  of  the  same  rocks,  numbered  I to  78,  have  been  furnished 
to  the  State  Agricultural  College,  Lansing,  Michigan,  to  the  State 
Normal  School,  Ypsilanti,  Mich.,  to  Prof.  Sill’s  Institute,  Detroit, 
Mich.,  and  to  the  School  of  Mines,  Freiberg,  Saxony.  A duplicate 
suite,  numbered  6001  to  6078,  was  also  furnished  to  the  University 
of  Michigan  at  Ann  Arbor. 

The  correct  names  (immediately  succeeding  the  numbers)  are 
the  results  of  a microscopic  examination  of  thin  plates  made 
at  Freiberg,  Saxony,  by  Chas.  E.  Wright,  under  the  direction 
of  Professors  Von  Cotta  and  Kreischer  ; but  their  valuable  results 
were  not  received  in  time  to  be  employed  in  my  Report,  where 
the  provisional  names  (given  at  the  close  of  each  description)  only 
are  used. 

The  difficulty  of  procuring  specimens  that  shall  be  exact  dupli- 
cates may  account  for  some  of  the  differences  in  names. 

The  mounted  plates  employed  by  Mr.  Wright  in  these  investiga- 
tions were  prepared  by  him  and  are  now  in  his  possession. — T.  B. 
Brooks.] 

Specimen  No.  1001  (Freiberg  determination).  — Dark-green  Dio- 
rite,  compact  and  fine-grained,  containing  considerable  chlorite  or 
decomposed  hornblende.  The  feldspar  shows  under  the  microscope 
the  striation  of  the  twin  crystals.  On  a fresh  fracture  maybe  readily 
seen  several  small  white  spots,  owing  probably  to  the  decomposition 
of  a lime  feldspar.  It  contains  a very  little  magnetic  ore  and  pyrites 
as  accessory  minerals.  Hardness  = 4.  Streak  powder  very  pale 
green.  Spec.  gr.  = 2.78. — Formation  XI. — Location,  Pioneer 
Quarry,  Jackson  Mine. — Provisional  name  employed  in  body  of 
Report,  Chloritic  Schist. 


21 6 


APPENDIX  C. 


Sp.  No.  1002  (Freiberg  determination). — Grayish-green  Diorite, 
fine-grained,  and  containing  less  chlorite  than  No.  iooi,  but  has 
more  cleavage,  which  is  very  distinct  in  two  directions.  The  horn- 
blende in  a section  of  the  rock  under  the  microscope  appears  of  a 
leek-green  color,  and  possesses  the  dichromatic  property  only  in  a 
slight  degree.  The  feldspar  is  partially  decomposed.  Some  of  the 
feldspar  crystals  are  tinged  with  red.  The  specimen  contains  a 
little  iron  pyrites  and  magnetic  ore.  Hardness  = 4. — Streak  pow- 
der light-green  or  yellow. — Sp.  gr.  = 2.68. — Formation  XI. — Loca- 
tion, Pioneer  Quarry,  Jackson  Mine. — Provisional  name  in  body  of 
Report,  Dioritic  Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1003  (Freiberg  determination). — Compact  Diorite,  very 
similar  to  No.  1002.  Color  grayish-green.  The  crystals  are  more 
distinct  than  in  No.  1002.  The  hornblende  is  slightly  dichromatic. 
The  feldspar  is  somewhat  decomposed.  On  a fresh  fracture  can  be 
seen  several  yellow  spots  of  ochreous  iron  ore.  Magnetic  iron  ore 
and  chlorite  are  contained  as  accessories.  Hardness  = 5.  Streak 
powder  very  pale  green.  Spec.  gr.  = 2.82. — Formation  XI. — Loca- 
tion, South  of  West  part  of  Jackson  Mine. — Provisional  name  in 
Report,  Hornblendic  Diorite. 

Sp.  No.  1004. — Dark-green  Diorite.  Very  fine-grained  and  com- 
pact. In  a section  under  the  microscope  can  be  seen  crystals  of 
feldspar  and  hornblende.  Some  of  the  feldspar  crystals  show  the 
striation  plainly  and  are  probably  labradorite.  Chlorite  and  mag- 
netic ore  are  contained  as  accessories.  Hardness  = 4.5.  Streak 
powder  pale  green.  Spec.  gr.  = 2.85.— Formation  XI. — Location, 
South  of  West  part  of  Jackson  Mine. — Provisional  name  in  Report, 
Hornblendic  Diorite. 

Sp.  No.  1005. — Dark-green  Chloride  Diorite  Schist.  The  tex- 
ture is  so  fine  that  the  single  ingredients  cannot  be  seen  even  with 
a loupe.  A section  under  the  microscope  shows  an  apparent  semi- 
fluid structure,  with  a broken  and  deranged  appearance.  With  a 
power  of  100  diameters  no  crystals  can  be  seen.  Certain  portions 
of  the  light-green  amphibolitic  mineral  not  only  possess  the  pro- 
perty of  polarizing  the  light,  but  are  also  dichromatic.  It  contains  a 
little  magnetic  ore  and  pyrites.  Hardness  = 3.5.  Streak  powder 


APPENDIX  C. 


21 7 


pale  green.  Spec.  gr.  = 2.68. — Formation  XI. — Location,  South- 
west part  of  Jackson  Mine. — Provisional  name  used  in  Report, 
Chloritic  Schist. 

Sp.  No.  ioo 6. — Fine-grained  Dioritic  Schist.  Partially  decom- 
posed and  contains  considerable  chlorite  and  clay.  Hardness  = 3. 
Streak  powder  light-green.  Spec.  gr.  = 2.82. — Formation  XI. — 
Location,  South-west  part  of  Jackson  Mine. — Provisional  name  in 
body  of  Report,  Chloritic  Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1007. — Grayish-green  Diorite.  On  a fresh  fracture  the 
cleavage  planes  of  the  hornblende  may  be  seen.  The  grains  or 
crystals  of  the  feldspar  are  too  small  to  be  recognized  even  with  a 
good  loupe.  Examined  under  microscope  striated  feldspar  can 
be  seen.  The  hornblende  possesses  the  dichromatic  property 
very  distinctly.  The  rock  contains  a few  crystals  of  actinolite  and 
grains  of  magnetic  ore.  Hardness  = 5.  Streak  powder  pale  yel- 
low. Spec.  gr.  =3. — Formation  XI. — Location,  N.  E.  corner  Sect. 
1 — T.  47 — R.  27,  or  N.  W.  corner  Sect.  6 — T.  47 — R.  26. — Pro- 
visional name  used  in  Report,  Diorite. 

Sp.  No.  1008. — Dark-green  Diorite.  The  cleavage  planes  of  the 
hornblende  can  be  seen  with  the  unaided  eye.  On  a weathered 
surface  the  feldspar  is  very  much  decomposed  and  worn  away,  leav- 
ing the  crystals  of  the  hornblende  very  prominent.  Under  the 
microscope  it  may  be  readily  seen  that  the  percentage  of  the  am- 
phibole  exceeds  that  of  the  feldspar.  Needles  of  actinolite  are  dis- 
seminated through  the  rock.  It  contains  a few  crystals  of  magnetic 
ore  and  pyrites.  Hardness  = 4.5.  Streak  powder  greenish-white. 
Spec.  gr.  = 2.91. — Formation  XI. — Location,  N.  E.  corner  Sect. 
1 — T.  47 — R.  27,  or  N.  W.  corner  Sect.  6 — T.  47 — R.  26.— Pro- 
visional name  used  in  Report,  Diorite. 

Sp.  1009. — Fine-Grained  Diorite.  Color  grayish  green.  This 
is  a tough  rock,  in  which  the  single  minerals  are  not  visible  to  the 
naked  eye.  A weathered  surface  shows  but  little  decomposition  of 
the  feldspar.  With  the  microscope  the  amphibole  and  feldspar 
appear  to  be  about  equally  divided.  The  accessory  minerals  are 
pyrites  and  magnetic  ore.  Hardness  = 5.  Streak  powder  nearly 


2 1 8 


APPENDIX  C. 


white.  Spec.  gr.  = 2.90. — Formation  XI. — Location,  N.  E.  corner 
Sect.  1 — T.  47 — R.  27,  or  N.  W.  corner  Sect.  6 — T.  47 — R.  26. — 
Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Diorite. 

Sp.  No.  1010. — Same  as  1009,  except  specific  gravity,  which  is 
2.77. — Formation  XI.— Location  N.W.  y of  N.W.  y Sect.  7 — T. 
47 — R.  26. — Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Diorite. 

Sp.  No.  ion. — Aphanite  or  very  fine-grained  Diorite.  The 
texture  resembles  a compact,  dark-colored  limestone.  Under  the 
microscope  a power  of  100  diameters  is  hardly  sufficient  to  resolve 
the  apparently  homogeneous  ground  mass,  but  with  a power  of  400 
diameters  the  amphibole  is  seen  to  consist  of  hornblende  in  broken 
crystals,  and  small  needles  of  actinolite,  that  are  closely  interwoven 
through  the  entire  rock,  giving  it  a grayish-green  color.  Hard- 
ness = 5-  Streak  nearly  white.  Spec.  gr.  = 2.90. — Formation  XI. 
— Location,  N.  W.  y of  N.  W.  y of  Sect.  7 — T.  47 — R.  26. — 
Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Diorite  (compact). 

Sp.  No.  1012. — Grayish  Diorite.  Having  an  open  texture  with 
dark-green  spots,  resembling  very  much  a Diabase.  Under  the 
microscope  can  be  seen  crystals  of  a double  striated  feldspar,  very 
similar  to  labradorite  ; also  sections  of  crystals  corresponding  to 
augite.  This  would  seem  to  confirm  the  supposition  of  its  being  a 
Diabase  : the  unmistakable  dichroism  of  the  hornblende  deter- 
mines it  as  a Diorite.  It  is  possible  that  a Diabase  may  be  found 
either  above  or  below  this.  As  accessories  may  be  considered  (au- 
gite, labradorite)  magnetic  ore  and  pyrites.  Hardness  = 5.  Streak 
nearly  white.  Spec.  gr.  = 3.00. — Formation  XI. — Location,  N.W. 
y of  N.  W.  y Sect.  7 — T.  47 — R.  26. — Provisional  name  used  in 
Report,  Diorite. 

Sp.  No.  1013. — Dark-green  Diorite.  The  cleavage  planes  of  the 
hornblende  are  quite  distinct.  Under  the  microscope  the  horn- 
blende and  feldspar  appear  to  be  about  equally  divided.  The  crys- 
tals of  hornblende  are  checked  or  striated  parallel  to  the  principal 
axis.  Dr.  Zirkel,  in  his  work  on  Basaltic  Rock,  1870,  considers 
this  one  of  the  best  characteristics  for  hornblende  in  distinguishing 
it  from  augite.  Striated  crystals  of  hornblende  appear  to  possess  a 


APPENDIX  C. 


219 


stronger  dichromatic  power  than  plain  ones.  The  feldspar  shows 
no  striation.  It  contains  a very  little  pyrites.  Hardness  = 5-5- 
Streak  powder  pale  green.  Spec.  gr.  = 2.91. — Formation  XI. — 
Location,  N.  W.  ^ of  N.  W.  % Sect.  7 — T.  47 — R.  26. — Pro- 
visional name  used  in  Report,  Diorite. 

Sp.  No.  1014. — Light-green  Diorite.  Under  the  microscope  the 
crystals  of  hornblende  and  feldspar  are  very  indistinct.  The  horn- 
blende is  very  light-colored  and  is  but  slightly  dichromatic.  It 
contains  as  accessories  chlorite  and  magnetic  ore.  Hardness  =5.5. 
Streak  powder  nearly  white.  Spec.  gr.  =2.81. — Formation  IX. 
— Location,  N.W.  of  N.  W.  of  Sect.  7 — T.  47 — R.  26. — Pro- 
visional name  used  in  Report,  Diorite.. 

Sp.  No.  1015. — Chloritic  Schist.  This  is  a very  dark-green 
colored  specimen,  composed  principally  of  chlorite,  feldspar  and 
hornblende.  With  the  microscope  can  be  detected  a few  grains  of 
quartz,  and  leaves  of  mica.  Flardness  = 4.  Streak  pale-green. 
Spec.  gr.  = 2.68. — Formation  XI. — Location,  Pioneer  Quarry,  E. 
of  Negaunee,  Sect.  6 — T.  47 — R.  26. — Provisional  name  used  in 
Report,  Chloritic  Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1016. — Grayish-green  Diorite  or  Dioritic  Schist.  Under 
the  microscope  it  appears  very  similar  to  No.  1004.  Hardness  = 
4.5.  Streak  powder  pale-green.  Spec.  gr.  = 2.82. — Formation 
XI. — Location,  Pioneer  Quarry,  E.  of  Negaunee,  Sect.  6 — T.  47 
— R.  26. — Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Diorite. 

Sp.  No.  1017. — Aphanite.  Color  dark-green.  Somewhat  de- 
composed. Under  the  microscope  the  amphibole  is  seen  to  consist 
of  actinolite.  It  contains  considerable  magnetic  ore  and  a small 
percentage  of  mica.  There  are  several  narrow  seams  in  the  section 
filled  with  actinolite  and  feldspar.  Hardness  = 5.  Streak  powder 
yellow  to  brown.  Spec.  gr.  = 3.15. — Formation  XI. — Location 
from  South  of  New  England  Mine,  N.  E.  Sect.  20 — T.  47 — R. 
27. — Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Compact  Diorite. 

Sp.  No.  1018. — Diorite  with  Mica.  Very  dark-green  specimen. 
The  rock  shows  but  little  signs  of  decomposition.  The  cleavage 


220 


APPENDIX  C. 


planes  of  the  hornblende  are  very  distinct.  Under  the  microscope 
it  can  be  seen  that  the  percentage  of  the  hornblende  exceeds  that 
of  the  feldspar.  The  hornblende  is  strongly  dichromatic.  The 
mica  is  of  a brownish-yellow  color  and  is  dichromatic.  As  acces- 
sories may  be  counted  magnetic  ore  and  pyrites.  Hardness  =5.5. 
Streak  powder  light-green.  Spec.  gr.  = 3.09. — Location,  S.  E. 
Sect.  15 — T.  47 — R.  28. — Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Horn- 
blendic  Diorite. 

Sp.  No.  1019. — Gneiss  with  Micaceous  Diorite.  Color  dark  gray. 
Contains  orthoclase  and  a white  feldspar  resembling  albite.  The 
amphibole  under  the  microscope  has  a deep-green  color  and  the 
mica  a yellowish-brown  ; both  are  dichromatic.  There  is  a very 
little  quartz  and  decomposed  iron  ore  in  the  section.  Hardness  = 
5.  Streak  gray.  Spec.  gr.  = 2.74. — Location,  N.  W.  of  Sect. 
15 — T.  47 — R.  28. — Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Dioritic 
Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1020. — Gneiss  and  Amphibole  Rock.  Color  a dark 
green.  It  shows  no  signs  of  decomposition.  Under  the  microscope 
it  can  be  seen  that  the  percentage  of  the  amphibole  (hornblende 
and  actinolite)  exceeds  that  of  all  the  other  minerals.  The  feldspar 
shows  no  striation.  The  amphibole  is  strongly  dichromatic.  The 
mica  is  very  distinct.  It  contains  magnetic  ore  and  pyrites. 
Hardness  = 5.5.  Streak  powder  pale  green.  Spec.  gr.  = 3.00. — Lo- 
cation, N.  E.  of  Old  Michigan  Mine,  near  N.  W.  corner  Sect.  18 — 
T.  47 — R.  28. — Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Hornblendic 
Diorite. 


Sp.  No.  1021. — Gneiss  with  Hornblende  Rock.  Resembles  No. 
1020.  Under  the  microscope  the  mica  appears  to  be  finely  divided 
and  evenly  distributed.  The  hornblende  possesses  the  dichromatic 
property  in  a remarkable  degree,  changing  from  a deep  green  to 
pale  yellow.  The  hornblende,  quartz  and  mica  are  contained 
nearly  in  the  same  proportion.  It  contains,  as  an  accessory,  mag- 
netic ore.  Hardness  = 6.  Streak  powder  pale  green.  Spec.  gr.  = 
3.03. — Formation  IX.— Location,  Washington  Mine. — Provisional 
name  used  in  Report,  Diorite  (dark  green). 


APPENDIX  C. 


221 


Sp.  No.  1022. — Hornblendic  Gneiss  with  Mica,  very  similar  to 
1021,  only  the  mica  is  more  grouped  together  and  in  large  leaves. 
It  contains  small  crystals  of  magnetic  ore,  that  are  clustered  toge- 
ther. Hardness  = 5.5.  Streak  nearly  colorless.  Spec.  gr.  = 3.04. — 
Formation  XI. — Location,  Southward  of  Old  Washington  Mine. — 
Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Chloritic  Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1023. — Changed  Gneiss.  A gray  rock,  containing  a little 
chlorite.  The  actinolite  has  changed  to  a pale  yellow  color,  but  is 
still  dichromatic.  The  magnetic  ore  does  not  appear  to  have  decom- 
posed, as  the  white  ground  mass  surrounding  the  grains  of  ore  is 
not  stained  or  tinted.  Hardness  = 4.  Streak  powder  gray.  Spec, 
gr.  = 2.83. — Location,  near  N.  and  S.  Centre  line  Sect.  1 — T. 
47 — R.  29. — Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Dioritic  Schist 
(spotted). 

Sp.  No.  1024. — Diorite.  Compact  and  fine-grained.  Some- 
what decomposed.  The  two  varieties  of  amphibole  (hornblende 
and  actinolite)  are  very  evenly  distributed  through  the  section. 
The  needles  or  spikes  of  the  actinolite  are  very  small.  There  are 
several  crystals  of  calcite  which  in  the  polarized  light  appear  very 
similar  to  a triclinic  feldspar.  Hardness  = 4.  Streak  powder  white. 
Spec.  gr.  = 2.63. — Location,  E.  side  of  Sect.  13 — T.  47 — R.  28. 
— Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Diorite  (conglomeritic). 

Sp.  No.  1025. — Calcareous  Diabase  or  Diorite.  The  crystals  of 
calcite  are  quite  large  and  easily  distinguished.  On  a fresh  frac- 
ture can  be  seen  a black  mineral,  which  is  about  the  hardness  of 
calcite  (3)  and  resembles  hornblende  or  augite.  It  possesses  no 
visible  cleavage  and  is  probably  a decomposition.  Under  the  mi- 
croscope the  calcite,  as  in  1024,  resembles  labradorite.  The  black 
mineral  in  the  section  has  a pale  green  color.  With  the  prisms 
turned  at  right  angles,  the  black  mineral  gives  a dark  field.  What 
is  interesting  is,  that  the  mineral  is  slightly  dichromatic.  On  a 
weathered  surface  the  calcite  is  decomposed  and  washed  out,  leav- 
ing the  rock  very  porous.  Hardness  = 5.5.  Streak  powder  gray. 
Spec.  gr.  = 2.70. — Location,  N.  E.  % of  N.  E.  of  Sect.  14 — T. 
47 — R.  28.— Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Dioritic  Rock 
(amygdaloidal). 


222 


APPENDIX  C. 


Sp.  No.  1026. — Fine-grained  Chloritic  Schist.  Contains  con- 
siderable mica.  On  a fresh  fracture  the  glistening  specks  of  mica 
can  be  readily  distinguished  from  the  dark  green  chlorite.  Under 
the  microscope  the  small  grains  of  quartz  are  rendered  very  distinct. 
It  contains  a few  crystals  of  magnetic  ore,  also  needles  of  actinolite. 
Hardness  = 3.  Streak  powder  light  green.  Spec.  gr.  = 2.93. — 
Formation  XI. — Location,  Lot  4 — Sect.  20 — T.  28 — R.  30. — Provi- 
sional name  used  in  Report,  Chloritic  Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1027. — Dark-gray  Anthophyllite  Rock,  or  Quartzite  con- 
taining anthophyllite.  It  has  a distinct  parallel  cleavage.  The 
anthophyllite  is  unevenly  distributed  through  the  section  in  seams, 
and  is  nondichromatic,  which  distinguishes  it  from  actinolite.  The 
quartz  consists  of  small  grains  millm.).  It  contains  minute 
crystals  of  magnetic  ore  (less  than  j-J-q  millm.  in  diameter).  Hard- 
ness = 4-7.  Streak  powder  white.  Spec.  gr.  = 3.21. — Formation 
XII. — Location,  Lot  5 — Sect.  20 — T.  48 — R.  30. — Provisional 
name  used  in  Report,  Anthophyllitic  Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1028. — Fine-grained  Chloritic  Schist.  Color  dark-green, 
similar  in  appearance  to  1026.  In  a section  can  be  seen  consider- 
able Amphibole.  It  contains  less  Mica  than  1026.  Hardness  = 
4.  Streak  light-green.  Spec.  gr.  = 2.84. — Location,  Lot  5 
— Sect.  21 — T.  48 — R.  30. — Provisional  name  in  Report,  Chloritic 
Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1029. — Light-gray  Quartzite  or  Granulite-like  rock.  The 
grains  of  quartz  are  small.  The  gray  color  is  caused  by  hornblende, 
which,  in  a section  under  the  microscope,  resembles  fine  moss. 
This  is  probably  a metamorphic  rock.  Hardness  = 7.  Spec.  gr.  = 
2.67. — Formation  L. — Location  between  Sects.  20  and  21 — T.  48 — 
R.  30. — Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Quartzose  Gneiss. 

Sp.  No.  1030. — Fine-grained  Gray  Chloritic  Schist.  The  grains 
of  quartz  are  small.  The  chlorite  is  very  evenly  distributed  through 
the  section.  It  contains  a few  broken  crystals  of  hornblende. 
Hardness  = 6.  Streak  gray.  Spec.  gr.  = 2.64. — Formation  XIX. — 
Location,  Lot  7 — Sect.  30 — T.  48 — R.  30. — Provisional  name  used 
in  the  Report,  Quartzose  Mica  Schist. 


APPENDIX  C. 


223 


Sp.  No.  1031. — Coarse-grained  Hornblende  Gangue  Rock.  The 
cleavage  planes  of  the  hornblende  can  be  easily  recognized  with  the 
naked  eye.  By  using  only  the  upper  prism  and  revolving  it,  some 
of  the  hornblende  crystals  change  from  white  to  yellow.  It  con- 
tains considerable  chlorite,  also  a few  leaves  of  mica  and  several 
minute  crystals  of  magnetic  ore,  that  average  less  than  t-^q-  of  a 
millm.  in  diameter.  Hardness  = 4.  Streak  powder  greenish-black. 
Spec.  gr.  = 3.10. — Formation  XIX. — Location,  Lot  7 — Sect.  30 — T. 
48 — R.  30. — Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Mica  Schist  (with 
seams  of  black  hornblende). 

Sp.  No.  1032. — Anthophyllitic  Schist  and  Magnetic  Ore.  The 
rock  on  a fresh  fracture  has  a dark-gray  color,  with  several  yellow 
spots.  The  acicular  crystals  of  anthophyllite  are  woven  together, 
forming  a reticulated  mass.  Some  of  the  grains  or  crystals  of  the 
magnetic  ore  are  nearly  a millimeter  in  diameter,  while  others 
in  the  section  can  scarcely  be  seen  with  a power  of  100  diame- 
ters. Hardness  = 6.  Streak  brown.  Spec.  gr.  = 3.2 7. — Forma- 
tion XVII. — Location,  Lot  3 — Sect.  30 — T.  48 — R.  30. — Provisional 
name  used  in  Report,  Anthophyllitic  Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1033. — Anthophyllitic  Schist  and  Magnetic  Iron  Ore. 
Very  similar  to  1032.  The  anthophyllite  is  more  or  less  colored 
yellow.  Hardness  = 6.  Streak  powder  brown.  Spec.  gr.  = 3.33. 
— Formation  XI. — Location,  Lot  3 — Sect.  30 — T.  48 — R.  30. — Pro- 
visional name  used  in  Report,  Quartzose  Anthophyllitic  Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1034. — Magnetic  Ore,  with  Quartz,  Actinolite  and  Chlorite. 
The  specimen  is  very  friable.  Some  portions  of  it  consist  nearly  of 
pure  silica  that  resemble  a freestone,  and  is  cut  in  different  di- 
rections by  thin  seams  filled  with  magnetic  ore.  The  actinolite  has 
a brown  color  and  the  chlorite  in  the  section  a deep  green.  The 
magnetic  ore  constitutes  nearly  one-half  the  entire  rock.  Hard- 
ness = 5 — 7.  Streak  black.  Spec.  gr.  = 3.34. — Formation  XIII. 
— Location,  Lot  4 — Sect.  20 — T.  48 — R.  30. — Provisional  name  used 
in  Report,  Quartzose  Magnetic  Schist  (banded). 

Sp.  No.  1035. — Specular  Iron  Ore  and  Quartz. — Formation  XII. — 
Lot  4 — Sect.  20 — T.  48 — R.  30. — Provisional  name  in  Report,  Spec- 
ular Quartz  Schist. 


224 


APPENDIX  C. 


Sp.  No.  1036. — Compact  Chloritic  Argillaceous  Schist.  Color 
black.  The  texture  is  so  fine  that  the  single  ingredients  cannot  be 
seen  even  with  a loupe.  Cut  with  a knife,  it  leaves  a black  shining 
surface.  Before  the  blowpipe  in  the  oxydation  flame  a small  chip 
of  it  changes  to  a grayish-white,  which  is  probably  due  to  a small 
percentage  of  carbon.  Hardness  = 3.5.  Streak  powder  dark-gray. 
Spec.  gr.  = 2.73. — Formation  XV. — Location  near  centre  Sect.  27 
— T.  48 — R.  30. — Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Argillite  (carbo- 
naceous). 

Sp.  No.  1037. — Dark-gray  Anthophyllitic  Schist.  Containing 
magnetic  and  an  ochreous  brown  iron  ore.  In  a thin  section 
under  the  microscope,  the  anthophyllite  has  a brown  color,  and 
certain  portions  of  it  are  gray.  Hardness  = 4.  Streak  grayish. 
Spec.  gr.  ==  3.16. — Formation  XVII. — Location  near  centre  N.  W. 
y Sect.  25 — R.  30. — Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Anthophyl- 
litic Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1038. — Grayish-green  Chloritic  Schist.  Compact  and 
fine-grained.  Under  the  microscope  can  be  seen  several  parallel 
seams  of  quartz,  also  a few  crystals  of  hornblende.  Hardness  = 5. 
Streak  powder  gray.  Spec.  gr.  = 2.67. — Formation  VIII  (?). — 
Location,  S.  W.  y of  S.  W.  y of  Sect.  34 — T.  48 — R.  28. — Pro- 
visional name  in  Report,  Dioritic  Schist  (feldspathic). 

Sp.  No.  1039. — Fine-grained  Argillaceous  Schist.  Color  green- 
ish. It  has  a slaty  structure  and  a very  distinct  parallel  cleavage. 
In  a thin  section  a few  fragments  of  hornblende  can  be  seen.  It 
contains  very  evenly  distributed  considerable  chlorite.  Hardness 
— 3.  Streak  pale  yellow.  Spec.  gr.  — 2.85. — Formation  VII. — 
Location,  N.  E.  y of  N.  E.  y of  Sect.  4 — T.  47 — R.  28. — Pro- 
visional name  used  in  Report,  Clay  Slate  (greenish). 

Sp.  No.  1040. — Jaspery-brown  Iron  Ore.  The  specimen  has  a 
banded  structure.  The  brown  iron  varies  in  color  from  a brown- 
ish-red to  a dirty  yellow  (ochreous).  The  grains  of  quartz  under 
the  microscope  are  very  small  millim.).  A section  taken  across 
the  lamination  resembles  silicified  wood.  Hardness  = 5 -7-  Streak 
yellow.  Spec.  gr.  = 3.15. — Formation  VI. — Location,  N.  E.  y of 


APPENDIX  C.  22  5 

N.  E.  of  Sect.  4 — T.  47 — R.  28. — Provisional  name  used  in  Re- 
port, Limonitic  Quartz  Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1041. — Light-gray  Quartzite.  In  a section  under  the 
microscope  with  a power  of  100  diameters  can  be  seen  several  aci- 
cular  crystals,  resembling  actinolite.  The  gray  color  of  the  speci- 
men is  due  to  this  actinolite-like  mineral.  It  contains  an  occasional 
crystal  of  garnet.  Hardness— 6. 5.  Spec.  gr.=2.66. — Formation  V. — 
Location,  S.  E.  of  N.  E.  of  Sect.  4 — T.  47 — R.  28. — Provi- 
sional name  in  Report,  Gray  Quartzite. 

Sp.  No.  1042. — Dark-gray  Quartzite.  With  the  microscope  can 
be  seen  a little  hornblende  and  chlorite.  The  grains  of  quartz  are 
smaller  than  in  1041.  Hardness=7.  Spec.  gr.  =2.74. — Formation 
V. — Location,  S,  E.  of  N.  E.  of  Sect.  4 — T.  47 — R.  28. — 
Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Feldspathic  Diorite  Rock  (com- 
pact). 

Sp.  No.  1043. — Decomposed  Diorite  and  Magnetic  Ore.  The 
specimen  has  a grayish-green  color.  It  contains  a little  chlorite 
and  clay.  On  a fresh  fracture  the  crystals  or  grains  of  magnetic 
ore  can  be  easily  distinguished.  Under  the  microscope  the  rock 
appears  to  have  a semifluid  structure.  The  crystals  of  feldspar 
are  quite  large,  some  of  them  are  bent,  while  others  are  broken. 
Fragments  of  hornblende  are  scattered  through  the  section.  Hard- 
ness=3.  Streak  powder  green  to  black.  Spec.  gr.  =3. 12. — Forma- 
tion XIII. — Location,  Washington  Mine.  — Provisional  name  used  in 
Report,  Steatitic  Schist  (with  grains  of  Magnetite). 

Sp.  No.  1044. — Coarse  Granular  Magnetic  Ore.  The  crystals  of 
magnetite  can  be  seen  with  a good  loupe.  It  contains  a little  quartz 
and  chlorite.  Hardness=5- 5-  Streak  black.  Spec.  gr.=4.28. — 
Formation  XII.— Location,  Washington  Mine. — Provisional  name 
used  in  Report,  Magnetic  Iron  Ore. 

Sp.  No.  1045. — Micaceous  Specular  Iron  Ore  and  Quartz.  The 
parallel  layers  of  ore  and  quartz  are  uneven,  thereby  giving  to  the 
specimen  a wavy  or  corrugated  structure,  resembling  some  varie- 
ties of  gneiss.  It  contains  several  small  crystals  of  garnet  and 
15 


226 


APPENDIX  C. 


magnetic  ore.  Hardness=6.5.  Streak  red.  Spec.  gr.  =3.86. — For- 
mation XII. — Location,  S.  W.  of  Old  Washington  Mine. — Provi- 
sional name,  Specular  Quartz  Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1047. — Brownish-gray  Diorite.  The  surface  of  a fresh 
fracture  appears  to  be  spotted.  Some  of  the  grains  of  feldspar  are 
colored  a pale  red.  The  amphibole  is  a dark-green.  In  the  section 
can  be  seen  small  crystals  of  magnetic  ore.  It  contains  a very  little 
chlorite.  Hardness=5.  Streak  yellowish-brown.  Spec.  gr.  = 
2.79. — Formation  XIII. — Location,  Washington  Mine. — Provis- 
ional name,  Chloride  Rock. 

Sp.  No.  1048. — Dark-green  or  bluish-gray Actinolite  Rock,  with 
garnets.  On  a fresh  fracture  the  red  garnets  set  in  the  dark-green 
actinolite  give  the  surface  a very  pretty  appearance.  With  the 
microscope  can  be  seen  several  small  grains  of  quartz  ; also  parti- 
cles of  specular  and  magnetic  iron-ore.  Hardness =5. 5.  Streak 
brownish-red.  Spec.  gr.  = 3.21. — Formation  XII. — Location, 
Washington  Mine. — Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Hematitic 
Quartzose  Schist  (garnets). 

Sp.  No.  1049. — Diorite.  The  cleavage  planes  of  the  hornblende 
can  be  readily  distinguished.  The  feldspar  is  somewhat  decom- 
posed. In  a section  under  the  microscope  can  be  seen  clusters  of 
magnetic  or  specular  iron-ore  crystals  ; also  a few  grains  of  quartz. 
Hardness=5. 5.  Streak  powder  grayish.  Spec.  gr.=3.i8. — For- 
mation XIII. — Location,  Washington  Mine. — Provisional  name 
in  Report,  Hornblendic  Rock. 

Sp.  No.  1050. — Fine-grained  Specular  Iron  Ore.  The  specimen 
has  a bright  glistening  appearance  and  is  inclined  to  a micaceous 
structure.  It  is  somewhat  friable.  Contains  magnetic  ore  and 
quartz.  Hardness=3.  Streak  brownish-red.  Spec.  gr.  =4.51. 
— Formation  XIII. — Location,  Washington  Mine. — Provisional 
name,  Specular  Slate  Ore. 

Sp.  No.  1051.  (Missing). — Formation  XIII. — Location,  Wash- 
ington Mine. — Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Talcose  Schist 
(micaceous). 


APPENDIX  C. 


227 


Sp.  No.  1052. — Dark-green  Chloritic  Schist.  It  contains  a large 
percentage  of  quartz.  The  grains  of  quartz  are  very  small.  In  a 
section  can  be  seen  several  crystals  and  particles  of  specular  ore  ; 
also  a few  crystals  of  garnet.  Hardness=4.  Streak  brownish- 
red.  Spec.  gr.  =2.87. — Location,  Washington  Mine. — Provisional 
name,  Quartzose  Schist  (with  argillite). 

Sp.  No.  1053. — Chloritic  Argillaceous  Brown  Iron  Ore.  This  is 
probably  a decomposed  Diorite.  Hardness=2.  Streak  brownish- 
yellow.  Spec.  gr.  =2.77. — Formation  XIII. — Location,  Washing- 
ton Mine. — Provisional  name,  Chloritic  dyke  material. 

% 

Sp.  No.  1054. — Magnetic  Ore.  The  grains  or  crystals  of  the 
ore  can  be  seen  with  the  naked  eye.  Hardness=5~6.  Streak 
black.  Spec.  gr.  =4.83. — Formation  XIII. — Location,  Washing- 
ton Mine. — Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Granular  Magnetic 
Ore. 

Sp.  No.  1055. — Decomposed  Dioritic  Schist.  Contains  chlorite, 
talc,  clay,  and  magnetic  iron  ore.  Under  the  microscope  a section 
shows  an  apparent  semifluid  structure,  and  while  in  this  state  it  is 
very  evident  that  a flowing  movement  has  taken  place.  Shred-like 
or  skeleton  crystals  of  hornblende  are  scattered  through  the  entire 
section.  There  cannot  be  seen  even  an  outline  of  a feldspar  crystal ; 
only  fragments  remain,  that  may  be  recognized  in  the  polarized 
light.  The  grains  of  magnetic  and  specular  ore  are  grouped  to- 
gether. It  contains  a few  slender  crystals  of  epidote.  Hardness 
=4.5.  Streak  brown.  Spec.  gr.  =3. 13. — Location,  Washington 
Mine. — Provisional  name  in  Report,  Chloritic  Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1056. — Dark-gray  Quartzite.  Contains  magnetic  ore, 
pyrites,  hornblende,  and  chlorite.  The  grains  of  quartz  are  small. 
The  pentagonal  dodecahedron  crystals  of  pyrites  are  unevenly  dis- 
tributed. The  crystals  of  magnetic  ore  are  very  minute,  none  of 
them  exceeding  ¥V  of  a millm.  in  diameter.  The  percentage  of 
hornblende  and  chlorite  is  small.  Hardness=6. 5.  Streak  green  to 
black.  Spec.  gr.  =2.66-3.30. — Formation  XIII. — Location,  Wash- 
ington Mine. — Provisional  name  in  Report,  Quartzite  (pyritiferous 
dyke  material). 


228 


APPENDIX  C. 


Sp.  No.  1057. — Anthophyllite  Schist.  Contains  magnetic  iron 
ore  and  quartz.  A section  under  the  microscope  shows  a reticu- 
lated structure.  Certain  portions  of  the  anthophyllite  are  colored 
brownish-yellow.  Hardness=5.  Streak  pale  yellow  to  black. 
Spec.  gr.  = 3-52. — Formation  X. — Location,  Washington  Mine. — 
Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Micaceous  Ferruginous  Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1058. — Anthophyllite  Schist  and  Quartz.  The  ingredi- 
ents are  unevenly  distributed.  There  are  several  red  seams  in  the 
rock  composed  of  quartz,  anthophyllite  and  hematite  ore.  In  a 
section  can  be  .seen  crystals  of  garnet  and  magnetic  ore.  Hard- 
ne^s=5~7.  Streak  reddish.  Spec.  gr.  = 3.oo. — Formation  X. — 
Location,  Washington  Mine. — Provisional  name  used  in  Report, 
Micaceous  Ferruginous  Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1059. — Black  Magnetic  Iron  Ore.  Contains  silica  and  a 
little  chlorite,  also  a trace  of  manganese.  Granular  and  easily  fri- 
able. Hardness=5.5.  Streak  black.  Spec.  gr. =4.70. — Formation 
XIII. — Location,  N.  W.  5^  of  S.  W.  ) of  Sect.  24 — T.  48 — R.  31. 
— Provisional  name  in  Report,  Granular  Magnetic  Ore. 

Sp.  No.  1060.  — Specular  Ore.  The  specimen  possesses  two  in- 
teresting characteristics,  that  is,  portions  of  the  specular  are  crystal- 
lized in  octahedrons,  which  are  slightly  magnetic.  Hardness=:6. 
Streak  brownish-red.  Spec.  gr.=4.92. — Formation  XIII. — Loca- 
tion, New  York  Mine. — Provisional  name  in  Report,  Octahedral 
Specular  Ore  (Martite). 

Sp.  No.  1061. — Anthophyllite  and  Magnetic  Ore  Schist.  This 
is  a very  fine-grained  slaty-looking  specimen.  In  a section  under 
the  microscope  the  ingredients  appear  to  be  about  equally  divided. 
Hardness=6.  Streak  powder  black.  Spec.  gr.  =4.46. — Formation 
X. — Location,  South  of  the  New  England  Mine. — Provisional  name 
used  in  the  Report,  Banded  Magnetic  Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1062. — Actinolite  Schist.  Very  fine-grained  and  has  a 
blackish-green  color.  Some  portions  of  the  rock  are  partially  de- 
composed. Contains  a little  magnetic  ore.  Hardness=5.  Streak 


APPENDIX  C. 


229 


dirty  green.  Spec.  gr.  =3.14. — Formation  XI. — Location,  South 
of  New  England  Mine. — Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Chloritic 
Rock. 

Sp.  No.  1063. — Actinolite  and  Hornblende  Schist.  Very  similar 
to  1062.  It  has  a brownish-green  color  and  is  more  decomposed 
than  specimen  1062.  Contains  a little  pyrites.  Hardness=3. 5. 
Streak  yellowish-green.  Spec.  gr.  =3.05. — Formation  XI. — Loca- 
tion, South  of  New  England  Mine. — Provisional  name  in  Report, 
Chloritic  Rock. 

Sp.  No.  1064. — Quartz  and  Specular  Ore.  This  is  a very  fine- 
grained, reddish-bluish-gray  specimen,  filled  with  small  cavities, 
that  are  beautifully  studded  with  crystals  of  quartz,  garnet,  and 
specular  ore.  The  percentage  of  quartz  and  specular  ore  appears  to 
be  about  the  same.  Hardness=6.  Streak  red.  Spec.  gr.  =3.80. 
— Formation  XII. — Location,  New  England  Mine. — Provisional 
name  used  in  Report,  Hematitic  Quartzose  Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1065. — (Missing).  Formation  XII. — Location,  New 
England  Mine. — Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Ferruginous 
Quartz  Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1066. — Same  as  Specimen  No.  1064. — Formation  XII. 
— Location,  New  England  Mine. — Provisional  name  used  in  Re- 
port, Quartzose  Red  Hematite  Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1067. — Decomposed  Specular  Ore.  Contains  clay. 
Hardness=2-5. 5.  Streak  blood-red.  Spec.  gr.  =4.34. — Forma- 
tion — . — Location,  New  England  Mine. — Provisional  name  used 
in  Report,  earthy  Hematite. 

Sp.  No.  1068. — Argillaceous  Chloritic  Schist.  Very  compact 
and  has  a dark-gray  color.  With  a good  loupe  can  be  seen  on  a 
fresh  fracture  small  crystals  of  iron  pyrites.  Under  the  microscope, 
using  polarized  light,  can  be  seen  a few  fragments  of  hornblende. 
Hardness=4.  Spec.  gr.=2.95. — Formation  XII. — Location,  New 
England  Mine. — Provisional  name,  Chloritic  Schist. 


230 


APPENDIX  C. 


Sp.  No.  1069. — Hematite  Ore  and  Quartz.  The  specimen  is 
somewhat  decomposed  and  contains  parallel  seams  of  ochreous  iron 
ore.  There  can  be  plainly  seen  white  specks  of  a hydrous  silicate 
of  alumina — “ Kaolinite.”  Hardness=2-6.5.  Streak  red  to  yel- 
low. Spec.  gr.  =3.20. — Formation  XII. — Location,  New  England 
Mine. — Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Quartzose  Limonitic 
Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1070. — Hematite  Ore.  Somewhat  decomposed.  Con- 
tains fine  grains  of  quartz  and  a little  clay.  Hardness=4.  Streak 
yellowish-red.  Spec.  gr.  =3.24. — Formation  XIII. — Location, 
New  England  Mine. — Provisional  name,  Hematitic  Chloritic 
Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1071. — Specular  Ore,  containing  grains  of  magnetic 
ore.  It  has  a bluish-black  color  and  submetallic  lustre.  It  contains 
a little  silica.  Hardness=6.  Streak  brownish-red.  Spec.  gr.= 
4.46. — Formation  XIII. — Location,  New  England  Mine. — Provis- 
ional name  used  in  Report,  Jaspery  Specular  Ore. 

Sp.  No.  1072. — Argillaceous  Schist.  Very  fine  texture,  of  a 
light-greenish  color.  It  contains  a little  specular  ore  and  chlorite. 
Hardness=3.  Streak  powder  pinkish-gray.  Spec.  gr.  =3.08. 
— Formation  XIII. — Location,  New  England  Mine. — Provisional 
name  used  in  Report,  Clay  Slate  (greenish). 

Sp.  No.  1073. — Specular  Schist.  Contains  a very  little  magnetic 
ore  and  silica.  Hardness=5.  Streak  brownish-red.  Spec.  gr.  = 
4. — Formation  XIII. — Location,  New  England  Mine. — Provisional 
name  used  in  Report,  Jaspery  Specular  Ore. 

Sp.  No.  1074. — Manganiferous  Iron  Ore.  This  is  a brownish- 
black  ore  and  has  the  appearance  as  if  it  had  been  burnt.  It  con- 
tains small  specks  of  Kaolin.  Streak  brownish-red.  Spec.  gr.  = 
4.00. — Formation  X. — Location,  Iron  Mountain  Mine. — Provis- 
ional name  used  in  Report,  Manganiferous  Siliceous  Ore. 

Sp.  No.  1075. — Jaspery  Specular  Schist.  This  ore  is  slightly 
banded.  Hardness=6.  Streak  red.  Spec.  gr.  =3.83. — Forma- 


APPENDIX  C. 


23 


tion  X. — Location,  Iron  Mountain  Mine. — Provisional  name  used 
in  Report,  Quartzose  Iron  Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1076. — Same  as  1075. — Formation  X. — Location,  East 
end  of  Ogden  Mine. — Provisional  name  used  in  Report,  Quartzose 
Iron  Schist. 

Sp.  No.  1077.  (Missing). — Formation  X. — Location,  Foster  Mine. 
— Provisional  name,  Soft  Hematite  (porous,  bronzy). 

Sp.  No.  1078. — Hornstone. — Formation  X. — Location,  P"oster 
Mine. — Provisional  name  used  in  Major  Brooks’s  Report,  Cherty 
Quartz  Schist. 


APPENDIX  D. 


ORE  DEPOSITS. 


APPENDIX  D. 


Relates  to  the  discovery  of  ore  by  the  United  States  Linear 
Surveyors.  (See  Vol.  I.,  Part  I.,  Chapter  I.) 

i.  Specimens  of  Iron  Ore  collected. — “ Catalogue  of  specimens 
collected  by  William  A.  Burt,  Deputy  Surveyor,  while  surveying 
Township  lines,  under  Dr.  Houghton’s  contract,  dated  June  25th, 
1844,  for  surveying  with  reference  to  mines  and  minerals.” 


East  boundary  of  Township  47  North , Range  27  West. 


Specimen.  Sect* 

55  12 

5 6 12 

57  12 

58  12 

59  1 

60  13 


61  24 


62  13 

63  25 

64  25 

66  1 


Compact  quartz  rock  ; No.  2,  quartz,  with  Spathose 
Iron. 

No.  1,  Brown  Hematite,  steel-gray;  No.  2,  Taco- 
nic  steel  slate. 

Brown  Hematite,  steel-gray. 

Quartz,  with  Spathose  Iron. 

Quartz,  with  Spathose  Iron. 

No.  1,  Fine,  large,  granulated,  sub-crystalline  Spa- 
those Iron  ; No.  2,  same  with  Quartz  ; No.  3, 
Spathose,  earthy,  sub-laminated  Iron. 

Nos.  1 and  2,  Spathose  Iron  ; No.  3,  Hydrated  Car- 
bonate of  Iron,  with  milky  Quartz  and  specks  of 
Mica. 

Spathose  Iron,  brown,  amorphous,  sub-laminated. 

Near  a pond  ; 2 specimens  Spathose  Iron,  granular, 
sub-crystalline. 

Near  a pond  ; Spathose  Iron,  granular,  sub-crystal- 
line. 

Spathose,  steel-gray,  Iron  ore. 


In  running  north  on  the  east  line  of  Sect.  13 — T.  47 — R.  27,  Mr. 


236 


APPENDIX  D. 


Burt’s  returns  are  thus  : “ In  some  places  on  N.  the  needle  would 
not  take  any  direction,  but  would  dip  to  the  bottom  of  the  box  ; 
also  at  the  end  of  the  line.  N.B. — Two  good  solar  compasses  were 
used  on  the  town  line,  and  the  variations  of  the  needles  determined 
by  both.  When  the  variations  were  about  450  or  500,  the  needle 
appeared  to  be  weak,  linked,  and  nearly  destitute  of  magnetism. 
Spaltoric  and  Hsemaltic  Iron  ore  abound  on  this  line.” 

(Signed).  Wm.  A.  Burt,  D.  S., 

for  Douglas  Houghton,  D.  S. 

(From  official  U.  S.  Land  Office  records). 


2.  Extract  from  Judge  Burt's  Diary  and  Jacob  Houghton' s 
Statement.  — In  his  official  diary  of  the  year  1844,  William  A.  Burt 
says  : “ East  boundary  of  Township  47  North,  Range  27  West. 
This  line  is  very  extraordinary,  on  account  of  the  great  variations 
of  the  needle,  and  the  circumstances  attending  the  survey  of  it. 
Commenced  in  the  morning,  the  19th  of  September  ; weather  clear  ; 
the  variation  high  and  fluctuating,  on  the  first  mile,  section  one. 
On  sections  12  and  13,  variations  of  all  kinds,  from  south  87  degrees 
east,  to  north  8 7 degrees  west.  In  some  places  the  north  end  of 
the  needle  would  dip  to  the  bottom  of  the  box,  and  would  not  set- 
tle anywhere.  In  other  places  it  would  have  variations  40,  50, 
and  60  degrees  east,  then  west  variation  alternating  in  the  dis- 
tance of  a few  chains.  Camped  on  a small  stream  in  section  13. 

“ September  20. — Raining.  Staked  the  line  on  south  half  of  sec- 
tion 13,  the  needle  being  useless. 

“September  21. — Snow  fell  in  the  forepart  of  the  day,  from  three 
to  six  inches  deep.  Mr.  Ives  came  to  us  ; had  been  left  lame  near 
corner  of  Towns.  47  and  48,  Ranges  26  and  27.” 

In  this  connection,  Mr.  Jacob  Houghton  says  : “ On  the  evening 
of  the  15th  of  September,  we  reached  the  lake  and  established  the 
north-east  corner  of  Town.  47  north,  Range  25  west,  between  the 
Chocolate  and  Carp  Rivers.  We  thence  ran  west  the  township 
line,  between  Towns.  47  and  48,  and  camped  at  the  town  corner  on 
the  east  side  of  Teal  Lake,  on  the  18th  of  September. 

“On  the  morning  of  the  19th we  started,  running  the  line  south, 
between  Ranges  26  and  27.  So  soon  as  we  reached  the  hill  to  the 


APPENDIX  D. 


23  7 


south  of  the  Lake,  the  compass-man  began  to  notice  the  fluctuation 
in  the  variation  of  the  magnetic  needle.  We  were,  of  course,  using 
the  Solar  Compass,  of  which  Mr.  Burt  was  the  inventor,  and  I shall 
never  forget  the  excitement  of  the  old  gentleman  when  viewing  the 
changes  of  the  variation — the  needle  not  actually  traversing  alike  in 
any  two  places.  He  kept  changing  his  position  to  take  observa- 
tions, all  the  time  saying,  ‘ How  would  they  survey  this  country  with- 
out my  compass  ? What  could  be  done  here  without  my  com- 
pass?’ It  was  the  full  and  complete  realization  of  what  he  had 
foreseen  when  struggling  through  the  first  stages  of  his  invention. 
At  length  the  compass-man  called  for  ajl  to  ‘ come  and  see  a varia- 
tion that  will  beat  them  all.’  As  we  looked  at  the  instrument,  to 
our  astonishment  the  north  end  of  the  needle  was  traversing  a few 
degrees  to  the  south  of  west.  Mr.  Burt  called  out,  ‘ Boys,  look 
around  and  see  what  you  can  find  ! ’ We  all  left  the  line,  some  go- 
ing to  the  east,  and  some  to  the  west,  and  all  of  us  returning  with 
specimens  of  Iron  ore,  mostly  gathered  from  outcrops.  This  was 
along  the  first  mile  from  Teal  Lake.  We  carried  out  all  the  speci- 
mens we  could  conveniently.” 

We  give  here  also  a statement  made  by  Mr.  William  A.  Burt,  a 
year  later,  to  wit  in  1846.  (See  Jackson’s  Report,  1849,  Part  III., 
page  852,  Ex.  Doc.) 

“ It  maybe  reasonably  inferred  that  not  more  than  one-seventh  of 
the  number  of  Iron  ore  beds  were  seen  during  the  survey  of  the 
Township  lines  ; and  if  this  district  of  Townships  be  subdivided 
with  care  in  reference  to  mines  and  minerals,  six  times  as  many 
more  will  probably  be  found.  If  this  view  of  the  Iron  region  of  the 
Northern  Peninsula  of  Michigan  be  correct,  it  far  excels  any  other 
portion  of  the  United  States  in  the  abundance  and  good  qualities 
of  its  Iron  ores.” 

3.  Description  of  certain  Ore  Deposits. — “ In  June  of  the  follow- 
ing year,  Dr.  Houghton  and  Mr.  Burt,  with  their  party,  were  en- 
gaged in  sub-dividing  the  Township  above  mentioned  (T.  47, 
R.  26),  when  the  former  made  a personal  examination  in  reference 
to  Iron  ore,  especially  at  the  corners  of  sections  29,  30,  31,  and  32. 

“ These  rocks  (metamorphic  group)  are  throughout  pervaded  by 
the  argillaceous,  red  and  micaceous  oxides  of  Iron,  sometimes  inti- 
mately disseminated,  and  sometimes  in  beds  or  veins.  These  are 


238 


APPENDIX  D. 


frequently  of  so  great  extent  as  almost  to  entitle  them  to  be  con- 
sidered as  rocks.  The  largest  extent  of  Iron  ore  noticed  in  Town- 
ship 47,  Range  26,  is  near  the  corner  of  sections  29,  30,  31,  and  32. 
There  are  here  two  large  beds  or  hills  of  ore,  made  up  almost  en- 
tirely of  granulated,  magnetic,  or  specular  Iron,  with  small  quanti- 
ties of  spathose  and  micaceous  Iron.  The  more  northerly  of  these 
hills  extends  in  a direction  nearly  east  and  west,  for  at  least  one- 
fourth  of  a mile,  and  has  a breadth  of  little  less  than  1,000  feet ; the 
whole  of  which  forms  a single  mass  of  ore,  with  occasional  thin 
strata  of  imperfect  chert  and  jasper. 

“ At  its  southerly  outcrop  the  ore  is  exposed  in  a low  cliff,  above 
which  the  hill  rises  to  the  height  of  20  to  30  feet.  The  ore  here  ex- 
hibits a stratified  or  laminated  structure,  and  breaks  readily  into 
sub-rhomboidal  fragments,  in  such  manner  as  will  greatly  facilitate 
the  operations  of  quarrying  or  mining  the  ore.  This  bed  of  Iron 
will  compare  favorably,  both  for  extent  and  quality,  with  any 
known  in  our  country.”  (See  Jackson’s  Report,  Ex.  Doc.,  1849, 
Part  III.,  page  835). 


APPENDIX  E. 


LITHOLOGY. 


APPENDIX  E. 


Remarks  on  Rocks  between  Chocolate  River  and  Granite  Point , em- 
bracing Marquette  Harbor , from  unpublished  MSS.  left  by 
Dr.  Douglas  Houghton , now  in  the  University  of  Michigan. 

( The  figure , parentheses  and  foot-notes  are  by  T.  B.  Brooks .) 

CHOCOLATE  River  is  the  boundary  between  the  United  States 
and  Indian  lands.  * * * (See  Map  I.)  It  may  also  be  said  to 

be  the  boundary  of  Geological  Districts,  for  the  westerly  curves  of 
the  shore  come  upon  the  metamorphic  group  at  the  point  where  that 
group  of  rocks  first  appears  upon  the  Lake.  It  is  thus  the  bound- 
ary between  these  rocks, — formerly  considered  primary , — and  the 

sand-rocks  (Silurian)  already  described. 

* * * * * * 

The  Metamorphic  Region  (Laurentian  and  Huronian)  presents 
numerous  abrupt  and  conical  peaks  which  have  frequent  faces  of 
bare  rock  that  is  perceptible  even  at  a distance,  while  the  sand-rock 
region  presents  “ even,  unbroken  ridges.” 


Metamorphic  Rocks  betzveen  Chocolate  and  Presqu'isle. 

The  Talcose  slate  and  quartz  rocks  are  plainly  and  regularly 
stratified,  dipping  North  about  10°,  West  about  8o°. 

The  Serpentine*  rock  (our  Diorite)  is  less  perfectly  stratified,  and 
in  fact  its  stratification  may  be  considered  as  somewhat  doubtful. 
The  rock  itself  has  much  the  appearance  of  greenstone,  being  essen- 
tially composed  of  feldspar  and  hornblende  so  intimately  blended  as 
not  unfrequently  to  appear  homogeneous. 

There  is  associated  with  the  rock  sufficient  trace  of  serpentine  to 
give  it  character.  This  rock,  taken  separately,  would  be  regarded 
as  injected  greenstone  trap,  and  the  only  objection  I can  conceive  to 


Serpentine  was  a provisional  name  with  Dr.  Houghton. 

16 


242 


APPENDIX  E. 


considering  it  as  such,  is  the  fact  that  it  uniformly  occurs,  dipping 
in  mass,  in  the  same  direction  and  angle  as  that  of  the  talcose 
slates  and  quartz  rocks  ; or,  in  other  words,  that  it  simply  fills  a 
space  between  those  rocks  and  never  cuts  across  them,  and  further, 
that  it  has  produced  no  perceptible  change  in  the  rocks  with  which 
it  has  been  brought  in  contact. 

It  is  allowed  that  neither  of  these  circumstances  is  regarded  as 
conclusive  upon  the  subject,  but  they  have  led  me  to  infer  that  the 
deposition  or  formation  of  the  serpentine  rocks  was  coeval  with  that 
of  the  slates  with  which  it  occurs.* 

The  slates  seem  to  have  been  considerably  disturbed  at  many 
points,  subsequent  to  deposition,  and  while  yet  in  an  unsolidified 
state,  or  when  softened  by  the  action  of  secondary  causes  ; for  the 
talcose  slate  is  not  unfrequently  much  contorted,  and  in  one  in- 
stance it  was  noticed  to  be  so  much  so  as  to  be  doubled  back  on 
itself.  The  talcose  slate  when  not  disturbed  has  almost  invariably 
.a  jointed  structure  ; joints  usually  dip  south  about  400. 

It  has,  frequently  intervening,  thin  beds  of  milky  and  greasy 
-quartz,  with  small  imperfect  crystals  of  quartz  occupying  little  dru- 
ses. Associated  with  these  thin  beds  or  strata  of  quartz,  is  a 
mineral  that  closely  resembles  hematitic  iron  ore,  appearing  in  thin 
weins  or  a sub-pipeform  structure. f 

Beds  of  a coarse  novaculite  occur  in  the  talcy  quartz  rocks  just 
west  from  the  Chocolate  River. 

The  quartz  rock  alternates  with  the  talcose  slates,  forming  the 
bulk  of  the  whole  mass.  (See  Fig.  18.)  It  is  usually  granular, 
though  sometimes  compact,  with  a conchoidal  fracture.  It  readily 
separates  into  blocks  in  the  line  of  the  cleavage,  that  is,  in  the  line 
of  its  «fip  ; which  like  the  slate  is  N.  io°,  W.  8o°,  the  beds  vary- 
ing from  a few  inches  to  several  feet  in  thickness.  No  minerals 
were  noticed  in  the  quartz  rock,  excepting  small  quantities  of  the 
hematite,,  before  described,  and  sulphuret  of  iron. 

The  serpentine  rock , as  has  already  been  stated,  alternates  with 
the  quartz  and  talcose  slate  rocks.  It  has  much  the  appearance  of 


* I conceive  that  it  would  be  difficult  at  this  time  to  write  a better  general  description 
of  these  rocks  of  the  same  length  than  is  here  given, 
f The  Eureka  Mine  is  in  this  formation. 


Geological  Section.  Chocolate  Flux  Quarry,  near  Marquette, 


APPENDIX  E. 


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243 


grained,  sometimes  banded  and  generally  siliceous,  and  often  talcv  and  feldspathic  limestone — much  contorted.  This  series  of  rocks  are  believed  to  be 
the  equivalent  of  the  Lower  or  Teal  Lake  Quartzite,  No.  V.  See  Specimens  9 and  10,  State  Collection  ; also  see  Julien’s  descriptions,  Specimens  106 
to  1 13,  Appendix  A. 


244 


APPENDIX  E. 


a compact  trap  greenstone.  It  occupies  comparatively  a small  space 
of  the  whole  amount  of  the  rock  upon  the  coast.  Sulphuret  of  iron 
and  hematitic  iron  were  noticed  in  small  quantities  in  the  serpen- 
tine rock,  and  milky  and  imperfect  common  quartz  occur  more  fre- 
quently. 

(The  non-conformable  junction  between  the  quartz  schist  and  the 
sandstone  just  east  of  the  Carp,  which  is  given  in  Dana’s  Geology, 
is  figured  and  accurately  described.) 

(Dr.  H.  says  the  very  lowest  portion  is  sub-conglomeritic,  but 
the  upper  part  is  similar  to  the  ordinary  rock  of  the  coast.  Both 
conglomerate  and  sandrocks  are  of  a deep-red  color.  He  had  be- 
fore divided  the  sandstones  into  an  upper  white  and  lower  red 
series.) 

Granite  was  seen  on  point  south  of  mouth  of  Dead  River.*  It  is 
composed  of  quartz,  feldspar  and  hornblende  ; that  at  the  north  of 
the  river  is  finer  grained,  of  a light-gray  color,  and  contains  beautiful 
specimens  of  tourmaline  in  small  quantities.  The  rock  at  1st  Rap- 
ids, in  Dead  River,  is  described  as  of  similar  character  as  that  at 
mouth  of  stream,  but  less  hornblende.  It  is  stratified,  dipping  N. 
8o°  W, , and  it  must  probably  be  regarded  as  a metamorphic  rock 
altered  to  a gneiss. 

The  two  islands  off  Presqu’isle  are  of  granite,  like  the  above. 

Presqnlisle. f — At  the  N.E.  point  of  the  island  is  a cliff  of  trap 
rocks  20  to  60  feet  high,  mile  long  ; upon  this  rests  the  sandrock, 
which  in  turn  rests  on  a coarse  conglomerate  made  up  of  large  and 
small  pebbles  of  primary  rock.  In  one  place  the  conglomerate  was 
20  feet  and  the  sandrock  over  it  30  feet  thick.  This  sandrock  is  of 
a deep-red  color,  and  is  the  same  in  character  as  the  lower  group. 

The  bedding  has  been  much  disturbed,  the  mass  raising  con- 
siderably as  it  approaches  the  trap,  and  at  points  the  disturbance 
has  been  so  great  as  to  destroy  all  appearance  of  stratification.  So 
great  has  been  the  action  of  the  elevating  power,  and  so  intense  the 
heat  of  the  protruded  mass,  near  the  points  of  junction  of  the  trap, 
conglomerate  and  sandstone,  that  not  only  all  stratification  is  lost, 


* This  is  the  first  point  west  from  the  Sault  where  the  “true  primary”  has  been  ob- 
served on  the  coast. 

f This  locality  was  afterwards  described  by  Foster  and  Whitney.  See  their  Report. 
Also  by  Dr.  Rominger. 


APPENDIX  E. 


245 


but  the  character  of  the  rocks  is  completely  changed,  and  they  pass 
by  insensible  degrees  into  trap,  it  being  difficult  to  determine  when 
the  sandstone  and  conglomerate  end  and  the  trap  begins. 

Portions  of  the  sandrock  and  conglomerate  bear  the  marks  of 
fiLsion  so  strongly  as  to  leave  no  doubt  in  the  minds  of  an  observer. 
Both  sandrock  and  conglomerate  have  been  shattered  in  every  pos- 
sible direction,  and  the  veins  or  fissures  thus  formed  have  been 
filled  with  impure  quartz,  and  less  frequently  with  calcareous  spar, 
the  most  minute  ramifications  down  to  ^ of  an  inch  in  thickness, 
being  filled,  and  occasionally  veins  may  be  seen  from  I to  2 inches 
thick. 

(Dr.  H.  compares  the  process  to  the  injection  of  a blood- 
vessel.) * * * * 

The  conglomerate  and  sandstone,  but  more  particularly  the  latter, 
are  frequently  vesicular,  the  vesicles  being  numerous  but  small ; 
they  were  no  doubt  the  result  of  the  passage  of  gaseous  vapors  dur- 
ing the  time  these  rocks  were  in  a state  of  semi-fusion,  or  softness. 
So  perfect  is  the  reticulated  structure,  that  it  sometimes  closely  re- 
sembles fine  reticulated  earthy  pumice,  of  recent  volcanoes. 

The  present  condition  of  the  sandstone  and  conglomerate  is  such 
as  to  lead  to  the  inference  that  the  uplift  of  the  strata  took  place 
after  the  perfect  induration. 

The  trap  appears  to  be  fused  hornblende  rock  of  a dark,  almost 
black  or  green  color,  nearly  homogeneous  and  not  columnar,  is  ex- 
ceedingly hard  and  tough,  and  when  struck  with  a hammer  gives  a 
clear,  ringing  sound.  (See  Spec.  78,  State  Collection.) 

Occupying  an  intermediate  space  between  the  conglomerate  and 
trap  proper,  is  an  irregular  mass  of  rocks,  of  a coarse  but  homoge- 
neous texture,  traversed  in  all  directions  by  veins,  which  veins  are 
filled  by  injected  matter  of  a dark,  almost  black  color.  It  is  exceed- 
ingly difficult  to  determine  to  which  of  the  rocks  this  belongs,  but  a 
minute  examination  has  satisfied  me  that  it  is  a mixture  of  trap  with 
conglomerate. 

We  find  associated  with  the  trap  milky  and  common  quartz,  in 
small  crystals,  sulphuret  of  iron,  calcareous  spar,  imperfect  serpen- 
tine and  asbestos,  but  none  of  these  minerals  in  great  quantities. 
They  usually  occur  in  what  may  be  called  the  joints  of  the 
rocks.  * # * * * 

It  is  in  the  upper  part  of  the  fused  rock — when  it  is  passing  into 


246 


APPENDIX  E. 


sandstone,  or  just  within  the  lower  edge  of  the  sandstone — that  the 
principal  minerals  occur,  but  at  these  points  the  sandrock  has  so 
far  lost  its  character  as  scarcely  to  be  recognized  as  such  ; for  it  ap- 
pears as  a dark-green,  nearly  black  rock,  breaking,  or  rather  sepa- 
rating, into  small  irregular  masses,  in  such  a manner  that  a fair 
fracture  can  scarcely  be  obtained. 

In  this,  as  also  in  the  lower  or  conglomerate  portion  of  the  sand- 
rock,  thin  veins  of  galena,  sulphuret  of  iron,  with  a small  portion  of 
the  green  carbonate  of  copper,  occur,  connected  with  gangues  which 
are  either  quartz  or  calcareous,  or  both  united.  The  minerals  are 
sometimes  all  associated  in  the  same  vein.  One  vein  is  parallel  with 
the  bedding  of  the  rock,  and  appears  like  a bed,  but  the  sandrock 
is  so  much  shattered  that  it  is  impossible  to  determine  its  original 
relation  with  any  degree  of  certainty.  The  vein  alluded  to  pursues 
an  irregular  and  tortuous  course,  dipping  at  a high  angle  and  thin- 
ning out  to  mere  threads  and  strings,  and  again  swelling  to  a width 
of  several  inches  ; once  it  was  seen  12  inches.  Again,  the  mineral 
is  in  distinct  nests,  separate  from  the  veins. 

(Dr.  H.  remarks  that  he  made  a careful  study  of  this  vein,  so  as 
to  be  able  to  dispel  the  illusion  held  by  Indians  and  traders  that 
there  was  gold  and  silver  here,  this  being  a favorite  landing  in  pass- 
ing along  the  lake-shore  in  canoes  and  small  boats.  These  views 
were  not  published,  owing  to  Dr.  Houghton’s  death,  and  not 
heeded.  Mining  was  afterwards  begun  here,  and  ended  disas- 
trously.) 


APPENDIX  F. 


IRON-ORE  DOCK. 


(SEE  PLATE.) 


IRON  ORE  DOCK  of  the 


0 Posts  sustauwuj  ore  "pockets  and  ore 


APPENDIX  F. 


Marquette,  Houghton  and  Ontonagon  Railroad. 

L’Anse,  Mich.,  January  3 1st,  1873. 

Major  T.  B.  Brooks  : 

Dear  Sir  : In  conformity  with  instructions  received  from  Jacob 
Houghton,  Esq.,  chief  engineer,  I herewith  submit  plans  and  de- 
scription of  the  Marquette,  Houghton  and  Ontonagon  Railroad 
Iron-Ore  Dock,  at  this  terminus  of  the  road. 

The  ore  dock  is  546  feet  long,  36  feet  wide,  by  38  feet  high,  and 
is  composed  of  43  bents,  with  clear  spans  of  12  feet.  The  founda- 
tion is  of  piles — one  pile  for  each  post,  driven  with  a 2,000  lb.  ham- 
mer, falling  35  feet. 

The  piles  are  cut  off  3 feet  above  water  and  capped ; above  the 
caps  are  placed  the  streak-sills,  and  on  these  rest  the  main  bents. 
The  main  posts,  sills,  caps,  pocket-posts,  pocket-post  caps,  streak- 
sills,  and  side-stringers  are  12x12  inch  timber.  The  track-stringers 
are  12  x 14  inch  timber.  The  pocket-posts  are  not  framed  with  the 
main  bents,  but  simply  rest  on  the  main  sills,  and  are  bolted  to  main 
posts.  The  ore  dock  has  80  vessel  pockets,  40  on  each  side,  and 
at  the  end  are  4 steamboat  pockets. 

Each  pocket  will  hold  about  75  tons  of  ore.  The  dock  is  of 
sufficient  capacity  to  load  four  vessels  and  one  steamboat  at  the 
same  time.  For  convenience  of  loading,  the  vessel  pockets  are  divi- 
ded into  sets  of  20  ; these  are  again  divided  into  sets  of  2.  The 
height  of  each  set  above  low  water  is  as  follows  : 20  ft.,  19  ft.,  20 
ft.,  21  ft.,  22  ft.,  23  ft.,  21  ft.,  20  ft.,  19  ft.,  and  20  ft.  The  ore  is 
delivered  on  board  the  vessels  from  the  pockets  by  means  of  spouts. 
These  are  of  varying  length,  and  as  follows  : the  1st,  3d,  5th, 
7th,  1 oth,  13th,  15th,  17th,  and  19th  are  16  feet  long  ; the  9th  and 
12th  are  12  feet  long,  and  the  2d,  4th,  6th,  8th,  nth,  14th,  16th, 
1 8th,  and  20th  are  18  ft.  long. 

The  steamboat  pockets  are  12  feet  above  water,  with  short 


250 


APPENDIX  F. 


spouts  9 feet  long,  which  deliver  the  ore  into  hand-carts,  and  in 
them  it  is  wheeled  on  board  the  steamer. 

The  above  arrangement  of  pockets  and  spouts  has  been  found  by 
experience  to  be  the  best  adapted  for  the  expeditious  loading  of 
vessels. 

The  spouts  are  of  2-inch  pine  plank,  lined  with  i^-inch  tank-iron, 
and  are  hinged  at  the  mouth  of  the  pockets.  They  are  raised  or 
lowered  by  a crab-wrench,  placed  as  shown  on  the  plans. 

The  outside  tracks  on  the  dock  are  used  for  discharging  the  ore 
into  the  pockets  ; the  centre  track  is  for  empty  cars,  which  are 
transferred  by  means  of  a transfer  table,  placed  between  bents 
Nos.  41  and  42. 

The  pockets  are  lined  with  one  course  of  3-inch  pine  plank  and 
one  course  of  3-inch  hardwood  plank.  The  mouths  have  an  addi- 
tional lining  of  i^-inch  tank-iron. 

The  timber  used  in  the  construction  of  the  ore  dock  is  white  and 
Norway  pine.  The  smaller  details  of  construction  are  shown  by 
the  accompanying  plans,  which  represent  : a front  elevation,  with 
spouts  removed  ; a section,  with  side  planking  removed,  showing 
angle  of  inclination,  and  a plan  of  top  of  dock. 

Respectfully  yours, 

C.  H.  Palmer,  Jr., 

Assist.  Engineer. 


Note. — Chapter  I.,  Vol.  I.,  contains  a description  of  a dock  owned  by  the  same  com- 
pany, with  view  showing  vessels  loading. 


APPENDIX  G. 


CENSUS  STATISTICS. 


APPENDIX  G 


United  States  Census  Statistics  for  the  Upper  Peninsula  of  Michi- 
gan— Census  of  1870. 

POPULATION  BY  COUNTIES. 


(Chapter  IX.,  Vol.  I.,  gives  the  nationality  at  several  Marquette  mines.) 


Chippewa. 


POPULATION. 

Dwellings. 

Families. 

Voters. 

5 

0 

H 

V 

£ 

Foreign. 

1 

$ 

Colored. 

Sault  Ste  Marie 

Sugar  Island 

Warren 

Total 

1213 

238 

238 

932 

126 

139 

281 

99 

610 

162 

178 

*3 

+76 

*2 

226 

48 

46 

223 

48 

48 

§207 

44 

45 

1689 

1197 

492 

950 

739 

320 

319 

296 

* Also  6co  Indians,  f All  Indians.  \ Also  58  Indians.  § Does  not  include  U.  S. 
soldiers. 


Delta. 


Centreville 

86 

43 

406 

43 

427 

86 

10 

12 

8 

Delton 

833 

828 

*5 

113 

115 

137 

Escanaba  

1370 

774 

596 

1356 

t4 

205 

220 

224 

Masonville 

152 

62 

90 

152 

19 

19 

19 

St.  Martin’s  Island 

IOI 

78 

23 

IOI 

Total 

2542 

1363 

1179 

2523 

19 

347 

366 

388 

* All  Indians.  f Also  10  Indians. 


254 


APPENDIX  G. 


Houghton. 


Total. 

Native. 

' 3 

C 

Foreign.  > 

H 

O 

1 1 

•WHM 

1 * 

Colored. 

Dwellings. 

Families. 

Voters. 

Adams 

670 

253 

417 

670 

125 

117 

97 

Baraga 

160 

IOO 

60 

155 

*5 

23 

23 

33 

Calumet 

3182 

II3I 

2051 

3175 

t2 

394 

518 

394 

Franklin 

2163 

IO52 

I I I I 

2145 

*18 

465 

399 

283 

Hancock 

2700 

II 13 

1587 

2693 

«6 

400 

433 

493 

Huron 

769 

373 

396 

769 

157 

139 

93 

L’  Anse 

33 

23 

IO 

33 

14 

10 

11 

Portage 

1540 

841 

699 

1520 

jl2 

245 

276 

263 

Quincy 

1117 

432 

685 

11 17 

201 

216 

120 

Schoolcraft 

669 

225 

444 

629 

§4 

120 

121 

62 

Webster 

876 

467 

409 

872 

4 

216 

177 

95 

Total 

I3»879 

6010 

Os 

so 

00 

1 

13,778 

IOI 

2360 

2429 

1944 

* All  Indians,  f Also  5 Indians.  % Also  8 Indians.  § Also  36  Indians.  ||  Also  1 
Indian. 


Keweenaw. 


Clifton 

615 

285 

330 

615 

165 

114 

105 

Copper  Harbor 

359 

173 

186 

358 

"i; 

81 

49 

1 14 

Eagle  Harbor 

778 

374 

404 

778 

215 

150 

118 

Grant 

152 

83 

69 

152 

158 

25 

27 

Houghton 

1325 

665 

660 

1321 

*2 

260 

235 

268 

Sherman 

929 

449 

480 

929 

162 

156 

171 

Sibley 

28 

30 

17 

47 

69 

10 

12 

Total 

4205 

2059 

2146 

1 4200 

5 

iiio 

739 

885 

* Also  2 Indians,  f An  Indian. 


Marquette. 


Chocolay 

260I 

95 

165 

260 

47 

47 

40 

Ishpeming 

6103 

1757 

4346 

6094 

* *i 

893 

988 

606 

Marquette 

4617 

2186 

2431 

4497 

+58 

768 

846 

985 

Munissing 

799 

305 

494 

797 

u 

127 

127 

145 

Negaunee 

3254 

1450 

1804 

3552 

2 

5i7 

573 

586 

Total 

15.033 

5793 

9240 

14,900 

133 

2352 

2581 

2362 

* Also  8 Indians,  f Also  62  Indians.  % Both  Indians. 


APPENDIX  G. 


255 


VILLAGES. 


Marquette 4,000 

Negaunee 2,559 


Mackinac. 


POPULATION. 

Dwellings. 

Families. 

Voters. 

Total. 

j Native. 

F oreign. 

j White. 

Colored. 

Holmes 

938 

373 

405 

722 

312 

349 

2l6 

6l 

56 

837 

315 

254 

*2 

M 

\l9 

.... 

129 

4 

38 

Moran 

St.  Ignace 

Total 

1716 

1383 

333 

1406 

310 

171 

* Also  99  Indians,  f Also  54  Indians.  \ Also  132  Indians. 


Menominee. 


Cedarville 

194 

109 

85 

192 

*2 

23 

23 

4i 

Menominee 

1597 

809 

788 

158S 

t9 

224 

246 

343 

Total 

1791 

918 

873 

1777 

14 

247 

269 

384 

* Both  Indians,  f Also  3 Indians. 


Ontonagon. 


Algonquin 

54 

32 

22 

54 

8 

8 

7 

Carp  Lake 

25 

17 

8 

23 

”*2 

5 1 

5 

6 

Greenland 

548 

295 

253 

548 

98 

99 

78 

Ontonagon 

739 

512 

227 

711 

1 l3 

141 

142 

148 

Rockland 

1479 

858 

621 

1477 

*2 

265 

267 

177 

Total 

2845 

1714 

1131 

2813 

32 

5i7 

521 

416 

* All  Indians,  f Also  15  Indians. 


POPULATION  OF  SCHOOLCRAFT  COUNTY. 

Whites,  797 ; Indians,  2. 


Grand  Total  for  the  Upper 
Peninsula 

44,499  20,437 

I 

23,263  42,347 

1353 

1 

7253j  7224 

5096 

1 

1 

256 


APPENDIX  G. 


ACREAGE,  VALUATION  AND  TAXES. 


COUNTIES. 

No.  of 
Towns 
and 
Wards. 

No.  of  Acres  of 
Land  Assess- 
ed in  1871. 

Aggregate  of  Real  and 
Personal  Estate  as 
equalized  by  State 
Board  of  Equaliza- 
tion for  1871. 

Total  of  Taxes 
Apportioned 
for  1871. 

Marquette  

9 

2 

424,383  OO 

$3,990,000 
1,570,000 
1,570,000 
1,310,000 
520,000 
450,000 
450,000 
2, 100,000 

OO 

$4,794  53 
1,886  52 
1,886  54 

D573  74 
624  85 
540  68 
540  68 

2,523  50 

540  68 

Menominee 

OO 

Keweenaw 

7 

238,306  43 
244,959  60 

OO 

Ontonagon 

5 

OO 

Schoolcraft 

j 

T 

OO 

Chippewa 

J 

3 

135,904  8l 

I32>939  00 
303,422  47 

73,957  21 

OO 

Delta  . . . 

4 

OO 

Houghton 

1 1 

OO 

Mackinac 

3 

450,000 

OO 

APPENDIX  H. 


MAGNETIC  ANALYSIS. 


APPENDIX  H 


Magnetic  Analysis. 

TABLE  of  percentage  of  powder  of  various  Lake  Superior  ores 
lifted  by  the  magnet,  with  color  of  same.  The  chemical  analysis 
of  the  same  specimens  is  given  in  Chapter  X. , Vol.  I.  The  mixed 
red  and  black  oxides  here  given  are  described  under  Iron  Ores  in 
Chapter  III. , Vol.  I. , and  their  magnetic  properties  in  Chapter  VIII. , 
Vol.  I. 


•Number 

of 

Analysis. 

Name  of  Mine. 

: 

Kind  of  Ore. 

Percentage 
lifted  by 
the  Magnet. 

Percentage  not  1 
lifted  by 
the  Magnet. 

Color  of  Powder. 

225 

Michigamme 

Magnetic. 

96.42 

.3-58 

Grayish  Black. 

226 

Spurr  Mountain 

Magnetic. . . . 

94.91 

5-09 

do.  do. 

227 

Champion  “ Slate  ” 

Specular 

5.IO 

94.9O 

Steel  Gray. 

228 

Champion  “ Black  ” . . . . 

Magnetic.  ... 

96.90 

3.IO 

Steely  Black. 

229 

Jackson  “Old  Pioneer”. 

Specular 

. .78 

99.22 

Purplish  Brown. 

230 

Jackson  “ Slate  ” 

Specular 

.29 

99.71 

Purple. 

231 

Jackson  Hematite 

Hematite .... 

.09 

99.9I 

Light  Brown. 

232 

Magnetic 

Magnetic.  . . . 

95-91 

4.O9 

Grayish  Black. 

233 

Republic  “ Specular  ”... 

Specular 

.04 

99-95 

Steely  Gray. 

234 

Republic  “ Magnetic  ” . . 

Magnetic.  . . . 

85-37 

14.63 

do.  Black. 

235 

Kloman 

Specular. .... 

2.79 

97.21 

do.  Gray. 

236 

New  York  “ R.R.  Pit”. 

Specular. .... 

6.20 

93.8c 

Brownish  Purple. 

237 

N.  York  “ Taylor’s  Pit  ” 
N.  York  Beardslie’s  Pit. 

Specular 

15.09 

84.91 

Purple. 

238 

Specular 

39-76 

60.24 

Purplish  Black. 

239 

New  England 

Hematite. . . . 

•32 

99.68 

Raw  Umber. 

240 

Winthrop 

Hematite. . . . 

.19 

99.81 

Dark  Purple. 

241 

Rolling  Mill 

Hematite. . . . 

1. 41 

98.59 

Purplish  Brown. 

242 

Williams  

Hematite. . . . 

2.28 

97.72 

Purple. 

243 

Himrod 

Hematite. . . . 

.07 

99-93 

Purplish  Brown. 

244  to  248 

Menominee  ) 

Specular 

7.58 

92.41 

Purplish  Silver  Gray. 

249  to  253 

Iron  Region  [ 

Specular. .... 

1. 21 

98.79 

do.  do.  do. 

APPENDIX  I. 


MINING  LAWS. 


APPENDIX  I. 


Synopsis  of  the  Mining  Laws  of  Michigan. — One  of  the  first 
questions  asked  by  a capitalist  proposing  to  invest  money  in  a 
mining  enterprise,  is  in  relation  to  the  laws  under  which  the  pro- 
perty is  held.  These,  both  State  and  Federal,  vary  widely  in  dif- 
ferent portions  of  the  United  States,  and  still  more  from  the 
elaborate  and  extensive  mining  codes  of  Europe. 

The  greater  part  of  the  mining  property  of  the  Upper  Peninsula 
is  owned  by  persons  residing  beyond  the  limits  of  the  State,  and  in 
some  instances  by  citizens  of  other  countries.  The  Michigan  laws, 
contained  in  many  volumes,  are  often  not  accessible  to  such  per- 
sons ; so  for  their  benefit,  as  well  as  for  any  others  who  desire  to 
inform  themselves  quickly  regarding  the  leading  features  and  re- 
quirements of  the  laws  of  Michigan  relating  to  mining  and  manu- 
facturing companies,  the  following  synopsis  was  prepared  by  Mr. 
C.  D.  Lawton,  and  has  also  been  overlooked  by  Messrs.  Daniel  H. 
Ball,  and  James  M.  Wilkinson,  of  Marquette. 

As  several  of  the  provisions  of  the  earlier  laws  were  afterwards 
amended,  the  synopsis  must  be  read  through  to  get  at  the  present 
law. 

Synopsis  of  the  Laws  in  reference  to  the  formation  of  Corporations  for  mining,  smelting, 

* or  manufacturing  iron,  copper,  etc.  Approved  February  5th,  1853.  (Sete  Laws  of 
i853>  P*  53-) 

SECTION  i . Provides  that  all  corporations  organized  under  this 
act  shall  be  capable  of  suing  and  being  sued  in  any  court  in  this 
State  ; may  have  a seal  and  may  alter  it  at  pleasure.  The  ma- 
jority of  the  stockholders  of  each  shall  elect  the  officers,  prescribe 
their  duties,  etc.,  and  determine  the  by-laws. 

Sec.  2.  Provides  that  the  number  of  persons  forming  the  corpo- 
ration shall  not  be  less  than  three,  that  the  articles  of  agreement 
shall  be  in  writing,  that  they,  their  successors  and  assigns,  shall  con- 
stitute a body  corporate  under  the  name  assumed  by  the  company  ; 
also  that  no  two  companies  shall  have  the  same  name. 


264 


APPENDIX  /. 


Sec.  3.  Provides  that  before  any  company  organized  under  this 
act  can  commence  business,  the  articles  must  be  filed  at  length 
in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  and  in  the  office  of  the  clerk 
of  the  county  in  which  the  company  propose  to  operate.  (See  19 
Mich.,  p.  194;  also  12  Mich.,p.  395.) 

Sec.  4.  The  articles  of  every  such  association  shall  be  signed  by 
the  persons  associating  in  the  first  instance,  and  acknowledged  be- 
fore some  person  authorized  by  the  laws  of  this  State  to  take  ac- 
knowledgments of  deeds,  and  shall  state — 

First.  Distinctly  and  definitely  the  purpose  for  which  the  same  is 
formed  ; 

Second.  The  amount  of  their  capital  stock,  and  the  number  of 
shares ; 

Third.  The  amount  of  capital  stock  actually  paid  in  ; 

Fourth.  The  names  of  the  stockholders,  their  respective  resi- 
dences, and  the  number  of  shares  held  by  each  person  ; 

Fifth.  The  place  in  this  State  where  their  office  for  the  transac- 
tion of  business  is  located,  and  the  county  or  counties  in  which  their 
business  is  to  be  carried  on  ; 

Sixth.  The  term  of  its  existence,  not  to  exceed  thirty  years. 

SEC.  5.  Every  corporation  shall,  annually,  in  the  month  of  July, 
make  a report,  signed  by  a majority  of  the  board  of  directors,  con- 
taining— 

First.  The  amount  of  capital  actually  paid  in  ; 

Second.  The  amount  invested  in  real  estate  ; 

Third.  The  amount  of  their  personal  estate  ; 

Fourth.  The  amount  of  their  debts  and  credits,  as  near  as  may 
be  ; 

Fifth.  The  name  of  each  stockholder,  and  the  number  of  shares 
held  by  him  at  the  date  of  such  report ; and  every  such  report  shall 
be  verified,  on  oath,  by  the  officers  signing  the  same  ; which  report 
shall  be  filed  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  and  with  the 
clerk  of  the  county  where  the  mine  is  situated,  in  said  month  of 
July;  and  if  any  person  shall,  as  to  any  material  facts,  knowingly 
(and  willfully)  swear  or  affirm  falsely,  he  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of 
perjury  and  be  punished  accordingly;  and  every  company  organized 
for  mining  or  smelting  purposes  shall  within  the  said  month  of  July, 


APPENDIX  I. 


265 


file  a copy  of  said  report  with  the  clerk  of  the  county  where  the 
mine  of  the  company  is  located  ; and  if  the  directors  of  any  mining 
company  shall,  intentionally,  neglect  or  refuse  to  make  such  report 
and  file  the  same  and  a copy  thereof,  as  hereinbefore  provided, 
each  of  such  directors  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a misdemeanor, 
and  upon  conviction  thereof  shall  be  punished  by  a fine  not  ex- 
ceeding one  thousand  dollars. 

Sec.  6.  The  amount  of  the  capital  stock  in  every  such  corpora- 
tion shall  be  fixed  and  limited  by  the  stockholders  in  their  articles 
of  association,  and  shall,  in  no  case,  be  less  than  ten  thousand  dol- 
lars, nor  more  than  five  hundred  thousand  dollars,  and  shall  be 
divided  into  shares  of  twenty-five  dollars  each.  The  capital  stock 
may  be  increased,  and  the  number  of  shares,  at  any  meeting  of  the 
stockholders  called  for  that  purpose  : Provided , That  the  amount 
so  increased  shall  not,  with  the  existing  capital,  exceed  five  hun- 
dred thousand  dollars.  (See  Sec.  6 of  an  act  supplementary  to  this 
act,  approved  February  6th,  1855-) 

SEC.  7.  Provides  that  it  shall  not  be  lawful  to  use  the  funds  of 
the  corporation  for  any  other  purpose  than  those  set  forth  in  the 
articles  of  association. 

Sec.  8.  Provides  that  any  two  members  may  call  the  first  meet- 
ing, by  giving  15  days’  notice  through  some  newspaper,  of  time  and 
place  of  meeting.  (All  stockholders  may  appear  without  notice  and 
act.) 

SEC.  9.  Provides  that  there  shall  be  at  least  3 directors  and  not 
more  than  9,  one  of  whom  must  be  a resident  of  this  State  ; that 
they  shall  hold  office  for  one  year,  or  until  their  successors  are 
chosen. 

Sec.  10.  Provides  that  the  officers  shall  be  chosen  from  among 
the  directors. 

SEC.  11.  Provides  that  the  directors  may  call  in  the  capital  stock 
from  time  to  time  ; if  any  stockholder  neglects  to  pay  his  install- 
ment, after  due  notice  his  stock  may  be  sold  at  public  auction. 


266 


APPENDIX  I. 


Sec.  12.  Provides  that  a majority  of  the  directors  constitute  a 
quorum,  and  at  a meeting  of  the  stockholders,  the  majority  of  the 
stock  shall  be  capable  of  transacting  business  ; stockholders  may 
vote  by  proxy. 

SEC.  13.  Provides  that  if  an  election  of  directors  does  not  take 
place  at  the  annual  meeting,  an  election  maybe  held  anytime  there- 
after by  giving  30  days’  notice. 

SEC.  14.  Provides  that  the  books  shall  be  open  to  the  inspection 
of  the  stockholders,  and  that  as  often  as  once  a year  a statement  of 
the  company’s  affairs  shall  be  laid  before  the  stockholders. 

SEC.  15.  Provides  for  the  holding  of  real  and  personal’  estate,  and 
that  all  companies  engaged  in  the  mining  or  manufacturing  of  iron 
or  copper  shall  not  hold  to  exceed  10,000  acres  of  land. 

Sec.  1 6.  Provides  that  the  stock  shall  be  deemed  personal  pro- 
perty, to  be  transferred  on  the  books  only  as  the  directors  deter- 
mine ; that  the  corporation  shall  have  a lien  on  the  stock  of  the 
members  for  debts  due  the  company.  (See  17  Mich.  Reports,  p. 
I4i.) 

SEC.  17.  Provides  that  each  stockholder  shall  be  individually 
liable  for  all  labor  performed  for  the  company,  and  such  liability 
may  be  enforced  after  an  execution  against  the  company  shall  be 
returned  unsatisfied,  or  any  time  after  an  adjudication  in  bank- 
ruptcy ; and  further,  that  any  stockholder  who  shall  be  compelled 
to  pay  such  claim  shall  have  right  to  call  upon  all  stockholders  to 
contribute  their  part  of  the  sum  so  paid,  and  may  sue  them  jointly 
or  severally. 

SEC.  18.  Provides  that  every  mining  corporation  shall  in  the 
month  of  July  of  each  year  make  a report  of  the  amount  mined,  to 
be  filed  with  the  county  clerk  and  auditor-general. 

SEC.  19.  Provides  for  a similar  report  for  any  corporation  or- 
ganized for  manufacturing  purposes. 


APPENDIX  I. 


267 


Sec.  20.  Provides  for  the  imposition  of  specific  taxes  on  mining 
products,  and  is  superseded  by  the  act  of  1872,  March  29. 

SEC.  21.  Provides  that  the  property  of  the  company,  not  includ- 
ing capital  stock,  shall  be  subject  to  the  usual  taxation. 

Sec.  22.  Provides  that  any  legal  process  may  be  served,  pro- 
vided the  officers  of  the  company  cannot  be  found  in  the  county, 
by  posting  it  conspicuously  at  the  company’s  place  of  business-. 

Sec.  23.  Provides  for  the  personal  liability  of  each  of  the  direc- 
tors, in  case  of  non-compliance  with  Sections  3,  5,  18,  and  19.  (See 
19  Mich.  Reports,  p.  187). 

Sec.  24.  Provides  that  in  case  any  corporation  shall  become  in- 
solvent by  reason  of  the  violation  of  the  provisions  of  this  act,  the 
directors  assenting  to  such  violation  shall  be  liable  for  all  debts  con- 
tracted thereafter. 

Sec.  25.  Provides  that  the  Legislature,  for  just  cause,  may  re- 
scind the  charter  of  any  corporation,  and  may  amend  or  repeal  this 
act. 

SEC.  26.  Provides  that  this  act  shall  be  subject  to  the  provisions 
of  the  act  of  1846,  chap.  55>  title  10,  so  far  as  applicable  to  com- 
panies formed  under  this  act.  (Sections  27,  28,  29,  relate  to  Salt 
Companies.) 


AN  ACT  supplementary  to  the  foregoing.  Approved  February  6th,  1855.  (Laws  of 
1855,  page  26.) 

SECTION  i.  Provides  that  a’ny  company  organizing  under  the 
preceding  act,  may  have  an  office  anywhere  in  the  United  States,, 
and  hold  its  business  meetings  thereat,  such  office  to  be  designated 
in  the  articles  of  association,  which  articles  must  also  designate  an 
office  within  this  State. 

Sec.  2.  Provides  that  the  first  meeting  may  be  held  within  this 
State,  or  at  the  business  office  without  the  State,  in  which  latter 


268 


APPENDIX  I. 


case,  15  days’  previous  notice  must  be  given  in  some  newspaper 
in  Detroit,  and  also  in  the  county  in  which  said  office  is  located. 

Sec.  3.  Provides  for  the  manner  of  sale  of  all  stock  forfeited  by 
reason  of  the  non-payment  of  assessments  ; such  stock  belonging  to 
residents  of  the  Upper  Peninsula,  shall  be  sold  at  the  county  seat  in 
which  the  mine  is  located,  30  days’  previous  notice  being  given  in 
some  newspaper  published  on  the  Upper  Peninsula,  and  such  stock 
belonging  to  residents  of  the  Lower  Peninsula,  shall  be  sold  at  the 
office  of  the  company,  if  the  company  have  an  office  in  the  Lower 
Peninsula,  and  if  none,  then  in  the  city  of  Detroit,  30  days’  notice 
being  given  in  the  county  where  the  sale  is  to  be  made. 

SEC.  4.  Provides  that  all  meetings  and  corporate  acts,  had  by 
any  company  organized  under  the  preceding  act,  had  beyond  the 
limits  of  this  State,  and  within  the  United  States,  shall  be  held 
valid,  in  the  same  manner  as  if  had  within  the  State. 

SEC.  5.  Provides  that  any  corporation  doing  business  under 
special  charter,  may  dissolve  and  reorganize  under  the  previous  act. 
The  reorganization  to  be  made  within  60  days  from  date  of  disso- 
lution of  special  charter.  All  demands  against  the  company  under 
the  special  charter  shall  remain  in  force  under  the  new  organization. 

Sec.  6.  Provides  that  any  company  organized  under  the  previ- 
ous act  may  at  any  time  increase  its  capital  stock  to  not  to  exceed 
$1,000,000,  by  a vote  of  two-thirds  of  the  stockholders,  and  the 
shares  to  $50  each,  the  number  not  to  exceed  20,000.  A company 
may  also  diminish  its  capital  stock,  and  the  number  of  shares,  and 
price  per  share  in  same  ratio.  (See  Act  of  February  9th,  1857.) 

SEC.  7.  Provides  for  the  immediate  effect  of  the  supplemental 
act. 


AN  ACT  to  authorize  Mining  Companies  to  subscribe  and  take  stock  in  Plank  Roads  or 
Railroads,  and  to  regulate  Taxation  {hereon.  Approved  February  8th,  1855. 
Amended  and  approved  March  14th,  1863. 

SECTION  i.  Provides  that  any  mining  company  in  the  Upper 
Peninsula  of  Michigan,  duly  organized,  may  take  stock  in  any 


APPENDIX  I. 


269 


company  organized  for  the  purpose  of  improving  or  constructing 
canals,  harbors,  plank  roads,  or  railroads,  when  with  a view 
strictly  of  facilitating  transportation  to  the  mines,  and  the  amount 
of  capital  so  paid  out  shall  be  considered  as  part  of  the  capital  of  the 
road,  harbor,  or  canal  company,  and  as  such  be  taxed,  being  de- 
ducted from  capital  of  the  mining  company. 

Sec.  2.  Provides  that  the  president  and  secretary  of  the  mining 
company  shall,  before  the  first  day  of  May  of  each  year,  return  to 
the  State  Treasurer  the  amount  which  the  company  has  so  sub- 
scribed, and  other  particulars  relating  thereto. 


AN  ACT  to  confer  certain  powers  on  Mining  Companies.  Approved  Feb.  13th,  1855. 

SECTION  i.  Provides  that  it  shall  be  lawful  for  any  mining  com- 
pany, duly  organized  under  the  laws  of  this  State,  to  establish  its 
business  office  anywhere  in  the  United  States,  provided  it  also 
maintain  a business  office  within  this  State,  and  that  any  process 
served  upon  the  agent  in  charge  of  this  office  shall  be  binding  on 
the  company.  The  location  of  such  office  shall  be  fixed  by  the 
stockholders  and  certified  to  the  Secretary  of  State. 

SEC.  2.  Provides  that  offices  which  have  been  heretofore  estab- 
lished without  the  State  shall  remain  until  otherwise  changed  by  the 
company,  provided  that  within  six  months  hereof  an  office  be  loca- 
ted within  the  State,  and  a return  of  the  fact  made  to  the  Secretary 
of  State. 

SEC.  3.  Provides  that  all  meetings  and  corporate  acts  of  any  in- 
corporated mining  company  heretofore  had  without  the  State  and 
within  the  United  States,  shall  have  the  same  legality  as  if  had  in 
this  State. 

SEC.  4.  Provides  that  in  lieu  of  specific  tax  on  corporate  stock 
of  chartered  mining  companies  shall  be  subject  to  a specific  tax,  in 
manner  set  forth  in  Section  20  of  an  act  to  authorize  the  formation 
of  corporations  for  mining,  etc.,  approved  February  5th,  1853. 
(Amended,  1872.) 


270  APPENDIX  I 

AN  ACT  to  authorize  Mining  Corporations  to  increase  the  number  of  shares.  Approved 
February  9th,  1857. 

Section  i.  Provides  that  all  mining  companies  heretofore  or- 
ganized shall  have  power  to  increase  the  number  of  shares  to  not 
to  exceed  20,000  shares. 

Sec.  2.  Provides  that  no  such  increase  of  number  of  shares  shall 
take  effect,  until  the  company  shall  properly  file  with  the  Secretary 
of  State  the  resolution  of  the  board  of  directors  in  regard  to  the 
same. 


AN  ACT  to  authorize  tKe  consolidation  of  Mining  Companies.  Approved  February  17th, 
1857.  [See  Act  of  1871.] 

Section  i . Provides  that  all  mining  companies  organized  under 
the  act  of  1853,  may  consolidate  with  other  such  corporations,  and 
in  such  case  the  company  purchasing  shall  become  vested  with  all 
the  corporate  rights  and  franchises,  in  addition,  of  the  company 
thus  absorbed. 

Sec.  2.  Provides  that  no.  such  consolidation  of  mining  companies 
shall  take  place  without  the  prior  consent  of  the  majority  of  the 
stockholders  of  both  companies. 

SEC.  3.  Provides  that  after  consolidation  any  such  company  shall 
have  power  to  call  in  and  cancel  its  prior  certificates  of  stock,  and 
to  reissue  new  certificates,  and  cancel  the  certificates  of  any  stock- 
holder who  shall  neglect,  after  due  notice,  to  return  his  certificates. 

SEC.  4.  Provides  that  any  corporation  thus  assuming  the  fran- 
chises and  property  of  another,  assumes  also  its  liabilities. 

Sec.  5.  Provides  that  in  the  reissue  of  stock,  there  shall  be  no 
increase  of  stock  beyond  the  joint  capital  stock  of  the  companies 
thus  consolidating. 


AN  ACT  supplementary  to  the  Mining  Act  of  1853.  Approved  March  14th,  1865. 

Section  i.  Provides  that  it  shall  be  lawful  for  any  corporation 


APPENDIX  I. 


271 


organized  under  the  act  of  1853  to  conduct  its  operations  anywhere 
within  the  United  States. 

SEC.  2.  Provides  that  any  corporation  organized  under  the  ori- 
ginal act,  must  first  cause  the  articles  of  association  to  be  filed  with 
the  Secretary  of  State,  and  with  the  clerk  of  the  county  in  which  the 
office  of  the  company  in  this  State  is  situated. 

SEC.  3.  Provides  that  any  such  corporation,  conducting  any  of 
its  operations  without  the  limits  of  this  State,  shall  be  subject 
to  the  laws  of  this  State,  so  far  as  applicable. 


AN  ACT  supplementary  to  the  act  of  1853,  to  authorize  the  formation  of  Mining  and 
Smelting  Companies.  Approved  March  27th,  1867. 

SECTION  i . Provides  that  no  meeting  of  the  stockholders  of  any 
company  organized  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  1853,  for  the 
purpose  of  mining  or  smelting  in  the  Upper  Peninsula,  shall  be 
legal  unless  due  notice  be  given  of  the  time,  place,  and  objects  of 
the  same,  to  be  previously  published,  two  weeks  from  an  annual 
and  four  weeks  from  a special  meeting,  in  some  newspaper  in  the 
county  in  which  the  business  is  carried  on,  or,  if  no  newspaper  is 
published  in  such  county,  then  in  some  paper  published  nearest  to 
the  mine  or  place  where  the  business  is  carried  on  : a copy  of  such 
notice  shall  be  sent  20  days  prior  to  the  meeting  to  each  of  the 
stockholders,  unless  personal  service  be  made,  and  certified  thereto, 
upon  each  and  every  stockholder.  (See  Act  6 of  Laws  of  1872.) 

SEC.  2.  Provides  that  no  sale,  division,  or  mortgage  of  any  of 
the  property  or  franchises  of  any  such  corporation  shall  be  made, 
except  it  be  authorized  by  a three-fifths  vote  of  the  entire  interest 
of  the  stock  of  the  company,  at  a meeting  called  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  Section  1. 

SEC.  3.  Provides  that  any  person  wishing  to  perpetuate  the  evi- 
dence of  any  proceedings,  taken  under  the  preceding  sections, 
may — 

First . Procure  an  affidavit  of  the  serving  of  the  proper  notices. 


272 


APPENDIX  I. 


Second.  Procure  an  affidavit  of  publication  of  notice  of  meeting. 

Third.  Procure  a certified  transcript  of  the  proceedings  of  such 
meeting. 

Fourth.  Secure  the  record  thereof  in  the  Register’s  office  of  the 
proper  county,  such  evidence  to  remain  prima  facie  evidence  of  the 
facts. 

Sec.  4.  Provides  that  any  meeting  called  as  here  set  forth  may 
adjourn  to  any  time  not  exceeding  sixty  days,  to  any  specified 
place. 

Sec.  5.  Provides  that  all  acts  or  parts  thereof  contravening  the 
provisions  of  this  act  are  hereby  repealed. 


AN  ACT  to  authorize  the  consolidation  of  Mining  Companies.  Approved  January  27th, 

1871. 

SECTION  i . Provides  that  mining  corporations  may  by  a vote  of 
three-fifths  of  the  entire  capital  of  each,  actually  present  or  legally 
represented  at  a meeting  called  for  the  purpose,  agree  to  consoli- 
date, and  upon  the  terms  of  such  consolidation.  The  number  of 
shares  and  capital  stock  of  the  consolidated  corporation  shall  not 
be  greater  than  the  aggregate  stock  and  shares  of  the  companies 
thus  consolidated.  No  company  shall  thus  consolidate  whose  capi- 
tal paid  in  or  whose  expenditures  for  land  and  improvements  are  less 
than  $100,000  : before  the  completion  of  such  consolidation,  the  seve- 
ral corporations  shall  file  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State  the 
verified  certificates  of  the  proper  officers  of  each  company,  showing 
the  amount  of  capital  stock  paid  in,  the  amount  expended  for  lands 
and  improvements  thereon.  The  lands  of  such  corporations  shall 
be  known  as  mineral  lands,  and  shall  be  in  every  case  adjacent  to 
each  other.  The  capital  of  no  consolidated  corporation  shall  be 
divided  into  a greater  number  of  shares  than  80,000,  and  the 
amount  of  stock  called  in  shall  in  no  case  exceed  the  aggregate  of 
the  unpaid  stock  of  the  several  corporations  at  the  time  of  con- 
solidation, and  that  the  par  value  of  the  shares  shall  be  fixed  at  the 
meeting  at  which  the  consolidation  is  effected,  and  shall  not  exceed 
$25,  nor  be  less  than  $10,  and  each  certificate  of  stock  issued  shall 


APPENDIX  /. 


273 


upon  its  face  state  the  par  value  thereof  and  the  amount  of  assess- 
ment to  which  it  is  liable. 

SEC.  2.  Provides  that  the  consolidated  corporation  shall  enjoy 
the  aggregate  franchises,  rights  and  estates  pertaining  to  the  seve- 
ral corporations,  and  be  subject  to  the  liabilities  existing  against 
each,  and  the  several  corporations  shall  exist  for  the  purpose  of 
prosecuting  or  defending  any  legal  proceedings  then  pending  or 
subsequently  instituted  against  or  by  either  of  them. 

Sec.  3.  Provides  that  the  officers  of  the  several  corporations 
shall  continue  to  exercise  all  their  powers  until  the  new  corporation 
shall  be  organized,  and  thereafter  shall  continue  for  the  purpose  of 
perfecting  said  union. 

SEC.  4.  Provides  that  any  mining  company  consolidated  under 
this  act  shall  have  power  to  call  in  and  cancel  the  stock  of  the  seve- 
ral companies,  and  to  issue  new  certificates  of  stock  in  the  consoli- 
dated corporation  to  the  stockholders  in  such  proportions  as  each 
shall  be  entitled  to,  and  to  cancel  the  certificates  of  any  stock- 
holder who  shall  not  return  them  after  the  publishing  for  90  days 
of  the  notice  of  the  resolution  in  some  daily  newspaper  in  Detroit, 
also  in  some  paper  published  in  the  Upper  Peninsula,  also  in  some 
paper  published  in  the  place  where  the  principal  business  office  is 
located. 

SEC.  5.  Provides  for  the  repeal  of  all  acts  inconsistent  with  the 
provisions  of  this  act. 


AN  ACT  to  authorize  Corporations  of  other  States  to  engage  in  Mining,  Smelting,  or 
Refining  Ores  within  this  State.  Approved  April  15th,  1871. 

SECTION  i.  Provides  that  corporations  formed  under  laws  of 
other  States,  for  the  purpose  of  mining,  etc.,  ores,  may  engage  in 
such  business  in  this  State,  and  acquire  all  necessary  property,  but 
shall  not  hold  to  exceed  6,000  acres  of  land  at  one  time. 

SEC.  2.  Provides  that  said  corporations  shall  be  subject  to  the 
same  requirements  as  if  organized  in  this  State. 


274 


APPENDIX  I. 


Sec.  3.  Provides  that,  except  for  State  taxes  and  fines,  any 
amount  due  for  labor  shall  have  a first  lien  over  all  other  claims,  on 
any  property  within  this  State  belonging  to  such  corporation,  in 
same  manner  as  if  the  corporation  was  organized  in  this  State. 

Sec.  4.  Provides  that  any  corporation  doing  business  in  this 
State  shall  keep  an  office,  and  officer  in  charge  of  it,  in  the  county 
where  its  business  is  carried  on,  and  the  service  of  any  legal  process 
against  such  company  may  be  made  on  such  officer.  If  such  officer 
cannot  be  found  at  such  place  of  business,  then  process  may  be 
served  by  posting  a copy  thereof  in  a conspicuous  place  in  such 
office. 


AN  ACT  amendatory  of  the  foregoing  so  far  as  relates  to  the  Imposition  of  Taxes  on  Min- 
ing and  Smelting  Corporations.  Approved  March  29th,  1872. 

Section  i.  Provides  that  all  companies  possessed  of  corporate 
powers,  engaged  in  mining  copper  in  this  State,  shall  pay  to  the 
State  a specific  tax  of  75  cents  for  each  ton  of  copper  obtained, 
and  every  such  organization  engaged  in  iron  mining  shall  pay  a tax 
of  one  cent  for  each  gross  ton  of  ore  obtained,  and  every  such  or- 
ganization engaged  in  coal  mining  shall  pay  a tax  of  one-half  cent 
per  gross  ton.  Such  taxes  to  be  paid  in  July,  at  the  office  of  the 
State  Treasurer,  or  at  such  place  in  Detroit  as  he  may  designate. 
Except  for  specific  taxes  upon  capital  or  joint  stock,  the  taxes  here 
designated  shall  be  in  lieu  of  all  State  tax.  Of  specific  taxes  re- 
ceived, whether  part  due  or  to  accrue  from  corporate  companies 
engaged  in  mining  in  the  Upper  Peninsula,  one-half  shall  be 
placed  to  credit  of  general  fund  and  one-half  to  the  credit  of  the 
counties  from  which  it  is  received,  and  be  paid  to  such  counties  in 
like  manner  as  other  funds,  and  be  used  for  county  purposes. 

Nothing  herein  shall  be  construed  to  exempt  from  State  taxation 
any  property  not  invested  in  mining  or  manufacturing  as  contem- 
plated in  this  act. 


AN  ACT  to  authorize  the  Auditor-General  to  assess,  by  estimated  specific  Taxes,  upon  Cor- 
porations which  might  neglect  or  refuse  to  make  a Report  as  required  by  law,  and  to 
collect  the  same.  Approved  March  29th,  1872. 

Section  i.  Provides  that  the  Auditor-General  shall  estimate  and 


APPENDIX  /. 


275 


charge  the  amount  of  specific  tax  due  from  any  corporation  neg- 
lecting to  return  the  same,  as  heretofore  provided,  from  the  best 
information  he  can  obtain,  and  shall  forthwith  sign  a written  state- 
ment of  the  amount  so  estimated,  and  send  by  mail,  or  otherwise, 
to  any  officer  or  director  of  the  corporation. 

Sec.  2.  Provides  that  in  case  any  such  corporation  neglecting 
to  pay  the  tax  so  estimated,  after  not  less  than  40  days  from  re- 
ceiving such  notice,  and  no  appeal  shall  have  been  taken,  the  Audi- 
tor-General shall  issue  his  warrant  to  the  sheriff  of  the  county  in 
which  the  principal  office  in  this  State  is  situated,  commanding  him 
to  forthwith  levy  and  collect  the  same,  with  ten  per  cent,  additional 
for  his  own  fees,  by  distress  and  sale  of  any  property  of  such  com- 
pany found  in  this  State,  and  make  returns  to  the  State  Treasurer 
within  ten  days  thereafter. 

Sec.  3.  Provides  that  the  sheriff  shall  give  the  usual  public 
notice  of  sale,  by  conspicuously  posting  such  notice  in  three  public 
places  ten  days  previously,  within  the  township,  city,  or  village 
where  the  sale  is  to  occur,  and  that  the  sale  shall  be  by  public 
auction. 

Sec.  4.  Provides  that  if  the  property  so  distrained  cannot  be 
sold  for  want  of  bidders,  or  is  insufficient,  the  sheriff  shall  return 
such  fact  to  the  Auditor-General,  and  the  company,  still  neglecting 
to  pay  the  tax  during  30  days  thereafter,  shall  forfeit  its  charter 
and  franchises. 

SEC.  5-  Provides  that  within  30  days,  and  not  thereafter,  from 
receiving  notice  of  the  Auditor-General’s  estimate,  the  corporation 
may  appeal  therefrom  to  the  circuit  court  of  the  county  of  Ing- 
ham, under  conditions  set  forth  in  this  section,  and  upon  a full 
compliance  with  which  the  court  shall  proceed  to  the  trial  of  the 
case,  and  questions  of  law  therein  arising  may  be  carried  to  the 
supreme  court.  In  this  trial  the  estimate  of  the  Auditor-General 
shall  be  prima  facie  evidence  of  the  amount  of  specific  tax  due 
from  the  corporation.  And  if,  after  filing  their  appeal,  the  company 
fail  to  notice  it  for  trial  during  the  next  two  successive  terms  of 
the  court,  said  appeal  shall  upon  motion  of  the  Attorney-General 


2 76 


APPENDIX  I. 


be  dismissed,  and  the  Auditor-General  shall  immediately  issue  his 
warrant  for  the  taxes,  as  before  set  forth  in  Sec.  2,  and  no  further 
appeal  shall  be  taken. 

SEC.  6.  Provides  that  the  Auditor-General,  immediately  after 
the  first  of  May,  1872,  shall  estimate  and  collect  the  specific  tax,  as 
provided  in  Sec.  5,  from  all  companies  which  have  heretofore  neg- 
lected to  report  the  same,  and  the  proceedings  shall  be  the  same. 

SEC.  7.  Provides  that  the  term  corporation,  as  used  in  this  act, 
shall  include  all  companies  having  power  of  corporate  bodies. 


APPENDIX  J. 


Metallurgical  Qualities. 


APPENDIX  J. 


I REGRET  exceedingly  that  the  following  communication  from  Mr. 
Tuttle  was  not  received  in  time  for  me  to  have  made  some  of  the 
corrections  suggested  by  him  on  the  Statistical  Sheets  XII.  and 
XIII.  of  the  Atlas.  I can  now  do  no  better  than  to  insert  his  let- 
ter, and  trust  he  will  excuse  such  use  made  of  a communication  not 
intended  for  publication.  I state  at  the  bottom  of  the  table  of 
“ Metallurgical  Qualities  of  certain  L.  S.  Ores,”  on  Sheet  XIII., 
that  it  is  “ quite  incomplete,”  and  there  give  a reason.  For  any 
inaccuracies  in  the  statements  I am  not  responsible,  as  it  is  care- 
fully compiled  from  information  furnished  by  consumers.  I made 
every  effort  to  obtain  a valuable  paper  on  this  subject  from  practi- 
cal men  who  had  had  large  experience  in  the  use  of  these  ores  in 
Ohio  and  Pennsylvania,  but  did  not  succeed  for  want  of  money. 


Cleveland,  O.,  March  14th,  1873. 

Major  T.  B.  Brooks,  C.  E., 

Museum  of  Practical  Geology , 

Jermyn  Street , London. 

Dear  Sir  : Yours  of  7th  inst.  received,  with  the  advance  sheets 
of  statistics,  for  which  I am  obliged.  I will  make  some  corrections 
and  suggestions.  In  the  list  of  Blast  Furnaces,  Sheet  XIII.,  Ne- 
shommock  Iron  Co.  should  be  Neshannock  ; Harbaugh,  Mathois  & 
Owens,  should  be  Matthias;  Andrews  & Hitchcock  Hubbard, 
the  word  Hubbard  is  their  location,  and  should  be  in  smaller  letters 
In  the  caption  to  this  list  of  furnaces,  please  add  Ohio  after  Cleve- 
land. 

On  the  same  Sheet,  the  “ Metallurgical  Qualities,”  as  reported  by 
consumers,  is  not  worth  anything.  A few , perhaps  four  to  six  of 
them,  are  substantially  correct,  the  others  are  not ; as  for  instance, 


28o 


APPENDIX  J. 


“ Lafayette  Iron  Co.,  Brazil,”  are  under  the  class  of  Washington 
ores,  whereas  we  never  knew  of  their  having  a ton  of  it ; and  others 
are  under  classes  of  ores  of  which  they  have  had  but  a small  pro- 
portion of  their  mixture,  say  \ or  less.  Take  the  first  name  on  the 
list,  Rawle  Noble  & Co.,  who  undertake  to  say  Jackson  ore 
with  § Rossie,  Ontario  & Champlain  made  an  iron  “ also  for  steel,” 
which  is  absurd.  The  bond  fide  results  are,  that  good  assorted  red 
specular  alone  and  also  with  good  magnetic  makes  good  Bessemer 
steel  iron  wherever  the  fuel  and  flux  are  also  good.  Red  specular 
alone  is  red-short ; the  granular  portion  from  the  magnetic  mines  is 
neutral  or  cold-short  slightly  ; the  specular  portion  of  the  magnetic 
mines  is  red-short,  but  not  quite  as  red-short  as  the  old  red  specu- 
lar ; a mixture  of  old  red  specular  and  magnetic  makes  a better  iron 
than  either  alone. 

I would  advise  to  omit  the  “ Metallurgical  Qualities  ” table  en- 
tirely, as  it  will  only  mislead  all  who  do  not  know  that  it  is 
erroneous. 

On  the  other  Sheet,  in  the  “ Diagram  showing  the  production 
and  percentage  of  Iron  Ore,  etc.,”  against  the  end  of  the  line  which 
shows  the  production  of  ist-class  red  specular  ore  is  placed  58  per 
cent. , which  belongs  opposite  the  end  of  the  next  line  above,  which 
is  the  line  of  percentage  of  yield.  This  line  of  percentage  of  yield, 
in  order  to  fairly  represent  the  facts,  ought  to  be  accompanied  by 
the  words,  “ average  of  all  grades,”  say  as  follows  : “ Average  es- 
timated yield  of  iron  from  each  year’s  total  shipments  of  all  grades 
of  ore.”  The  facts  being  that  the  percentage  (average)  has  been 
let  down  more  by  the  introduction  of  so  many  leaner  ores  than  by 
the  letting  down  of  the  standard  of  the  mines  which  first  constituted 
the  total  amount.  The  customers  of  the  Lake  Superior  Iron  Co. 
say  to  us  that  they  cannot  see  but  that  ore  was  as  good  during  1872 
as  it  had  been  any  previous  year.  This  was  not  true,  however,  of 
every  one  of  the  old  mines. 

The  left  end  of  the  line  of  the  percentage  of  yield  has  no  indi- 
cation of  what  degree  the  line  starts  at. 

With  these  suggestions,  I do  not  see  but  you  have  got  the  tables 
as  near  right  as  they  can  well  be.  They  afford  a large  amount  of 
information,  and  are  the  results  of  avast  amount  of  labor. 

As  to  Lake  freights , I think  the  following  will  be  as  near  as  a 
brief  statement  can  be  made  : Lake  freights,  Marquette  to  Cleve- 


APPENDIX  J. 


281 


land,  have  ranged  from  $2  to  $6.50  ; average,  about  $3.20.  Lake 
freights,  Escanaba  to  Cleveland,  have  ranged  from  $1.50  to  $5.00  ; 
average  about  $2.20. 

Shall  be  pleased  to  hear  from  you  at  any  time  and  do  anything  I 
can  to  aid  your  work. 

Respectfully  Yours, 

H.  B.  Tuttle. 


APPENDIX  K. 


Contortions  of  Laminae. 


APPENDIX  K. 


The  lamination,  plication  and  faulting  of  the  banded  ore  and  jas- 
per (“  mixed,”  or  2d  class  ore)  possess  so  much  interest  in  connec- 
tion with  the  identification  of  the  iron  ranges,  the  location  of  great 
folds,  and  illustrate  so  beautifully  in  miniature  what  seems  to  have 
occurred  on  a grand  scale  in  the  whole  series  of  rocks  in  which  they 
are  found,  and  are  withal  so  beautiful  in  their  contrast  of  colors 
and  infinity  of  curves,  that  a series  of  carefully  drawn  sketches  will 
here  begin,  tracing  the  contorting  and  faulting  effects  from  simple 
parallel  straight  laminations,  as  shown  in  Figure  19,  to  the  true 
breccia  of  Fig.  29.  The  possible  bearing  of  these  facts  on  the  origin 
of  some  breccias  has  already  received  notice  in  Vol.  I.,  Chap.  III., 
page  89.  All  the  illustrations  were  obtained  from  the  mixed  ore, 
Formation  XII.,  of  the  Republic  Mountain,  except  Figures  26  and 
27,  which  are  from  the  Laurentian  gneisses  of  the  Gogebic  district  ; 
in  all  but  these  last  the  dark  color  represents  jasper  and  the  white 
specular  ore.  The  linear  scale  varies  from  \ to  of  the  original. 


Fig.  19.  Fig.  20. 


Figs.  19  and  20  represent  uncontorted  laminae,  the  pure  ore 
greatly  predominating  ; in  the  latter  figure  are  slight  indications  of 
subsequent  motion. 


286 


APPENDIX  K. 


In  Fig.  21  the  laminae,  although  still  comparatively  regular  as 
to  their  general  course,  show  minor  kinks  and  zig-zags  in  some  of 
the  jasper-laminae. 


Fig.  21. 


Fig.  22  shows  the  next  stage  of  progress  of  bending  the  layers, 
together  with  some  variation  in  their  size ; a tiny  local  fault  can 
also  be  seen. 

In  Figs.  23  and  24  the  process  of  contorting  is  carried  to  such 
length  as  to  nearly  obliterate  parallelisms  and  comparatively  uni- 
form size  of  the  laminae.  At  a in  Fig.  23  is  a thin  lamina  of  quartz, 
presenting  numerous  folds  not  to  be  observed  in  the  contiguous 
and  thicker  laminae  c and  b.  This  interesting  sketch  (scale  of  one- 
eighth)  was  made  at  4,600  feet  S.  E.  and  3,700  feet  S.  W.  of  the 
origin  of  ordinates,  Survey  of  Republic  Mountain,  Map  No.  VI. 


APPENDIX  K. 


287 


Fig.  22. 


Fig.  23.  Fig.  24. 


288 


APPENDIX  K. 


The  thick  black  lamina  of  Fig.  24  introduces  another  phase  of 
the  metamorphism,  which  is  the  semi-faulting  shown  in  Fig.  25, 
where  comparatively  regular  jasper-laminae  have  by  a sheering  mo- 
tion been  more  or  less  completely  separated  into  lenticular,  pris- 
matic and  cylinder-shaped  masses.  If  we  suppose  a similar  motion 
to  have  taken  place  on  a plane  parallel  with  the  surface  of  the  paper, 
it  is  evident  that  the  result  would  be  rude  spheres  and  angular  brec- 
cia-like fragments.  Those  familiar  with  the  “pinch  and  shoot” 
structure  of  the  deposits  of  magnetic  ores  of  New  Jersey  and  New 
York  (which  can  also  be  seen  in  some  of  the  more  extensively 


worked  Marquette  mines),  must  acknowledge  that  Fig.  25  presents 
precisely  similar  phenomena  in  miniature.  The  resemblance  of 
this  figure  to  some  plans  of  Swedish  iron  mines  in  my  possession  is 
very  striking. 


APPENDIX  K. 


289 


Fig.  26,  sketched  in  the  Lauren'tian  rocks  west  of  Lake  Gogebic, 

o ’ o’ 

presents  some  interesting  minute  vein  and  faulting  phenomena. 


The  rock  a is  a hornblendic  gneiss  ; b is  made  up  of  thick  and  thin 
laminae  of  rosy-white  orthoclase  and  coarse-grained  quartz ; c is 

still  coarser,  and  of  the  same  composition. 

19 


290 


APPENDIX  K. 


Fig.  27  is  from  the  same  region  as  26,  but  in  it  predominates  a 
mineral  resembling  both  chlorite  and  mica.  The  dark-colored 
layers  are  magnetic  iron-ore,  which  is  rare  in  the  Laurentian. 
This  figure  shows  very  beautiful  contortions,  and  a double  system 
of  subsequent  faulting,  a , a , are  bunches  of  segregated  gangue. 
The  sketch  is  one-eighteenth  of  the  original. 


Fig.  27. 


These  figures  prove  conclusively  that  the  same  causes  were  at 
work  in  the  older  rocks,  but  nothing  analogous,  so  far  as  I know, 
has  been  observed  in  rocks  younger  than  the  Huronian,  on  the 
Upper  Peninsula. 


APPENDIX  K. 


291 


Fig.  28  was  sketched  at  Republic  Mountain,  and  shows,  in  order 
of  time — 1.  Laminae  of  jasper,  with  longitudinal  shading.  2.  The 
same  laminae  bent,  with  convexity  downward.  3.  A vertical  vein 
of  quartz,  curiously  forked  in  its  lower  part,  cutting  both  ore  and 


Fig.  28. 


jasper.  4.  A.  horizontal  fault,  by  which  the  upper  half  has  moved 
to  the  right.  It  may  here  be  observed  that  quartz  veins,  except 
very  minute  ones,  are  rare. 


292 


APPENDIX  K. 


Fig.  29,  one-tenth  of  the  size  of  the  original,  represents  (dark) 
jasper  and  (white)  specular  ore,  which  originally  may  be  supposed 
to  have  been  arranged  in  regular  alternating  parallel  layers,  but 
which,  owing  to  subsequent  motions  and  metamorphoses,  illustra- 


ted by  this  series,  is  converted  into  the  breccia  presented  by  the 
figure.  This  may  be  regarded  as  the  utmost  limit  reached  by  na 
ture  in  her  efforts  to  obliterate  and  destroy  lamination  by  means 
which  appear  to  have  been  chiefly  mechanical. 


INDEX 


Actinolite 193 

in  argillyte 26,  28 

in  chloritic  schist 24,  222 

in  dioryte 217-221 

in  magnetite-schist 32,  204 

in  quartzose  rocks 21,  22,  223 

schist 24,  226,  228,  229 

Albite 194,  220 

Amphibolc  (see  hornblende ) 193 

in  dioryte. . . .43,  45-49,  156,  215-221,  225-227 

in  dioryte-aphanyte 53 

in  gneiss 36 

in  trappean  dioryte 51,  52 

passage  of,  into  chlorite. . . .24,  43,  47,  94,  139 

passage  of,  into  chlorite  and  mica 36,  78 

passage  of,  into  mica 133 

schist 28,  48,  49,  53,  106 

Amphiboly  te 45,  164,  195 

passing  into  amphibole-schist 48 

Amygdaloid 29,  48-50,  106 

Analysis  of  minerals 1,  41 

of  ores,  magnetic 259 

Andalusite 40,  195 

Ann  Arbor 98,  195 

Anthopliyllite 193 

in  anthophyllite-schist 24,  91-93 

in  magnetite-schist 32 

in  quartzyte 222 

schist 24,  32,  91,  92,  93,  205,  209,  223 

224,  228 

Aphanyte,  dioryte 52,  181,  182,  211,  218,  219 

schist 50,  25,  174,  210 

Argillyte  25-29,  243 

chloritic 25,  28,  29,  40,  229 

description  of  specimens  of 98-108,  203, 

205,  208,  209 

feldspathic,  Huronian 27,  28,  29,  203, 

205,  208,  209 

feldspathic,  Laurentian 40 

feldspathic,  passing  into  chloritic  schist. . 25 

feldspathic,  passing  into  magnetite-schist  32 
feldspathic,  passing  into  siliceous  schist. . 27 

feldspathic,  passing  into  talcose  schist.  .29,  30 

' passing  into  siliceous  schist 23 

slate, 28,  29,  30,  X14,  1x5,  204 

talcose 115,  116 

Asbestos 193,  245 

Ash,  greenstone 25,  26,  37,  42,  50 

Augite 42,  43,  i93 


Bed  II.,  description  of  specimens  from 202 

IV.,  “ “ 203 

V.,  “ “ ..57-61,68, 

71,  78,  84,  85,  99,  100,  101,  203,  204,  225 

VI.,  description  of  specimens  from...  .204,  224 

VII.,  “ “ 156  (?),  204, 

224 

VIII.,  “ “ ..91,92,96, 

204,  224  (?) 

IX.,  “ “ 140,  156  (?) 

204,  206,  219,  220 

X.,  “ “ ..89,91,92, 

205,  228,  230 

XI.,  “ “ 77,  97,  136, 

205,  215-219,  221,  222,  223,  229 

XII.,  description  of  specimens  from 206,  222, 

223,  226,  229 

XIII. ,  “ “ ..79,80,94, 

95,  97,  106,  107,  115-122,  183,  206,  207 
208,  223,  225,  226,  227,  230 

XIV. ,  description  of  specimens  from  . . 61,  62,  63, 

66,  208 

XV.,  “ “ ....209,  224 

XVI.,  “ “ 209 

XVII.,  “ “ 209,  223,  224 

XIX.,  “ “ 92,  155, 209, 

222,  223 

Beqiienesec,  the  Upper  and  the  Little  Falls. . . 196 

Bi-ji-ki  River 209 

Birdseye  ore 33 

Boolders,  specimens  from 4,  21,  30,  45,  66,  7c, 

86,  98,  128,  129,  164 

Breccia,  feldspar 21 

hematite 21,  33,  64,  292 

jasper 67 

quartz 20,  33 

Brooks,  T.  B.,  Appendix  B 199 

Appendix  E,  notes  on 241 

Appendix  K 283 

Brush,  Prof.  G.  J 24,  193,  194 

Burt,  W.  A.,  Appendix  D 235 

Calcite 196,  245 

in  argillyte 30 

in  chloritic  schist 25,  40 

in  dioryte 45,  46,  48-51,  221 

in  dioryte-aphanyte 53 

in  gneiss 37,  38 

in  hematite-schist 33 


20 


INDEX. 


294 


Calcite  in  limestone 19 

in  quartzose  rocks 21,  22,  23 

Calcareous  rocks 19 

Carbon 34 

Carbonaceous  rocks 34,  126,  127,  209;  224 

Carbonate  of  copper 246 

Catalogue  of  Michigan  State  Coll,  of  Hu- 

ronian  Rocks,  etc 201 

Census  statistics 253 

Chalcedony 21 

Clialcopyrite 190 

Chalk,  red 25,  191 

Chlorite 196 

in  argillyte 28,  29,  40 

in  chlorite-schist 24,  25 

in  dioryte 42,  43,  44,  46-51,  19 1,  193 

in  gneiss. 35-38 

in  hornblende-schist 37 

in  mica-schist 39 

in  magnetite-schist 31,  32 

in  quartzose  rocks 20,  22,  23 

in  sandstone-schist 55 

in  trappean  dioryte 52 

passing  into  ochre 38 

potstone 50,  175,  210 

schist  and  chloritic-schist  (see  schist'). 

Cliloritic  dioryte 46,  47,  48,  167,  210 

gneiss 37,  25,  38,  142-154,  202,  211 

Chocolate  Marble  Quarry. . .57-59,  60,  61,  68,  71, 
78,  84,  85,  99,  100,  203,  243 

river 21,  30,  31,  195,  236,  241,  242,  243 

Chromium,  detection  of  in  serpentine 196 

Clarksburgh 202 

Classification  of  rocks 3,  4 

Clay-slate 27,  28,  29 

Cleveland  Knob 191 

Collinsville t 39 

Concretionary  dioryte 48,  209 

structure  in  limestone 56 

Conglomerate,  dioryte  or  greenstone 31 

jasper 64,  65 

quartz 20,  31,  61-63,  208 

talcose 31 

Conglomeritic  gneiss 31 

Contortions  of  laminae,  Appendix  K 285 

Copper  pyrites 190 

trap 158 

Credner,  Dr.  Hermann,  on  lithology 4 

observations  on  Lake  Superior  rocks.  .30,  39, 
42,  46,  54,  192,  193,  196 

Dana,  Prof.  J.  D 2,  29,  40,  42 

Dead  River 142,  143,  244 

Decomposition  of  feldspar  (see  also  kaolin).  194, 

196,  215-221 

Deer  Lake 86 

river 57,  107 

Description  of  rocks,  method  of 2 

Descriptive  lithology 55 

Diabase,  rocks  supposed  to  be 42,  193,  218,  221 

Dioryte 43>  53>  I9b  *93.  *94 

aphanyte 52,  181,  182,  211,  218,  219 

chloritic 46,  167,  210 

chloritic,  passage  into  aphanyte-schist..25,  50 
chloritic,  passage  into  dioryte-wacke ....  47 


Dioryte,  chloritic,  passage  into  dioryte-green- 

stone 48 

description  of  specimens  of 155-163,  204, 

210,  21 1 

concretionary 48,  209 

greenstone 46,  48,  53,  54,  170-172 

Houghton  on 241 

magnesian  (“ serpentine”).. 46,  165,  166,  196, 

21 1,  245 

passage  of,  into  amphibole-schist 48 

passage  of,  into  amygdaloid 49 

porphyry 43,  52,  180 

relation  of,  to  greenstone-ash 42 

schist..  .25,  42,  47,  48,  54,  168,  169,  170,  205, 
216,  217,  219,  227 

trappean 51,  176-181 

wacke .47,  45,  52,  167,  180,  181 

Wright  on 215-221,  225,  226 

Discovery  of  ore-deposits 235-238 

Dock,  iron-ore. ....  249 

Dolomite  (mineral) 20,  22,  57,  197,  203 

(rock) .' 19,  193,  204 

passing  into  quartzyte 20 

marble .19,  56-61,  203,  210 

Dyke,  granitic 35,  128 

trappean 51,  52,  54,  181,  i8g 

Eisen-granit .-..35,  128 

Epidote 194 

in  dioryte.. 45,  49,  156,  162,  163,  165,  171,  179, 

227 

in  gneiss... 35,  36,  38,  132,  135,  138,  140,  143, 
*45>  I49>  150,  i5b  153 

in  granite 129 

in  trappean  dioryte  52 

Epidotic  greenstone 45,  143 

Felch  Mountain 75,  81,  121,  128,  132 

Feldspar  (orthoclase) 34,  35,  194,  203,  220 

triclinic 194 

in  argillyte 26,  27,  29 

in  chloritic  schist 25 

in  dioryte.. 43-49,  191,  194,  195,  215-221,  225, 
226,  227 

in  dioryte-aphanyte. 53 

in  gneiss  35,  36,  37 

in  granite  (?) 35 

in  mica-slate 40 

in  quartzose  rocks 21,  22,  73 

in  talcose  schist 30 

in  trappean  dioryte. 51,  52 

Feldspatliic  argillyte  (see  argillyte). 

Fence  and  Deer  River 57 

Ferruginous  granite 35,  128 

Forrestville 47,  183,  195 

Fragmental  rocks  54 

Fucoidal  impressions 5,  127,  210 

Galenite 190,  246 

Garnet 22,  24,  32,  33,  39,  193,  226 

Glimmer-trapp,  rock  allied  to 49 

Gneiss,  chloritic 37,  142-154,  202,  21 1 

chloritic,  passing  into  chloritic  schist 25 

chloritic,  passing  into  greenstone 38 

common  (micaceous) 35,  129-132,  203 


INDEX ; 


295 


Gneiss,  common,  conglomeritic 31 

common,  derived  from  hornblende-gneiss  36 

hornblende 36,  44,  132-139,  220,  221,  289 

talcose . 31,  38,  39,  209 

talcy-chloritic ...  .31,  39,  153,  154 

Gogel>ic  schists ' 4° 

Gotliite 23,  34,  88,  192 

Grand  Portage 157 

Granite 34,  127,  194,  244 

ferruginous 35,  128 

Graphite  and  Graphitic  shale 34,  127 

Greenstone 41,  195,242,243 

ash  (tuff) 25,  26,  37,  42,  50 

conglomerate 31 

derived  from  gneiss 38 

dioryte 46,  48,  53>  54>  i?®"1?2 

epidotic 45>  H3 

schist,  micaceous 40,  49,  50,  53,  54,  172, 

173,  206 

Hansmannite 192 

Hematite 190,  205,  206,  210 

breccia 21,  33,  64,  292 

in  dioryte 52>  I9X»  244 

in  quartzose  rocks 21,  22 

ochre  (see  ochre). 
schist  (see  schist). 

Hornblende  (see  amphibole) 193 

gangue-rock 223 

gneiss 36,  44,  132-139,  220,  221,  289 

in  dioryte 215-221,  225,  226,  227 

in  hornblende-schist 37 

in  mica-schist 39 

in  quartzose  rocks 21 

schist 24,  37,  41,  140,  141,  229 

Houghton,  Dr.  Douglas,  Appendix  E 235, 

241-246 

Jacob 247 

Hunt,  T.  S.,  on  chromium  in  serpentine 196 

Institutions  possessing  suites  of  Huronian 

rocks 201 

Introduction  to  Appendix  A 19 

Iron-ore  dock 249 

ore  rocks  (see  ore) 31 

pyrites  (see  pyrite). 

Itahirite,  rock  allied  to 22 

Jackson 66 

Jasper-conglomerate 64,  65 

in  hematite-schist 33,  285-288 

in  magnetite-schist 32 

in  quartzose  rocks 20,  21,  23 

in  talcose  schist 31 

schist 23,  87,  90 

Jenney,  F.  B.,  Appendix  H 257 

Julien,  Alexis  A.,  Appendix  A 1 

Appendix  B 199 

Kaolin 196,  52,  55,  181,  184,  194,  230 

in  argillyte 26,  29 

in  hematite-schist 33 

in  quartzose  rocks 21,  23 

Kersanton,  rock  allied  to 49 

Kyanite  (?) 193 


Kreisoher,  Professor,  microscopic  examina- 
tion by 1,  215 

Labradorite 216 

hake  Angeline 191,  194 

Deer 86 

Fairbanks 23,  193,  204,  205 

Gogebic .40,  109,  148,  149,  193,  289 

Michigamme.  .128, 129,  134,  135, 155, 164,  209 

Palmer 31,  39,  190 

Sunday  (outlet) 67,  83,  86,  87,  88,  go,  in, 

112,  118,  159,  161,  175 

Teal 25,  31,  193,  194,  196,  197,  203,  236 

Laminae,  contortions  of 285 

L’Aiise  Bay 103 

iron-ore  dock  at 247 

iron  range 72,  76,  77,  79,  101,  102,  125, 

126,  127,  176-181,  209 

Laumontite 196 

Laurentian  rocks  (see  rocks). 

schists,  distinction  of,  from  Huronian 41 

Laws,  synopsis  of  mining 261 

Lawlon,  Chas.  D.,  Appendix  1 261 

Letter  of  J.  Houghton 247 

of  transmittal,  A.  A.  Julien 1 

ofH.B.  Tuttle 277 

Light-House  Point,  Marquette 53,  54,  182 

quarry 21 1 

Limestone 19,  55,  56 

Limonite 22,  23,  205 

ochre 22,  23,  151,  192,  193 

schist 34,  125 

List  of  minerals 189 

of  rocks 7 

Lithology,  literature  of,  referred  to 3,  4 

descriptive 55 

Long  Portage 130 

Magnesian  dioryte  (serpentine) 46,  165,  166, 

196,  21 1,  245 

3Iagnetic  analyses  of  ores 259 

Magnetism  of  rocks 24,  44,  49,  51,  237 

Magnetite 191,  207,  223 

altered  into  chlorite  and  martite 24 

in  anthophyllite-schist 24 

in  argillyte 26,  30 

in  chlorite-schist 24 

in  dioryte.  .44,  49,  159,  215-221,  225,  226,  227 

in  hematite-schist 33 

in  magnetite-schist 31,  32 

in  mica-slate 40 

in  quartzyte 21,  22,  23 

in  sandstone-schist 55 

in  talcose  schist 30 

in  trappean  dioryte  51 

schist 31,  32,  33,  1 17-12 1,  204,  207,  209 

Manganite 192 

Marble 19,  56-61,  203,  210 

Marquette 48,  53,  54,  95,  96,  161,  162,  163,  168, 

170-175,  182,  194,  197,  211,  239,  254,  255,  256 

greenstone-quarry 210 

Martite 191 

in  chlorite-schist 24 

in  hematite-schist 33,  122,  123,  228 

in  jasper-schist 23 


INDEX. 


296 


Martite  in  magnetite-schist 32,  116 

schist 33,  202 

Menominee  River 30,  39,  210 

upper  range 82,  122,  123,  259 

Metallurgical  qualities  of  certain  ores 279 

Mica 194 

in  argillyte 27,  29 

in  carbonaceous  slates 34 

in  gneiss... 35,  36,  38 

in  granite 34 

in  Laurentian  schists 41 

in  magnetite-schist 32 

in  mica-schist 39 

in  mica-slate 40 

in  quartzose  rocks 20,  21,  23 

in  sandstone-schist 55 

magnesian 194 

magnesian,  in  dioryte 42,  44,  46,  48,  49, 

158,  204,  219,  220 

magnesian,  in  mica-slate  or  greenstone- 

schist 40,  50,  174,  206 

schist 39,  155,  195,  209 

slate 27,  40,  50,  108-1x2,  155 

trap,  rocks  allied  to 49 

Micaceous  greenstone-schist  (see  gree7isto7ie). 
dioryte  (see  mica,  magnesian). 

Micaceous  Iron 20,  21,  22,  33, 190, 191,  206 

in  argillyte 30 

in  dioryte 52,  191,  244 

in  granite 35,  128 

in  magnetite-schist 32 

schist 33,  207,  208 

Midi  i gamine  River 70,  107,  108,  116,  129 

Microscopic  sections  of  rocks. . . . 1,  41,  42,  53,  2x5 

Mine,  Bagaley,  Cascade 202 

Barnum 209 

Breen 210 

Cannon 204 

Champion 92,  147,  208,  259 

Cleveland 207 

Edwards 77,  92,  96,  168,  173,  207 

Eureka 242 

Foster 22,  49,  79,  127,  192,  205,  231 

Himrod 259 

Holyoke  and  L.  S.  Silver  Lead 190 

Iron  Mountain 190,  191,  230 

Jackson  ..33,  46,  190,  192,  207,  208,  215,  216, 
217,  259 

Keystone  Company 20 

Kloman 259 

Lake  Angeline 207 

Lake  Superior.97,  107,  190,  192,  196,  206,  208 

Magnetic 204,  259 

Marquette 164,  172,  196 

Michigamme 206,  207,  208,  259 

Michigamme  Iron  Mountain 46 

New  England 219,  228,  229,  230,  259 

New  York 207,  259 

Ogden 231 

Old  Michigan 220 

Old  Washington. . .66,  91,  116,  136,  140,  208, 
221,  226 

Parsons 117 

Republic 203-208,  259,  285 

Rolling  Mill 205,  259 


Mine,  Sedgwick 190 

Spurr  Mountain  (see  Spurr  Moun- 
tain)  259 

Washington.  .32,  105,  106,  115,  156,  174,  181, 
191,  193,  194,  ^205,  208,  211,  225-228 

West-end,  Cascade 202,  203 

Williams 259 

Winthrop 206,  259 

Mineralogical  notes 189 

Minerals,  analysis  of. 1,  41 

list  of 189 

Mining  laws 263 

Mixed  crystalline  rocks 34 

Morgan  Furnace  quarry 203 

Moss  Mountain 33,  195 

Muscovite 194 

Names  of  minerals,  list  of 189 

of  rocks,  list  of 7 

Negaunee 41,  48,  193,  194,  197,  204,  205,  219, 

254,  255 

Nomenclature  of  rocks 2,  42,  48,  49,  51 

principles  of. 3 

Norway  Portage 108 

Novaculyte 23,  30,  84,  85,  203 

Numbers,  comparative  tables  of 7,  16 

of  descriptions  and  of  specimens 4,  7,  55 

Ochre,  Hematite 190 

in  argillyte. 27,  29 

in  anthophyllite-schist 24 

in  carbonaceous  slate 34 

in  chloritic  schist 196 

in  dioryte 46,  47,  52 

in  gneiss 38 

in  hematite-schist 33 

in  magnetite-schist 32 

in  quartzose  rocks 21,  22,  23 

in  sandstone  schist 55 

in  talcose  schist 30 

Ochre,  Limonite 151,  192 

in  quartzose  rocks 22,  23,  193 

Older  feldspathic  rocks 34 

Oligoclase 43,  194 

Ontonagon  River 98,  113,  153,  1 66,  171 

Ore,  Birdseye 33,  190,  202 

Breen  Mine 210 

brown  iron  (see  schist , limonite) 224 

copper 190,  246 

discovery  of. 235 

hematite  (see  schist) 32,  230,  235,  242 

lean  iron 32,  33 

limonite  (see  schist) 34 

magnetic  (see  schist) 31,  223,  225,  227, 

228,  288,  290 

manganiferous  iron 230 

red 32 

silver  lead 190 

specular  iron  (see  schist) 223,  225,  226, 

228,  229,  230 

Ores,  metallurgical  qualities  of  certain 277 

color  of  powder  of 257 

Organic  remains  5,  127,  210 

Orthoclase 34,  35,  194,  203,  220 

rocks 34 


INDEX. 


29  7 


Ottrclite 194 

Paint  Portage 157 

Palmer,  Chas.  H.,  Jun.,  on  Iron-Ore  Dock... 249, 

250 

Pegmatite 34,  39 

Pic-nic  rocks 163,  211 

Pioneer  quarry 219 

Plagioclase  rocks 35 

Plumbago 34,  127 

brook 73,  X14 

Population  of  the  Upper  Peninsula 251 

Porphyry,  dioryte 43,  52,  180 

Potstone,  chlorite 50,  175,  210 

Prefatory  letter  to  Appendix  A 1 

Presqu’isle  ...19,  20,  23,  57,  64,  65,  124,  165,  184, 
190,  193,  196,  211 

Dr.  Houghton  on 244,  245,  246 

Protogine,  rocks  called 31,  39 

Pseudomorphs 22,  24,  43,  44,  47,  78,  94,  95, 

108,  1 16 

Psilomelane 192 

Pyrite 190 

in  argillyte 27,  30 

in  dioryte 45,  46,  215-221,  244,  245 

in  dioryte-aphanyte 53 

in  gneiss 35,  36>  38 

in  quartzose  rocks 20,  21 

Pyrolnsite 21,  22,  24,  33,  73,  79,  93,  191,  205 

Pyrostilpnite 190 

Pyroxene 42,  43,  193 


Quartz 192 

breccia 20,  33 

conglomerate 20,  31 

in  argillyte 27,  28,  29 

in  carbonaceous  slate 34 

in  chloritic  schist 25 

in  dioryte  ..44,  46,  49,  159,  162,  191,  210,  245 

in  dolomite 19,  20 

in  gneiss 35-38 

in  granite 34 

in  hematite-schist 33 

in  Lauren  tian  schists 41 

in  magnetite-schist 31,  32 

in  mica-schist 39,  40 

schists  (see  schist ). 

Quartzose  rocks 20 

Quartz  yte 20,  21,  32,  68-76,  203,  204,  222,  225, 

227 

passing  into  limonite-schist 34 

passing  into  magnetite-schist 32 

passing  into  mica-schist 39 

passing  into  talcose  schist 21,  31,  243 

Red  chalk 25,  191 

Republic  Mountain  (see  mine). . . .40,  50,  193,  291 

Rocks,  calcareous 19 

carbonaceous 54,  126,  127,  209,  224 

fragmental 54 

iron-ore 31 


Lauren  tian.  .4,  34-38,  40,  42,  43, 47,  48,  52,  73, 
98,  109-1 13,  127,  130,  131,  132, 
134,  135,  137-155,  i59-l6L  166, 
167,  169,  170,  17 1,  182,  289 


list  of  names  of. 


7 


Rocks,  magnetism  of 24,  44,  49,  51,  237 

microscopic  sections  of. 1,  41,  42,  53,  215 

mixed  crystalline 34 

older  feldspathic 34 

orthoclase 34 

plagioclase 35 

principles  of  nomenclature  of 3 

quartzose 20 

receivers  of  suites  of 201 

silicate 23 

Silurian 19,  20,  55,  57,  64,  65,  184,  196 

simple 19 

specific  gravity  of 202,  etc. 

terminations  of  names  of. 3 

younger  feldspathic 52 

Rooliug-slate 28,  29,  30,  114,  115,  204 


Sandstone-schist 55,  183,  184 

Schal stone 48,  50,  174 

Schist,  actinolite 24,  226,  228,  229 

amphibole 28,  48,  49,  53,  106 

anthophyllite 24,  32,  91,  92,  93,  205,  209, 

223,  224,  228 

aphanyte 25,  50,  174,  210 

argillaceous  (see  argillyte) 224,  230 

chlorite 24,  28,  29,  94-98,  21 1 

chloritic 24,  25,  26,  28,  29,  40,  53,  54,  193, 

195,  j97j  203,  219,  222,  224,  227,  229 

conglomerate 208 

dioryte 25,  42,  47,  48,  54,  168,  169,  170, 

205,  216,  217,  219,  227 

Gogebic 40 

greenstone  (micaceous) 49,  40,  50,  53,  54, 

172,  173,  206 

hematite 23,  32,  33,  122,  123,  124,  202, 

206,  207,  210 

hornblende  (see  a nt ph ibole-sch is t) . . . .24,  37, 
41, 140,  141,  229 

jasper 23,  87,  90 

limonite 34,  125 

magnetite..  .31,  32,  33,  117-121,  204,  207,  209 

martite 33,  202 

mica 39,  155,  195,  209 

micaceous-iron 33,  207,  208 

ochre 125,  196 

quartz 21,  31-34,  73,  76-83,  204,  205,  206, 

208,  209 

sandstone 55,  183,  184 

siliceous ...  22,  23,  30,  40,  83-86,  108-113,  2°3 

specular-iron 33,  122,  202,  207,  208 

talcose 21,  23,  29,  30,  53,  115-117,  190, 

I93,  I95,  208,  242 

Sections  of  rocks,  microscopic 1,  41,  42,  53,  215 

Semi-opal 22 

Serpentine  (mineral) 19,  46,  52,  57,  196,  245 

(rock) 46,  165,  166,  196,  211,  245 

Shale 27,  34,  101 , 126,  127 

Siderite 19,  30,  55,  197,  235 

Silicate  rocks 23 

Siliceous  schist  (see  schist). 

Silurian  rocks  (see  rocks). 

Simple  rocks 19 

Slate,  argillyte — (roofing  or  clay). . . .28,  29,  30,  114, 

1 1 5,  204 

jasper 88,  89 


298 


INDEX. 


Slate,  mica ’...27,  40,  50,  108-112,  155 

quartzose 31,  205,  206 

siliceous 27,  84,  85,  86 

talcose 210 

Slate  River 68,  76,  82,  105,  115,  124,  179 

Smith.  Mountain 193 

Soapstone  (see  talc ) 195 

Specific  Gravity  of  rocks 202,  et  seq. 

Specimens,  list  of  numbers  of. 7,  16 

description  of. *.55,  202,  215 

Specular-Iron  and  schist 33 

Sphalerite 190 

Spur  r Mountain 61,  62,  63,  207,  259 

range 79,  80,  94,  95,  1 17-12 1,  183 

State-Road,  L’Anse  to  Champion. . 13 1,  134,  135, 
140,  141,  145.  146,  147 

Statistics,  U.  S.  census 253 

Staurolite 195,  39,  155 

Steatite 31,  196 

Sturgeon  River  114,  209 

Suites  of  rocks,  receivers  of 201,  215 

Synopsis  of  mining  laws 261 

Tables  of  numbers,  comparative 7,  16 

Talc 195 

in  chloritic  schist 25,  29 

in  dolomite 19 

in  gneiss ...  ....  31,  38,  39,  209 

in  greenstone-conglomerate 31 


Talc  in  quartzose  rocks 21,  22,  23,  31 

in  siliceous  schist 30 

in  talcose  schist 29,  30,  31,  208 

(Talcose  gneiss 31,  38,  39,  209 


schist  ("see  schist .) 

Talcy-chloritic  gneiss 31,  39,  153,  154 

Terminations  of  names  of  rocks 3 

Tourmaline 195 

Trap-dykes 51,  52,  54,  181,  182 

Trappean  dioryte 51,  176-181 

Tremolite 19,  56,  193 

Tuff,  greenstone  (see  ash). 

Turgite 34,  192 


Tuttle,  H.  B.,  Appendix  J 


277 


Von  Cotta,  B.,  microscopic  examination  by..i,  215 
work  on  lithology 3 

Wacke,  dioryte 47,  45,  52,  167,  180,  181 

Weathering  of  feldspar  and  amphibole. . . .37,  45 


of  Laurentian  and  Huronian  schists 41 

of  trappean  dioryte 52,  177 

Works  on  lithology,  referred  to 3,  4 

Wright,  Chas.  E.,  Appendix  C 213 

microscopic  examination  by. 1 


Younger  feldspathic  rocks 52 

Zinc  Blende 190 


I 


